scholarly journals Effect of ethanol extract of leaf of Cajanus indicus spreng in carbon tetrachloride induced hepatopathy in rates in relation to free radical scavenging action

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Biswajit Majumdar ◽  
Arun Kumar Sinha ◽  
Shrawan Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Conjugate Diene ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Glutathione Status ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Phytochemicals, that is, chemicals present in various plants and herbs , are now becoming important candidates for development of drugs.Wide range of medicinals plants {Plants from which potential photochemicals are isolated for development of drugs for treatment of diseases}present in South Asian countries have now been increasingly utilized for development of phytomedicines. Treatment with ethanol extract of leaf of Cajanus indicus Spreng at a dose of 50 mg /kg body weight for 20 days, after induction of hepatotoxic damage by CCl4, produce significant elevation of the hepatic injury. The liver marker enzymes like(Aspartate Transaminate) AST, GGT(Gamma Glutamyl Transferase), ALT(Alanine Transaminase) and ALP(Alkaline Phosphatase) decreased significantly at the above dose showing the optimum effect against hepatic damage. The liver antioxidant enzymes SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione transferase and the membrane damaging indicators TBARS(Thiobarbituric Acis Reactive Species), conjugate diene and marker of glutathione status indicate the mechanism of healing action to be due to scavenging of free radicals or ROS. The results thus gives a confirmatory proof that the healing action of ethanol extract of leaf of Cajanus indicus Spreng is for shifting of equilibrium from the peroxidant to antioxidant side and the leaf acts as a natural antioxidant and healer of CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v1i1.7284 Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol.1(1) 2011 20-26

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Acute Hepatoprotective Potential of Hydroethanolic Extract of Duranta erecta L. Parts

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shadrack Donkor ◽  
Christopher Larbie ◽  
Gustav Komlaga ◽  
Benjamin Obukowho Emikpe
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Liver Structure ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

Liver disease is a major health problem and its treatment is costly in most developing countries with attendant adverse effects. This study aimed at determining the acute hepatoprotective efficacy of Duranta erecta hydroethanolic extracts of leaves, ripe and unripe fruits against CCl4-, and acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in animals. Materials and Methods. CCl4 (1 mL/kg body weight in olive oil) and acetaminophen (500 mg/kg b.wt) were used to induce hepatotoxicity in the animals. Animals were treated with extracts at 250 mg/kg b.wt and standard drug, silymarin (100 mg/kg), for 7 days. Hepatoprotective efficacy was assessed by assaying serum biochemical markers such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (γGT), bilirubin (Bil), antioxidative biomarkers including reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxidase (H202), and nitric oxide (NO), as well as histological observations. Results. Exposure of the animals to CCl4 and acetaminophen resulted in liver injury as evidenced by elevated ALT, AST, ALP, γGT, Bil, MDA, H2O2, and NO levels with resultant derangement in liver microarchitecture. Pretreatment with hydroethanolic extracts, particularly ripe fruits of Duranta erecta, led to a reduction in these indicators and an increase in GSH, GPx, GST, and SOD levels. Biochemical data were supported by improvement in liver structure. Conclusion. The findings suggest that hydroethanolic Duranta erecta ripe fruits extract possesses hepatoprotective and antioxidative activities against CCl4- and acetaminophen-induced toxicity and could be developed as a potent agent for drug-induced liver diseases.

scholarly journals Green synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Elicited a Prominent Suppression of Oxidative and Inflammatory Distortions in Rats Exposed to Carbon Tetrachloride

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 5444-5457
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

This study centered on Zinc oxide nanoparticles capped with Pterocarpus mildbraedii leaf extracts (PmZnONPs) as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) ‐ induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats. PmZnONPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The FTIR results revealed the presence of various functional groups in PmZnONPs, while the BET showed a surface area of 1.55 mg-2. In vitro, PmZnONPS showed comparable 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS) radicals scavenging activities as Vitamin C. After that, PmZnONPs (1 and 3 mg/kg) were administered (p.o.) into six groups of rats, using CCl4 as the toxicant. The obtained results demonstrated that PmZnONPS significantly prevented CCl4‐induced elevations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin (BIL), creatinine, and urea. Moreover, PmZnONPs restored the levels of plasma uric acid, hepatorenal antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, and glutathione that were significantly decreased by CCl4 treatment. Immunohistochemical studies showed that PmZnONPs significantly suppressed the high immunoreactivity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX-2), and interleukin‐6 (IL-6) arising from CCl4 intoxication. Thus our data hint that PmZnONPs suppressed CCl4‐induced toxicity in the liver and kidney of rats via its combined antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties.

