scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FOR TECHNOLOGICAL PREPARATION OF ARTEMIA (ARTEMIA) ARTIFICIAL CULTIVATION IN SALT LAKES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (338) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
A. V. Ubaskin ◽  
K. I. Akhmetov ◽  
A. I. Lunkov ◽  
N. T. Yerzhanov ◽  
T. Zh. Abylkhassanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Optimal Salinity ◽  
Technological Preparation ◽  
Standard Solution ◽  
Artemia Cysts ◽  
Hatching Rates ◽  
Artificial Cultivation

An integral part of the technological preparation of artificial cultivation of brine shrimp in saline water is a set of preliminary experimental work to assess the quality of cysts. It has been shown that during the winter period, activation of Artemia cysts occurs from the initial hatching values of 5-10 % to 72-99 %. The most optimal salinity range for hatching nauplii is a salinity of 20-30 g/l. With an increase in salinity above these indicators, hatching decreases. The size of hatching of Artemia depends on the salinity of a natural reservoir. In reservoirs with salinity of 50-80 g / l, higher hatching rates were obtained than with salinity of 150-160 g/l. Higher hatching rates are observed when using natural lake water for incubation. During incubation of cysts in a standard solution and fixed salinity and temperature conditions, the development rate of various stages of nauplii from the beginning of the opening of cysts (breaking stage) and pre-nauplius to active nauplii is shown. After 1.5–2 h after the mass appearance of pre-nauplii, they completely change into the nauplius stage.

scholarly journals Effects of Various Quantities of Three Irrigation Water Types on Yield and Fruit Quality of ‘Succary’ Date Palm

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Mattar ◽  
Said S. Soliman ◽  
Rashid S. Al-Obeed
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Water Types ◽  
Palm Trees

A field experiment was conducted on date palm trees (Phoenix dactylifera ‘Succary’) cultivated on sandy loam soil from 2017 to 2018. This study investigated the effects of providing water of three different qualities, namely freshwater (FR) and two saline water sources: reclaimed wastewater (RW) and well-water (WE) applied through three irrigation levels representing 50% (I50), 100% (I100), and 150% (I150) of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), on the soil water and salt distribution patterns, yield, water productivity (WP), and fruit quality of the ′Succary′ date palm. The electrical conductivity (ECw) of FR, RW, and WE were 0.18, 2.06, and 3.94 dS m−1, respectively. Results showed that WE applied by the I150 treatment had the highest soil water content, followed by RW used in the I100 irrigation level and FR with I50, whereas the soil salt content was high for WE applied in the I50 level and low for FR applied by the I150 treatment. Deficit irrigation (I50) of date palms with either RW or WE reduced date yields on average 86 kg per tree, whereas the yield increased under over-irrigation (I150) with FR to 123.25 kg per tree. High WP values were observed in the I50 treatments with FR, RW, or WE (on average 1.82, 1.68, and 1.67 kg m−3, respectively), whereas the I150 treatment with each of the three water types showed the lowest WP values. Fruit weight and size were the lowest in the full irrigation (I100) with WE, whereas the I150 treatment with RW showed the highest values. There were no significant differences in either total soluble solids (TSS) or acidity values when the irrigation level decreased from 100% to 50% ETc. Compared with both I50 and I100 treatments, reduced values of both TSS and acidity were observed in the I150 treatment when ECw decreased from 3.94 to 0.18 dS m−1,. Fruit moisture content decreased with the application of saline irrigation water (i.e., RW or WE). Total sugar and non-reducing sugar contents in fruits were found to be decreased in the combination of RW and I150, whereas the 50% ETc irrigation level caused an increment in both parameters. These results suggest that the application of deficit irrigation to date palm trees grown in arid regions, either with FR or without it, can sufficiently maximize WP and improve the quality of fruits but negatively affects yield, especially when saline water is applied. The use of saline water for irrigation may negatively affect plants because of salt accumulation in the soil in the long run.

scholarly journals Osmoadaptation Strategy of the Most Halophilic Fungus, Wallemia ichthyophaga, Growing Optimally at Salinities above 15% NaCl

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janja Zajc ◽  
Tina Kogej ◽  
Erwin A. Galinski ◽  
José Ramos ◽  
Nina Gunde-Cimerman
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Osmotic Shock ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Optimal Salinity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Specific Growth Rates ◽  
Optimum Salinity

ABSTRACTWallemia ichthyophagais a fungus from the ancient basidiomycetous genusWallemia(Wallemiales, Wallemiomycetes) that grows only at salinities between 10% (wt/vol) NaCl and saturated NaCl solution. This obligate halophily is unique among fungi. The main goal of this study was to determine the optimal salinity range for growth of the halophilicW. ichthyophagaand to unravel its osmoadaptation strategy. Our results showed that growth on solid growth media was extremely slow and resulted in small colonies. On the other hand, in the liquid batch cultures, the specific growth rates ofW. ichthyophagawere higher, and the biomass production increased with increasing salinities. The optimum salinity range for growth ofW. ichthyophagawas between 15 and 20% (wt/vol) NaCl. At 10% NaCl, the biomass production and the growth rate were by far the lowest among all tested salinities. Furthermore, the cell wall content in the dry biomass was extremely high at salinities above 10%. Our results also showed that glycerol was the major osmotically regulated solute, since its accumulation increased with salinity and was diminished by hypo-osmotic shock. Besides glycerol, smaller amounts of arabitol and trace amounts of mannitol were also detected. In addition,W. ichthyophagamaintained relatively small intracellular amounts of potassium and sodium at constant salinities, but during hyperosmotic shock, the amounts of both cations increased significantly. Given our results and the recent availability of the genome sequence,W. ichthyophagashould become well established as a novel model organism for studies of halophily in eukaryotes.

