scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF INDUSTRIAL MATERIAL FLOW PRODUCED BY „DEVNYA CEMENT“AD FOR REMEDIATION OF ACID SPILS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2/2021) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Svetla Marinova ◽  
Elena Zlatareva
Keyword(s):  
Material Flow ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Acidic Properties ◽  
Industrial Material ◽  
Consumption Rates

The issues of acidity and liming of soils were raised in Bulgaria more than 60-70 years ago. „Devnya Cement“ produces the Restart product, as an integral part of the process in the installation of cement clinker in a dry way and contains a high amount of calcium oxide (lime material). The aim of the study is to establish the effect of the studied product RESTART and possibilities for its use as an ameliorant on acid soils. A vegetation experiment was performed with a test crops of corn with different percentages of ameliorant. The chemical and physico-mechanical parameters of the treated soil were studied and the changes in the degree of soil acidity were established. Preliminary consumption rates of the ameliorant have been determined, when it is used for amelioration of acid soils. The chemical characteristics of the plant samples show, that the values of the chemical elements are in optimal concentrations and cannot have a harmful effect, when used as animal feed. To correct the acidity of soils with similar acidic properties as in the Devnya region, it may be recommended to apply about 1-2t/daa of the studied ameliorant.

EFFECTS OF SOIL ACIDITY ON RHIZOBIA NUMBERS, NODULATION AND NITROGEN FIXATION BY ALFALFA AND RED CLOVER

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. RICE ◽  
D. C. PENNEY ◽  
M. NYBORG
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

The effects of soil acidity on nitrogen fixation by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were investigated in field experiments at 28 locations, and in greenhouse experiments using soils from these locations. The pH of the soils (limed and unlimed) varied from 4.5 to 7.2. Rhizobia populations in the soil, nodulation, and relative forage yields (yield without N/yield with N) were measured in both the field and greenhouse experiments. Rhizobium meliloti numbers, nodulation scores, and relative yields of alfalfa decreased sharply as the pH of the soils decreased below 6.0. For soils with pH 6.0 or greater, there was very little effect of pH on any of the above factors for alfalfa. Soil pH in the range studied had no effect on nodulation scores and relative yields of red clover. However, R. trifolii numbers were reduced when the pH of the soil was less than 4.9. These results demonstrate that hydrogen ion concentration is an important factor limiting alfalfa growth on acid soils of Alberta and northeastern British Columbia, but it is less important for red clover. This supports the continued use of measurements of soil pH, as well as plant-available Al and Mn for predicting crop response to lime.

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SOIL ACIDITY PROBLEM IN ALBERTA AND NORTHEASTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. PENNEY ◽  
M. NYBORG ◽  
P. B. HOYT ◽  
W. A. RICE ◽  
B. SIEMENS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Crop Species

The amount of cultivated acid soil in Alberta and northeastern British Columbia was estimated from pH values of farm samples analyzed by the Alberta Soil Testing Laboratory, and the effect of soil acidity on crops was assessed from field experiments on 28 typical acid soils. The field experiments consisted of two cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and one cultivar each of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown with and without lime for 2 yr. There are about 30,000 ha of soils with a pH of 5.0 or less where soil acidity seriously restricts yields of all four crop species. There are approximately 300,000 ha with a soil pH of 5.1–5.5 where liming will on the average increase yields of alfalfa by 100%, yields of barley by 10–15%, and yields of rapeseed and red clover by 5–10%. There are a further 1,600,000 ha where soil pH ranges from 5.6 to 6.0 and liming will increase yields of alfalfa by approximately 50% and yields of barley, rapeseed and red clover by at least 4–5%.

Soil properties in relation to the occurrence of grass sickness in horses

1941 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Grass Sickness ◽  
Geological Origin ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Plant ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Pasture Plants

Any conclusions drawn from the foregoing results will of course apply only to the necessarily limited range of soils in one county. This range is limited geologically and the Aberdeenshire soils belong largely to the class of light to medium acid soils of low base status. The results for these soils indicate that:(a) The occurrence of grass sickness is not confined to soils of any particular geological origin.(b) The range of textural conditions in the soils examined is a wide one covering loams, sands and peaty types with a few moderately heavy soils. There does not appear to be any relationship between soil texture and the incidence of grass sickness.(c) The soils examined all fall into the class of acid soils and in only a very few—about 5 to 10%—could the addition of lime be considered unnecessary from the general agricultural point of view. As against this there are no striking abnormalities in the ratios of exchangeable or readily soluble cations in the soils, which might serve as a clue to the occurrence of grass sickness. Although little is known of the actual magnesium, manganese and strontium requirements of hay and pasture plants, the range of values covered in the soils examined is sufficiently wide to make it very unlikely that there is any relationship between the incidence of grass sickness and the magnesium, manganese or strontium contents of the soil. In view of the relatively widespread acidity in the soils examined, the possibility of a relationship between the occurrence of grass sickness and soil acidity has to be borne in mind. It would be of value to find out if grass sickness occurs to an appreciable extent on limestone soils, or on soils which have been systematically limed and which have pK values in the neighbourhood of 7.(d) The majority of the soils are, from the general agricultural point of view, somewhat low in readily soluble or available potash and phosphate, but against this about 30% of the soils have satisfactory phosphate contents and about 20% of the ordinary surface soils and 46% of the top 2 in. samples, in which occur the bulk of the plant roots, have satisfactory potash contents. It does not appear likely therefore that the occurrence of grass sickness is to be related directly to the phosphate and potash contents of the soil. As far as reserves of the common plant foods are concerned there is likewise no abnormality which could account for the disease.