scholarly journals Preservation of antioxidant defense system by Morin in bicalutamide-induced rat testicular toxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
E.T. Olayinka ◽  
A. Ore ◽  
O.O. Olotu ◽  
V.U. Ogbuji ◽  
O.A. Adeyemo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Sperm Parameters ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Testicular Toxicity ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
Group I ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Bicalutamide (BCT) is a potent anti-androgen chemotherapeutic drug indicated for prostate cancer. However, BCT is known to cause oxidative stress and impairment of male reproductive function. Whereas Morin (MOR), a flavonoid has been found to be a potent antioxidant, with free radical scavenging capacity. This study investigated the protective effect of MOR on BCT-induced testicular toxicity in Wistar rats. Twenty-four male albino rats were randomized into four groups (n=6/group). Group I which served as control received distilled water. Group II, received 3 mg/kg body weight (bwt) BCT orally (per os); group III received 3 mg/kg/day BCT p.o. plus 100 mg/kg/d MOR p.o. and group IV received 100 mg/kg/d MOR p.o. All treatments lasted for 14 days, thereafter, animals were sacrificed and epididymis and testis were collected for sperm and biochemical analyses. The result revealed that BCT treatment caused a significant increase in abnormal sperm morphology. Sperm production, sperm count, motility and viability were significantly reduced when compared with control (p<0.05). Similarly, testicular superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx),glutathione S-transferase (GST) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities, as well as ascorbic acid and GSH levels were significantly reduced in the BCT- treated animals when compared to control (p<0.05). Conversely, testicular alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and lactate dehydrogenese (LDH) activities as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of BCT-treated animals  increased significantly relative to control (p<0.05). However, co-treatment with Morin ameliorated BCT-induced alterations in sperm parameters, ascorbic acid, GSH and MDA levels, as well as LDH, SOD, CAT, GST, GPX, ACP, ALP and GGT activities. Data obtained from this study suggest that Morin protected against altered sperm parameters and testicular oxidative stress caused by BCT. Keywords: Bicalutamide, Anti-androgen, Testis, Oxidative stress, Morin, Antioxidant, Rat

scholarly journals Biochemical Profile and Degree of Liver Involvement in Dengue Fever

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
N Y Mili ◽  
S Sikder ◽  
A Basar ◽  
E Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
The Impact

Dengue disease has emerged globally as the most frequent and medically relevant viral infection transmitted by mosquito bite. Acute hepatitis is a manifestation of dengue virus infection. This study shows the impact of dengue on liver function was studied by biochemical tests on 80 patients out of them 53 male (age 42±12 yrs) and 27 female (age 39±13 yrs). The patients were diagnosed as dengue fever and were admitted in Holy Family Red Crescent Medical college Hospital from June 2014 to December 2016. All the patient were diagnosed by anti-dengue IgM positive by ELISA method. Abnormal level of aspartate aminotransferase (ASV, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin, alkaline Phosphatase (Alp), gamma-glutamyl transferase (G-GT) and albumin and urinary albumin were observed in 82.5%, 82.5%, 47.5%, 38.75%, 71.25% ,66.25% and, 76.25% of the patients respectively. It is concluded that dengue fever may cause hepatic injury and transaminase elevation similar to that in patients with conventional viral hepatitis. In epidemic or endemic areas, dengue fever should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute hepatitis.

