Pathological Alteration in Thymus of White Leg Horn Chicks during experimental Ascaridiasis

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the pharmacological effects of Portulaca oleracea L. (Purslane) (PL) on N-nitrosodiethylamine- (NDEA-) induced hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and explore its potential mechanism. Mice were randomly assigned to four groups: control group, NDEA group, NDEA + Purslane (100 mg/kg) group, and NDEA + Purslane (200 mg/kg) group. The animal of each group was given NDEA (100 ppm) in drinking water. 1 h later, Purslane dissolved in PBS was intragastrically administered for continuous seven days. The results showed that Purslane reduced the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in liver and serum. Purslane also reduced the contents of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) and restored the activity of superoxygen dehydrogenises (SOD) in serum. Purslane could obviously attenuate the hepatic pathological alteration. Furthermore, treatment with Purslane effectively inhibited the phosphorylations of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and inhibitor of NF-κBα (IκBα) and upregulated the expressions of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase- (HO-) 1. In conclusion, our research suggested that Purslane exhibited protective effects on NDEA-induced hepatocellular carcinomas by anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Nrf2/HO-1/NF-κB pathway.

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Mokko Lactone Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats: Emphasis on Sirt-1/FOXO1/NF-κB Axis

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13114142 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 4142

Author(s):

Alaa Sirwi ◽

Rasheed A. Shaik ◽

Abdulmohsin J. Alamoudi ◽

Basma G. Eid ◽

Ahmed K. Kammoun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Translocation ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Nuclear Factor Κb ◽

Glutathione Depletion ◽

Related Factor ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Pathological Alteration ◽

Enhanced Expression ◽

Factor Α ◽

Apoptotic Effects

Doxorubicin (DOX), a common chemotherapeutic agent, suffers serious adverse effects including hepatotoxicity. Mokko lactone (ML) is a guainolide sesquiterpene with promising biological activities. The study aimed to evaluate the protection offered by ML against hepatotoxicity induced by DOX in rats. Our data indicated ML exhibited protective effects as evidenced by ameliorating the rise in serum activities of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase. This was confirmed histologically as ML prevented DOX-induced pathological alteration in liver architecture. Further, ML administration significantly prevented malondialdehyde accumulation, glutathione depletion and superoxide dismutase and catalase exhaustion. Antioxidant action of ML was associated with enhanced expression of the nuclear translocation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and a lower expression of forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1). Also, ML showed potent anti-inflammatory activities highlighted by decreased expression of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). The anti-apoptotic effects of ML were associated with decreased Bax and enhanced Bcl-2 mRNA expression in liver tissues. ML caused a significant up-regulation in the expression of silent information regulator 1 (Sirt-1). Therefore, it can be concluded that ML prevents liver injury caused by DOX. This could partially be due to the ML regulatory activities on Sirt-1/FOXO1/NF-κB axis.

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Diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of physiological and pathological conditions of the uterus in cows postpartum

Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G Großtiere / Nutztiere ◽

10.1055/a-1525-9036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (04) ◽

pp. 229-233

Author(s):

Isatay Jakupov ◽

Zhanargul Karabayeva ◽

Aida Abultdinova

Keyword(s):

Dual Function ◽

New Device ◽

Black And White ◽

Pathological Alteration ◽

Uterine Involution ◽

Pathological Conditions ◽

New Instrument ◽

Early Diagnose ◽

Cattle Husbandry

Abstract Objective An important task of veterinarians in cattle husbandry is the early diagnosis of postpartum complications that can lead to infertility. The aim of the study was the evaluation of a new device to distinguish between physiological and pathological conditions of the uterus based on the determination of the time of uterine involution and the physicochemical properties of the vaginal discharge (lochia) during the first weeks after parturition. Material and methods A total of 173 black-and-white Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were examined for any pathological alteration of the uterine involution on days 1–2, 6–8, 11–14 postpartum and, in case of pathological findings, additionally on days 18–22, 23–27 and 28–30 after parturition. In addition to the standard examination a newly developed hand-held instrument (“Metrastatum”) was used to differentiate between physiological and pathological uterine involution. It allows determination of the distance between the cervix and vulva (DCV) and simultaneous collection of lochial secretions. Results The best time to use the new instrument was 10–16 days postpartum. In healthy cows without disturbed puerperium, the average DCV was 25.7 cm (± 0.8 cm) in this phase. This distance decreased by 12.5 ± 0.3 cm compared to the first days. In contrast, in cows with postpartum problems, the DCV was significantly greater at (31 ± 0.7 cm) (p < 0.001). In these animals, the AGV was reduced only by an average of 8.4 ± 0.6 cm when compared to the first days. The mucus obtained with the dome-shaped rubber funnel of the instrument also differed in the cows of the 2 groups. In healthy cows without puerperal problems, the lochia were thick, colorless, transparent and sometimes cloudy. In case of puerperal disorders, the discharge was thin, light red to reddish brown, contained flakes and had a nasty odor depending on the form of the inflammation. Conclusion The dual function of device helps to early diagnose puerperal disorders in cows and to select healthy animals for reproduction and sick cows for treatment depending on the form of uterine inflammation.