scholarly journals How to measure food loss and waste? A material flow analysis application

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Amicarelli ◽  
Christian Bux ◽  
Giovanni Lagioia
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Material Flow ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Material Flow Analysis ◽  
Potato Industry ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Food Loss

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to measure food loss and waste by material flow analysis (MFA) tool. Applying this methodology, the authors estimate wastage-related losses and discuss opportunities for more circular and sustainable practices in the Italian potato industry.Design/methodology/approachMFA is applied to two specific typologies as follows: ready-to-eat (chips) and dried potato products produced in Italy. The analysis refers to the year 2017 as the complete dataset useful for this study includes measurements until this year. A bottom-up and top-down mixed approach is applied, and functional unit refers to 1 t of potatoes consumed as final product.FindingsMFA is applied to quantify and qualify material balance associated with 1 t of potatoes consumed as final product. In Italy, in 2017, more than 22,000 t of fresh tubers were lost, including 3,500–4,800 t of starch, equivalent to 52,800–72,600 GJs. Moreover, fewer than 23,000 t of skins and scraps were produced within industrial plants, not available for food but suitable for animal feed (dry skins are an excellent carbohydrates source in cattle and poultry feed), starch industry and bioenergy production (biogas and/or bioethanol).Originality/valueThis research is one of the few studies proposing MFA methodology as a tool to measure food waste. This analysis shows its utility in terms of food waste quality/quantity evaluation, supporting both company management and policymakers.

scholarly journals Fertility Status of Acid Soils under Different Land Use Types in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mesfin Kassa Cholbe ◽  
Fassil Kebede Yeme ◽  
Wassie Haile Woldeyohannes
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Land Use Type ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Land Use Types

Information on soil fertility status of acid soil of a particular area as affected by land use type is important for developing sound soil management systems for improved and sustainable agricultural productivity. The main objective of this study was to assess the fertility status and effect of land use change on soil physicochemical properties. In this study, adjacent three land use types, namely, enset-coffee, crop, and grazing land use were considered in four districts (i.e., Bolos Sore, Damot Gale, Damot Sore, and Sodo Zuria) of Wolaita Zone, southern Ethiopia. Soil samples were collected from a depth of 0–20 cm from each land use type of the respective districts for physicochemical analyses. The results showed that land use types significantly affected ( P ≤ 0.05 ) soil properties such as bulk density, available P, exchangeable potassium, exchangeable acidity, exchangeable bases (Na, K, Ca, Mg), exchangeable acidity, and CEC. Besides, soil pH, OC, and TN were influenced significantly ( P ≤ 0.05 ) both by districts and land use types. The very strongly acidic soils were found predominantly in the crop and grazing lands whereas a neutral acidity level was found in the enset-coffee land use type of four districts. In conclusion, the study proves that land use type change within the same geographic setting can affect the severity of soil acidity due to over cultivation and rapid organic matter decomposition. Finally, the study recommends an in-depth study and analysis on the root causes in aggravating soil acidity under crop and grazing land use types.

Effect of the Germinating Seed Environment on Crop Yields. I. Effect of Soil Acidity at Germination on Yields of Sweet Clover and Alfalfa

1983 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Haller
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Neutral Medium ◽  
Sweet Clover ◽  
Germination Stage

SUMMARYThe dependence of yields of sweet clover and alfalfa on environmental conditions, including soil acidity, at the germination stage has been studied over a period of 28 years. Results have been dramatic: sweet clover and alfalfa can grow well and produce large yields even on strongly acid soils (pHKCl 4.0) providing that the process of germination starts in a neutral medium.

Use of an industrial by-product as a liming source

1969 ◽  
Vol 78 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 73-86
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Muñoz ◽  
Lourdes Peña ◽  
Julia M. O’Hallorans
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Acetylene Production

Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2], a by-product of the acetylene production process, is a potential liming source for acid agricultural soils. The material as generated has a moisture content of 80%, which decreases to about 50% after settling in a collecting pond. Air dried Ca(OH)2 (2.63% moisture), ground to pass a 300 µm sieve, had a CaCO3 equivalent of 120%, Commercial CaCO3 (1.53% moisture) had a pure CaCO3 equivalent of 84%. Both liming sources were evaluated in laboratory incubation studies using four acid soils; Corozal clay (Ultisol), Mariana (Inceptisol), Bayamón (Oxisol) and Alonso (Ultisol). The industrial waste [Ca(OH)2] was as effective as CaCO3 in neutralizing soil acidity. An application of 8.0 meq/100g of both liming sources increased the pH of Mariana soil from 4.65 to 6.07, Corozal soil from 4.13 to 4.92 and Alonso soil from 4.74 to 6.48. The pH of Bayamón soil increased from 4.39 to 6.65 with the application of 8.0 meq of CaCO3; however, the same amount of Ca(OH)2 increased the pH to 6.92. Exchangeable Al3+ levels were close to zero in Mariana, Bayamón and Alonso soils at pH values between 6.0-6.3. Exchangeable Al3+ in Coroza! soil decreased from 934.37 mg/kg to 269.79 mg/kg as the pH increased from 4.13 to 4.92. in a short term incubation experiment (5 days), Ca(OH)2 reacted faster than CaCO3 to neutralize soil acidity. Samples of Mariana, Alonso and Bayamón soils treated with 8.0 meq/100g of Ca(OH)2 reached pH values around 6,00 after one day of incubation, whereas CaCO3-treated samples reached similar pH values only after the second or third day of incubation.

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