scholarly journals Population and Sustainability: Reviewing the Relationship Between Population Growth and Environmental Change

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Samways
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Intractable Problem ◽  
The Relationship

At a high level of abstraction, causally connecting population growth and environmental degradation is intuitively appealing. However, while it is clear that population size is a critical factor in the size and power of social systems, and hence in environmental impact, the relationship between human numbers and environmental change is complex. In particular, the long timescales involved in population growth and decline, along with the shifting role of economic development in both population growth itself and environmental impact, obfuscate the role of population size as a multiplier of impact. Moreover, the protracted nature of demographic change makes population size seem like an intractable problem, the outcome of natural processes which are not only beyond choice, but, critically, morally perilous. In this review of the role of population size in environmental impact, I argue that choices, norms, and values, as well as material factors, are interwoven and inseparable in the environmental impact of our species. Furthermore, the consideration of human welfare and wellbeing is central to arguments regarding an environmentally sustainable population.

The Study on the Relationship between Hypercompetition and Organizational Innovation: The Role of Organizational Learning

2011 ◽  
Vol 467-469 ◽  
pp. 1236-1240
Author(s):  
Hang Biao Shang ◽  
Guo Shuang Tian ◽  
Cai Ping Song ◽  
Yu Kun Cao ◽  
Li Rong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
External Environment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Macroeconomic Environment ◽  
Main Factor

This paper studies on the formation mechanism of how organizational innovation is established and developed. We built a model including envirnomental change, organizational learning and organizational innovation. Using the empirical study as a sample of 194 enterprises the results of this paper show that (1) the external environment factors have no direct effent on organizational innovation. The main factor of organizational innovation driven is organizational learning. (2) the industry of environmental change on the organizational learning have a significant impact to organizational learning and changes in the macroeconomic environment had no significant effect to organizational learning.

scholarly journals The Role of Population in Economic Growth

SAGE Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401773609 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Wesley F. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
High Population Growth ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lower Population ◽  
Capita Output

The relationship between population growth and economic growth is controversial. This article draws on historical data to chart the links between population growth, growth in per capita output, and overall economic growth over the past 200 years. Low population growth in high-income countries is likely to create social and economic problems while high population growth in low-income countries may slow their development. International migration could help to adjust these imbalances but is opposed by many. Drawing on economic analyses of inequality, it appears that lower population growth and limited migration may contribute to increased national and global economic inequality.

Legitimacy, Religion, and Nationalism in the Middle East

1990 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hossein Razi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Third World ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Islamic Fundamentalism ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
The Common ◽  
Religion And Nationalism ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The Relationship

The significance of legitimacy to regime maintenance has been much neglected in recent investigations of the Third World, particularly by behavioralists and rational choice theorists. I define legitimacy, discuss factors that may have contributed to this neglect, and explore the significance of nationalism and religion as major sources of legitimacy in the Middle East. Both a misunderstanding of the role of higher values and rationality in individuals' relationship to social systems and a faulty projection applied to the mainsprings of behavior in other cultures have distorted the perceptions of a number of Western analysts. The relationship between religion and nationalism is complex. Contrary to the common assumption in the West, Islam in general has generated fairly sophisticated constitutional theories. Islamic fundamentalism in particular has been a major source of innovation and adaptation—as well as of spiritual gratification—for the Muslim masses.

scholarly journals Livelihood Assets and Strategies among Rural Households: Comparative Analysis of Rice and Dryland Terrace Systems in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lun Yang ◽  
Moucheng Liu ◽  
Fei Lun ◽  
Qingwen Min ◽  
Canqiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Factor ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Livelihood Assets ◽  
Agricultural Knowledge ◽  
Agricultural Households ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dynamic Conservation

The livelihood of peasant households is one of the selection criteria of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems and a critical factor that affects agricultural heritage system conservation and inheritance. Taking the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces System (HHRTS) and Shexian Dryland Terraces System (SDTS) as examples, we investigated 304 households through a participatory rural appraisal method to discuss the livelihood assets and strategies of households in agricultural heritage systems. From the viewpoint of livelihood strategies, household strategies can be divided into pure agricultural, nonagricultural, and part-time agricultural strategies. The livelihood strategies of households in the HHRTS feature a higher proportion of nonagricultural, while those in the SDTS have a diverse distribution. With respect to livelihood assets, we constructed a livelihood assets accounting framework to highlight the important role of traditional culture and information technology in agricultural activities. The average livelihood assets value in the HHRTS and SDTS was 2.249 and 1.832, respectively. Then, applying the multinomial logit model, we quantitatively analyzed the relationship between livelihood assets and strategies. The results show that in both terrace systems, the understanding of traditional agricultural knowledge is important to suppress the shift of pure agricultural households to nonagricultural or part-time agricultural households. Therefore, in order to achieve dynamic conservation of terrace systems, it is necessary to effectively increase the cultural assets level of households, especially farmers’ understanding of traditional agricultural knowledge.