The Effect of Several Polymers on the Phase Behavior of Micellar Fluids

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (06) ◽  
pp. 816-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Pope ◽  
Kerming Tsaur ◽  
Robert S. Schechter ◽  
Ben Wang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Lower Phase ◽  
Optimal Salinity ◽  
Rich Phase ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Phase Systems ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Abstract We made static measurements of the phase volumes of mixtures of surfactant, polymer, alcohol, water, oil, sodium chloride, and in some cases polymer additives. We also made a limited number of viscosity, phase concentration, and interfacial tension (IFT) measurements. The purpose was to determine systematically the effect of various polymers on the phase behavior of various surfactant formulations. We made measurements with and without oil (n-octane and n-octane/benzene mixtures) across a range of salinity appropriate to the particular surfactant at temperatures between 24 and 75 degrees C. Introduction The oil-free (i.e., no added oil) solutions showed a characteristic phase separation into an aqueous surfactant-rich phase and an aqueous polymer-rich phase at some sufficiently high salinity (NaCl concentration), which we call the critical electrolyte concentration (CEC). The CEC was found to be a characteristic of a given surfactant/alcohol combination that shifts with the solubility of the surfactant qualitatively the same way as does the optimal salinity: but the CEC was found independent of the polymer type, polymer concentration (between the 100- and 1,000-ppm limits investigated), and surfactant concentration. The CEC increases with increasing temperature for the anionic surfactants and decreases with increasing temperature for the nonionic surfactants. When oil was added to the mixtures, an entirely different pattern of phase behavior was observed. As salinity increases, the particular formulations form the typical sequence of lower-phase microemulsion and excess oil, middle-phase microemulsion. excess oil, and excess brine: and upper-phase microemulsion and excess brine. The sequence with polymer was precisely the same over most of the salinity range but deviated over a limited range of salinity; the three-phase region simply shifted a small distance to the left on the salinity scale. Also, and probably more significantly, some of the aqueous phases in the critical region of the shift (which is also just above oil-free CEC salinity) were found to be gel-like in nature. These apparently occur under conditions such that the polymer concentration in the excess brine of the three-phase systems becomes very high because almost all the polymer is always in the brine phase, even when the brine phase is very small. Thus an overall 1,000 ppm of polymer easily can be concentrated to 10,000 ppm or more. One of the most remarkable aspects of the phase behavior of the surfactant/polymer systems is that the same patterns are observed for all combinations of anionic and nonionic surfactants and polymers. Also, little difference was observed in the IFT values with and without polymer. The three-phase systems still exhibited ultralow IFT values. Obviously, significant differences did occur in the brine viscosities when polymer was added. The polymer-free mixtures were themselves quite viscous, however, and the viscosity of the oil-free surfactant-rich phases (above the CEC) was significantly higher when the phases were in equilibrium with a polymer-rich aqueous phase, even though they apparently contained almost no polymer. We found that the polymer-rich phases had normal viscosities, as judged by the same polymer in the same brine at the expected concentration, assuming all the polymer was in the polymer-rich phase. The effect of polymer on the systems with oil was to increase the viscosity of the water-rich phase only, with little effect on the microemulsion phase unless it was the water-rich phase. SPEJ P. 816^

scholarly journals Formation of ‘Crioula’ guava rootstock under saline water irrigation and nitrogen doses

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro de P. Souza ◽  
Reginaldo G. Nobre ◽  
Evandro M. da Silva ◽  
Geovani S. de Lima ◽  
Francisco W. A. Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Saline Water Irrigation ◽  
N Dose

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to evaluate the growth and formation of fresh and dry weight of ‘Crioula’ guava rootstock irrigated with waters of different saline levels and nitrogen (N) doses, in an experiment conducted in plastic tubes under greenhouse conditions. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme with four replicates, and the treatments consisted of five levels of water electrical conductivity - ECw (0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7 and 3.5 dS m-1) and four N doses (70, 100, 130 and 160% of the N dose recommended for the cultivation of guava seedlings, cv. ‘Paluma’). The dose referring to 100% corresponds to 773 mg of N dm-3. The highest growth of ‘Crioula’ guava rootstock was obtained with ECw of 0.3 dS m-1 and fertilization of 541.1 mg N dm-3 of soil; increasing N doses did not reduce the deleterious effect of the salt stress on the growth and phytomass formation of ‘Crioula’ guava rootstock; irrigation with water of up to 1.75 dS m-1, in the production of guava rootstocks, promotes acceptable reduction of 10% in growth and quality of the seedlings.