scholarly journals Cumulative Effects of Low-Level Lead Exposure and Chronic Physiological Stress on Hepatic Dysfunction—A Preliminary Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Chronic physiological stress and hepatic injury were explored in this cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2010. Lead exposure was measured using Blood Lead Levels (BLL), which were divided into quartiles of exposure based on the distribution within the database. Allostatic load (AL), a variable representing chronic physiological stress, was operationalized using ten clinical markers. The geometric mean values for markers of liver injury of interest (a) Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), (b) Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), (c) Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and (d) Gamma glutamyl-transferase (GGT) were explored in quartiles of lead exposure. Associations between AL and AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT among those exposed to lead were analyzed using linear regression models. In examining lead exposure in increasing quartiles, the geometric mean of the liver injury markers showed significant elevations as lead exposure levels increased. Simple linear regression revealed AL was positively associated with several markers of hepatic injury in all degrees of lead exposure. This study demonstrates the potential dangers of social and environmental exposures to liver health.

scholarly journals Insulin and adrenalin effects on the activity and concentration of glutathione metabolizing enzymes in rat organs

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Kolesnichenko ◽  
V. I. Kulinsky ◽  
M. V. Yasko ◽  
G. A. Pensionerova ◽  
Yu. V. Grudinina
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
The Brain

Adrenaline activates glutathione peroxidase in the heart, liver, and kidneys and glutathione transferase in the heart and liver, inhibits gamma-glutamyl transferase in the kidneys, and has no effect on glutathione reductase; no changes in the brain detected. Insulin does not influence glutathione reductase either, nor does it induce any changes in the heart, liver, and bone marrow, but it alters (as a rule reduces) in a number of cases the activities of many glutathione metabolism enzymes and reduces glutathione concentration in the brain, kidneys, and spleen both an hour and 24 h after injection. The detected changes do not conform to universally acknowledged classification of the organs by insulin sensitivity and do not correlate with hypoglycemia.

scholarly journals Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on the Excretory Function of the Liver

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Fidelis Oyakhire ◽  
Emokpae M.A ◽  
Enehizena Ogie ◽  
Egho E Valentine
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Conjugated Bilirubin ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Diabetes mellitus is an internationally recognized health problem and a leading cause of death worldwide. However, the most significant increase in prevalence is expected to occur in Asia and Africa, where most patients will be found by 2030. Diabetic Mellitus is a clinical and metabolic syndrome characterized by abnormal carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism resulting in hyperglycemia, increased protein breakdown, Ketosis or acidosis due to absolute or relative deficiency, and insulin resistance, thereby leading to vascular complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. This study evaluated the levels of plasma bilirubin, ALP, and GGT among diabetic patients. A total of eighty (80) individuals were recruited for the study comprising of forty (40) diabetes patients with age range 25-80 years and forty (40) control subjects with the age range of 20-30 years in Irrua/Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria. The study was carried out within six months (December 2018 - May 2019). All patients were diabetes. The serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total and conjugated bilirubin were assayed by spectrophotometric method, and the data obtained were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 software. Serum levels of ALP, GGT, Total and unconjugated bilirubin were significantly elevated (P&lt;0.05) among diabetes patients than control subjects except for conjugated bilirubin which was lower (P&gt;0.05)  when compared with that of the control subjects. The mean serum levels of  ALP, GGT, total, unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin of male diabetes patients were non statistically significant (P&gt;0.05) when compared with female diabetes subjects except the age (P&lt;0.05). These findings indicate that hepatic injury was more likely among diabetes, and liver enzymes (ALP, GGT) are critical for monitoring glucose control concomitant with hepatic injury. Bilirubin is a potentially important biomarker for the assessment of the hepatic excretory system in diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Effective Dose of Rosella Calyx Extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) against Liver Marker Enzymes and Liver Histopathological of High-Fat Feed-Induced Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meilinah Hidayat ◽  
Oeij A Adhika ◽  
Fenny Tanuwijaya ◽  
Adisurya Nugraha ◽  
Ricky B Hutagalung
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Natural Remedies ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Liver disease is a disease caused by various factors that damage the liver, such as viruses, obesity and alcohol consumption. Many studies have been done to find natural remedies for this disease, one of which is Rosella. In this research, the effective dose of ethanol extract of rosella calyx (EERC) was conducted, in high-fat feed (HFF)-induced rats. The aim of this study was to determine the effective dose of EEKR based on parameters:liver histopathological, Alanine Transferase (ALT) and Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) level. The study was conducted on 30 male Wistar rats, which were divided into five treatment groups. As results, histopathological observations showed a significant decrease in cloudy swelling scores at EERC 200 mg/KgBW/d, decreased steatosis scores at doses of 200, 400, 600 mg; whereas ballooning degeneration, lobular inflammation, and fibrosis scores did not decrease. EERC 200, 400, 600 mg/KgBW/d significantly decreased ALT (p ? 0.01); while doses of 400 and 600 mg reduce GGT. Conclusions, effective dose of EEKR for liver disease based on histopathological features of liver, ALT and GGT in HFF- induced Wistar rats is dose of 200 - 400 mg /KgBW/day.   Keywords: effective dose, Rosella, histopathologic, Alanine Transferase, Gamma Glutamyl Transferase