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Notch3 Mutation Detection in Stroke Patients and Selective Nanoliposome in Stroke Alleviation in a Mouse Model

Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jbn.2021.3142 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 1735-1744

Author(s):

Yanxia Wang ◽

Xinmeng Li ◽

Ying Liu ◽

Wenjing Guo ◽

Jiangpo Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Control Group ◽

Stroke Therapy ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Brain Vessels ◽

Stroke Treatment ◽

Pathological Alteration ◽

Notch3 Mutation ◽

Long Term Prognosis

This study analyzed the correlation between the Notch3 mutation and stroke by testing an effective nanoparticle-loaded aspirin in stroke therapy. Fifty patients with ischemic stroke were followed for two years, and fifty healthy persons served as the control group. By RT-PCR, this study revealed that the Notch3 mutation existed in ischemic stroke patients who were more likely to have a family history, small vessel lesions, relatively frequent cerebral hemorrhage, and poor long-term prognosis. Liposome-aspirin-chitosan nanoparticle (LACN) was constructed as a nano-composite for stroke treatment. Notch3 Arg170Cys knock-in mice were prepared as a mutant Notch3 mouse model to test the LACN infiltration efficiency and observe the anti-stroke capacity. We found that LACN could better transport aspirin into brain vessels than the Polyethyleneimine (PEI) delivery system. However, in the Notch3 mutation mouse model, cerebral infarction and hemorrhage often occurred after being treated with aspirin. Still, LACN better prolongs the half-life of aspirin, rescues the pathological alteration of stroke in the brain, and reduces inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress response. In conclusion, the Notch3 mutation is closely related to stroke occurrence, and LACN may be a better choice for stroke therapy in the future.

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Induced gene transcription: implications for biomarkers

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/41.12.1829 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 41 (12) ◽

pp. 1829-1834 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

C H Sewall ◽

D A Bell ◽

G C Clark ◽

A M Tritscher ◽

D B Tully ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Transcription ◽

Target Genes ◽

Northern Analysis ◽

Critical Event ◽

Gene Transcript ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Vitro Assay ◽

Pathological Alteration ◽

Cytochrome P 450

Abstract Numerous xenobiotics regulate cellular functions by altering transcription of target genes. Use of sensitive and specific biomarkers based on gene transcript levels may help clarify the shape of the dose-response curve in the low-dose region associated with human exposures to environmental concentrations of chemicals. We have quantified gene transcription induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in both animal models and humans with the use of Northern analysis and PCR-based methods. In addition, we describe a rapid and sensitive in vitro assay that we have used to screen chemicals and biological samples for their ability to alter gene transcription. Whereas some of the endpoints in our studies such as cytochrome P-450 1A1 are predictive indicators of exposure and dose, other gene responses such as growth factors are more complex and represent a critical event, progression, or adaptation to a pathological alteration. In conclusion, measurement of toxicant-induced gene transcription will contribute to the usefulness of biomarkers in addressing issues of human health and environmentally induced disease.

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Prevalence and Pathology of Trichomonas gallinae in Domestic Pigeon (Columba livia domestica) of Assam, India

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-3805 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

M. Saikia ◽

K. Bhattacharjee ◽

P.C. Sarmah ◽

D.K. Deka ◽

T.N. Upadhyaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Columba Livia ◽

Geographic Region ◽

Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽

Cell Hyperplasia ◽

Trichomonas Gallinae ◽

Pathological Alteration ◽

Granulomatous Lesions ◽

Staining Methods ◽

One Year ◽

The One

Background: Trichomonas gallinae is a flagellated protozoa, infects the upper digestive system of pigeon and causing a condition called canker, characterized by development of granulomatous lesions in the buccal cavity, crop, proventriculus, gizzard and liver of affected birds causing mortality upto 90% in squabs. Systemic research on prevalence and pathology of T. gallinae in pigeons are scant in India. The present work was carried out to document the prevalence and pathology of T. gallinae in pigeons of Assam.Methods: During the one- year study period, throat swab samples were collected from households, market places and temple premises in 4 districts of Assam. A total of 324 birds were examined by wet mount and Giemsa staining methods for detection of T. gallinae. Naturally died carcasses were studied for gross and histopathological alteration in different organs.Result: In the present study prevalence of T. gallinae was found 26.85% and squabs were highly susceptible with 56.25 percent. Sex wise, comparatively higher prevalence was observed in females (33.54%) than in the males (20.48%). Seasonality study revealed highest prevalence during winter. Gross pathological alteration characterized by yellowish white caseo-necrotic haemorrhagic lesion in the upper digestive tract beginning with the oral cavity and lesions also found in liver and lungs. Histopathological alteration also recorded in different organs. In the liver sinusoidal congestion and kupffer cell hyperplasia were observed. Infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in the thickened inter alveolar space of lungs also recorded. Further study is required to identify the prevalent strains of T. gallinae on the basis of pathogenicity in this geographic region and immunology of T. gallinae in pigeons and other hosts remain to be explored.