Population Size Effects in the Structural Development of England

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana M. Leukhina ◽  
Stephen J. Turnovsky
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Explicit Dependence ◽  
Employment Share

The English structural transformation from farming to manufacturing was accompanied by rapid technological change, expansion of trade, and massive population growth. While the roles of technology and trade in this process have been investigated, the literature has largely ignored the role of population growth. We examine population size effects on various aspects of structural development, characterizing their explicit dependence on preference-side and production-side characteristics of the economy, and trade. Our quantitative analysis of the English transformation assigns a major role to population growth, with especially notable contributions to post-1750 rise in the manufacturing employment share and the relative price dynamics. (JEL J11, N13, N33, N53, N63, O33)

scholarly journals Pronatalism: An Antithetical Value to Nigeria’s Reforms

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinyere C.P. Nnorom ◽  
Michael O.N. Kunnuji
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Present State ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
Beliefs And Practices

The Nigerian state is heterogeneous. Despite some very sharp differences, certain values are common to all parts of the country. This paper focuses on one of such values with a view to assessing its role in bringing the Nigerian society to its present state. The value of attention is the value of pronatalism, which is here defined as beliefs and practices which underlie preference for many children. It is unfortunate that the ongoing reforms in Nigeria disregard the role of the value of pronatalism in the decay they seek to undo. A question is raised: What role has the constancy of the value of pronatalism and the resultant surge in population size played in getting the nation into the present political predicament? The paper appraises the stance of government on population matters over the years and notes that the co-incidence of the ills of rapid population growth and non-responsive governance has, more than any other factor, contributed to the present state of socio-political deformation. Based on this diagnosis, therefore, it is advocated that a negation of the value of pronatalism be factored into the reforms, if they must work.

scholarly journals The role of population size in folk tune complexity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Street ◽  
Tuomas Eerola ◽  
Jeremy Kendal
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Cultural Complexity ◽  
Aesthetic Preference ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Relationship

A positive correlation between population size and cultural complexity is perhaps one of the most consistent findings in the field of cultural evolution. However, previous findings are largely based on studies of technology and are not necessarily generalisable across diverse cultural domains. We investigate the relationship between population size and complexity in music using Irish folk session tunes as a case study. Using analyses of a large online folk tune dataset, we show that tunes played by larger communities of musicians have diversified into a greater number of different versions but are intermediate in melodic complexity. These results suggest that while larger populations create more frequent opportunities for musical innovation, they encourage convergence upon intermediate levels of melodic complexity due to a widespread inverse U-shaped relationship between complexity and aesthetic preference. Our results show that the relationship between population size and cultural complexity is domain-dependent, rather than universal.

Senders’ Bias

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhiko Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Strategy Implementation ◽  
Value Sharing ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
Implementation Problem ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Threshold Point

As environmental change accelerates and future uncertainty increases, implementation of strategy inherently involves continuous adjustment and modification. To meet the need for further research on the critical role of communication, this article contributes to the literature by examining the relationship between communication and strategy implementation. I propose that senders’ bias, which refers to the overestimation of the quality of communication (i.e., degree of sharing) with organizational members by senders (i.e., top managers), is a fundamental implementation problem. Thus, top managers’ perceived degree of communication with organizational members is expected to have limited effects on the degree of value sharing and resulting effectiveness of strategy implementation up to a certain threshold point. Additionally, I argue that the relationship between top managers’ perceived degree of communication and strategy implementation are moderated by the type of communication (i.e., whether storytelling is used in the communication), communication medium (i.e., the use of e-mails), and top managers’ openness to the voices of organizational members. The idea of senders’ bias should provide insights into why many organizations struggle with strategy implementation.

scholarly journals Explaining the entrepreneurial intentions of employees: The roles of societal norms, work-related creativity and personal resources

2021 ◽  
pp. 026624262199661
Author(s):  
Poh Yen Ng ◽  
Dirk De Clercq
Keyword(s):  
Critical Factor ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Societal Norms ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Passion For Work

This article addresses the important question of why those in paid employment might be hesitant to start their own businesses. In particular, we predict how diminished work-related creativity of employees might mediate the relationship between their perceptions that societal norms do not support initiative taking and their own entrepreneurial intentions. In addition, we consider how risk tolerance and passion for work might buffer this process. Survey data, collected among public-sector employees in the United Arabic Emirates, confirm these predictions with the exception of indications for a buffering role of passion for work. For entrepreneurship stakeholders, this research reveals a critical factor – a diminished propensity to generate new ideas at work – by which employee beliefs about limited normative support for enterprising efforts may escalate into a reluctance to consider an entrepreneurial career. It also identifies how this process can be muted when employees are willing to take risks.

Human Rights, Population, and Climate Change

2020 ◽  
pp. 348-370
Author(s):  
Simon Caney
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Size ◽  
World Population ◽  
Reproductive Choice ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Address Climate Change ◽  
World Population Growth ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter explores the relationship between human rights, population and climate change. Some argue that to address climate change it is necessary to implement policies that reduce world population growth and perhaps also population size. This chapter examines two ways of approaching this issue, both of which focus on what human rights people have. One calls for limits on people's human right to reproductive choice. A second approach holds that respecting core human rights will be sufficient to tackle the demographic drivers of climate change. This chapter critically evaluates both accounts and proposes a third one that builds on the second approach but goes beyond it.

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