Quercetin ameliorates liver injury induced with Tripterygium glycosides by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junming Wang ◽  
Mingsan Miao ◽  
Yueyue Zhang ◽  
Ruixin Liu ◽  
Xaobing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Quercetin (Que) is one of main compounds in Lysimachia christinae Hance (Christina loosestrife), and has both medicinal and nutritional value. Glycosides from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f. (léi gōng téng [the thunder duke vine]; TG) have diverse and broad bioactivities but with a high incidence of liver injury. Our previous study reported on the hepatoprotective properties of an ethanol extract from L. christinae against TG-induced liver injury in mice. This research is designed to observe, for the first time, the possible protective properties of the compound Que against TG-induced liver injury, and the underlying mechanisms that are involved in oxidative stress and anti-inflammation. The results indicated that TG caused excessive elevation in serum levels of alanine/aspartate transaminase (ALT/AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), and pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), as well as hepatic lipid peroxidation (all P < 0.01). On the other hand, following TG exposure, we observed significantly reduced levels of biomarkers, including hepatic glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10, as well as the enzyme activity and mRNA expression of copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) and catalase (CAT) (all P < 0.01). Nevertheless, all of these alterations were reversed by the pre-administration of Que or the drug bifendate (positive control) for 7 consecutive days. Therefore, this study suggests that Que ameliorates TG-induced acute liver injury, probably through its ability to reduce oxidative stress and its anti-inflammatory properties.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Hepatic Enzymes Between Preeclampsia and Normal Pregnant Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Farhana Afroz ◽  
Nasima Sultana ◽  
Ashiqur Rahman ◽  
Nusrat Zerin ◽  
Sheikh Mohammad Samsuzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Transaminase Level ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Alanine Transaminase ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Aspartate Transaminase ◽  
Hepatic Enzymes ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Background: Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder, unique to pregnancy that is usually associated with high blood pressure and proteinuria after 20 week of gestation. Abnormal liver function tests occur in 20% to 30% of pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and are associated with a higher risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcome. Objective: To observe the alteration of hepatic enzymes in preeclampsia. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Dhaka Medical College, and Dhaka from July 2015 to June 2016. A total number of one hundred pregnant women in third trimester of pregnancy with or without preeclampsia, attending in the outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in DMCH, were selected as study subjects. Of them fifty pregnant women in third trimester of pregnancy were with preeclampsia and fifty were normal healthy pregnant women. Estimation of hepatic enzymes like aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and gamma glutamyl transferase were done in both preeclampsia and normal pregnant patients and mean values of the variables were compared between them. Results: The mean serum aspartate transaminase level was significantly higher in preeclampsia compared to normal pregnant woman (32.4 ± 15.4 IU/L vs 24.8 ±11.8 IU/L respectively and p 0.007). Serum alanine transaminase level was also significantly higher in preeclampsia than normal pregnancy (38.1±19.9 IU/L vs 18.8±6.95 IU/L, respectively and p < 0.001). Serum gamma glutamyl transferase was also significantly higher in preeclampsia than normal pregnancy (44.7±19.1 IU/L vs 26.6± 6.0 IU/L p < .001). Conclusions: Hepatic enzymes (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, gamma glutamyl transferase) were increased. So routine assessment of these parameters may helpful to prevent worse outcome of preeclampsia patients. J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 29, No.1, April, 2020, Page 18-22

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