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Pathological Alteration Of Forkhead Box O3a (FOXO3a) Activity Confers Highly Proliferative IPF Phenotype

10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a2703 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Richard Nho

Keyword(s):

Pathological Alteration ◽

Forkhead Box ◽

Forkhead Box O3a

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Otopathology in a Case of Type I Waardenburg's Syndrome

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348940111000913 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 110 (9) ◽

pp. 875-882 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Saumil N. Merchant ◽

Michael J. McKenna ◽

Aubrey Milunsky ◽

Clinton T. Baldwin ◽

Joseph B. Nadol

Keyword(s):

Neural Crest ◽

Ganglion Cells ◽

Stria Vascularis ◽

Spiral Ganglion ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Tectorial Membrane ◽

Type I ◽

Dark Cells ◽

Pathological Alteration ◽

Microscopic Studies

We report a case of type I Waardenburg's syndrome that provides insight into the etiopathogenesis of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in this syndrome. The subject, a 76-year-old woman with type I Waardenburg's syndrome (dystopia canthorum, heterochromia irides, and white hair), had congenital low-frequency SNHL in her right ear only, which had remained relatively stable throughout her life. Blood leukocyte DNA studies revealed a PAX-3 mutation with a 1 base pair C-to-A substitution in exon 5 at base 602. Light microscopic studies of the right cochlea showed intact neurosensory structures in only the lower basal turn, with the remainder of the cochlea showing absence of melanocytes, absence of stria vascularis, missing hair cells, dysmorphogenesis of the tectorial membrane, and lack of peripheral processes of the spiral ganglion cells. There was pathological alteration of the vestibular dark cells with marked reduction of melanocytes associated with these dark cells. The left inner ear was normal, with a full complement of neurosensory structures, including melanocytes. Because the PAX-3 gene is involved in neural crest development and melanocytes migrate from the neural crest to the ear, the findings in this case are consistent with the hypothesis that defective melanocyte migration or defective melanocyte function results in defective development of the stria vascularis (and perhaps other structures of the ear). leading to SNHL.

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Keperawatan Pasien Berpenyakit Kronis

Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia ◽

10.7454/jki.v1i2.75 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 45-50

Author(s):

Elly Nurachmah

Keyword(s):

Chronic Illness ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Nursing Practice ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Care Providers ◽

Term Care ◽

Caring Behavior ◽

Pathological Alteration ◽

Factors Influencing

Keperawatan merupakan falsafah mendasar praktik keperawatan. Dikembangkan oleh Watson (1985), keperawatan terdiri atas 10 faktor karatif yang menganjurkan perawat memberikan asuhan keperawatan paripurna kepada para pasien sehubung dengan kondisi penyakit mereka, termasuk pasien berpenyakit kronis. Penyakit kronis ialah penyakit yang karena cirri-cirinya membutuhkan perawatan jangka panjang. Biasanya disebabkan oleh perubhan patologi yang “irreversible” dimana mengarahkan kemampuan seseorang karena kegagalan fungsi tubuh. Penyakit kronis menciptakan banyak masalah tidak hanya pada individu dan keluarga tetapi juga pada pemberi pelayanan kesehatan termasuk perawat. Mereka harus “hidup” dengan pasien dari hari ke hari dan mengatasinya. Mereka berada pada status kematian yang datangnya tidak dapat diperkirakan dengan tepat. Perawat merasa putus asa terhadap prognosa penyakit menyebabkan mereka sulit merawat pasien berpenyakit kronis. Hal ini juga merupakan salah satu alasan mengapa perawat tidak mampu memperlihatkan perilaku merawat seperti yang dikatakan Watson. Artikel ini mencoba menguraikan teori merawat berdasarkan kasih sayang, factor yang mempengaruhi perawat dalam merawat, dan alasan pemberian perawatan pada pasien berpenyakit kronis dengan menggunakan sikap merawat yang tepat. Caring is a fundamental philosophy of nursing practice. It was developed by Watson (1985). It consist of ten carrative factors that allow nurses to provide a comprehensive nursing care to patients regardless of their condition of illness including patients with chronic illness. Chronic illness is a variety of illness that because of its characteristic needs long term care. It is usually caused by non-reversible pathological alteration that lead to incapacity of a person due to impairment of body function. Chronic illness has created many problems not only for individuals and families but also for health care providers including nurses. They have to “live” with the patient day to day and cope with it. Following the chronicity of disease, death will come unpredictably. Nurses feel a sense of hopelessness with regard to the prognosis that make them difficult to care for individuals with chronic illness. This is also one of the reasons why nurses are unable to demonstrate caring behavior as stated by Watson. This article attempts to describe about theory of caring, factors influencing nurses caring behavior, and reasons to provide care to patients with chronic illness using appropriate caring behavior.

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