An evaluation of beef carcass quality 2. Influence of variation in grazing intensity and the level of barley supplementation with silage on the carcass and meat quality of Friesian steers

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-237
Author(s):  
C. E. Hinks ◽  
J. H. D. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Carcass Quality

SUMMARYTwo experiments concerning the effects, on the carcass and meat characteristics of 18-months-old Friesian steers, of variation in grazing intensity and the level of barley feeding with silage are reported.Groups of 12 steers were grazed at different intensities over 5-month grazing periods, such that live-weight differences of 38 kg and 16 kg were recorded at housing. No compensatory growth was recorded during the subsequent winter feeding period.Whilst the grazing treatments had little effect on carcass or meat quality, higher levels of barley feeding with silage over the winter period (710 v. 410 kg/steer) had significant effects on live-weight gain, and increased carcass weight by 21 kg at slaughter. The higher yield of carcass weight was reflected in significant differences in carcass composition, joint proportions and retail cut-out value. Sixty per cent of the carcass weight difference was removed as trim fat. Differences in carcass fatness were not associated with any differences in eating quality.

Evaluation of Uncertainty for the Determination of Magnesium Oxide Content in Limestone by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

2014 ◽  
Vol 707 ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
Xiang Dong Wen ◽  
Zheng Zhou ◽  
Wen Yang Pan ◽  
Mei Shao
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Standard Solution ◽  
The Mathematical Model

According to GB/T3286.1-2012(The determination of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide content in limestone and dolomite), the mathematical model of magnesium oxide content determination in limestone by atomic absorption spectrometry was established. The various uncertainty factors of different elements for a sample were discussed and compared in the testing process. The confidence interval for the measurement result was (0.74±0.03)%,k=2 in uncertainty evaluation .The results showed that the variability of working curve and accuracy of standard solution volume for working curve were main influence factors of uncertainty. It could effectively reduce the uncertainty from the perspective of the main factors,and improve the quality of analysis.

scholarly journals ARRANJO ESPACIAL E PODA NA PRODUÇÃO E QUALIDADE QUÍMICA DE MARACUJÁ IRRIGADO COM ÁGUA SALINA

Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-561
Author(s):  
RAFAEL RAMOS MORAIS ◽  
JOÃO PAULO SILVA MACÊDO ◽  
LOURIVAL FERREIRA CAVALCANTE ◽  
JACKSON TEIXEIRA LOBO ◽  
ANTÔNIO GUSTAVO LUNA SOUTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Solids Content

ARRANJO ESPACIAL E PODA NA PRODUÇÃO E QUALIDADE QUÍMICA DE MARACUJÁ IRRIGADO COM ÁGUA SALINA     RAFAEL RAMOS MORAIS1; JOÃO PAULO SILVA MACÊDO2; LOURIVAL FERREIRA CAVALCANTE3; JACKSON TEIXEIRA LOBO1; ANTÔNIO GUSTAVO LUNA SOUTO1 E EVANDRO FRANKLIN MESQUITA4   1 Programa de pós-graduação em Agronomia, Departamento de Fitotecnia e Ciências Ambientais do Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB 079, SN, Km 12, 58.397-000, Areia, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected]; [email protected], [email protected]. 2 Empresa Paraibana de Pesquisa, Extensão Rural e Regularização Fundiária, Rodovia BR 230, S/N, Km 13, Morada Nova, 58.108-502, Cabedelo, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected]. 3 Professor do Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB 079, S/N, Km 12, 58.397-000, Areia, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected]. 4 Professor do Centro de Ciências Humanas e Agrárias, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Sitio Cajueiro, S/N, Zona Rural, 58.884-000, Catolé do Rocha, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected].     1 RESUMO   Um experimento foi desenvolvido no município de Coronel Ezequiel, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, para avaliar os efeitos da densidade de plantio e poda da haste principal em plantas de maracujazeiro amarelo, acesso Guinezinho, sob irrigação com água salina de 3,4 dS m-1. Os tratamentos, com distância de 2,0 m entre linhas, foram distribuídos em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições de 12 plantas por parcela, em esquema fatorial 4 × 2, correspondente as distâncias de 3, 6, 9 e 12 m entre plantas nas linhas com e sem poda da haste principal, ao atingir o sistema de sustentação. Os componentes avaliados foram número de frutos colhidos, produção por planta, produtividade e na polpa dos frutos, os valores de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, pH e a relação sólidos solúveis/ acidez titulável. A interação entre os fatores estudados exerceu efeitos significativos no número de frutos colhidos, produção por planta, teor de sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável. A produtividade foi influenciada pelos dois fatores de forma isolada. O pH da polpa respondeu apenas ao espaçamento entre plantas nas linhas e a relação SS/AT não foi influenciada por nenhuma das fontes de variação estudadas. O aumento das distâncias de plantio nas linhas promove ganho de produção por planta, mas reduz a produtividade. Plantas podadas na haste principal apresentam maior produtividade. A irrigação com água de qualidade restritiva à agricultura não inibiu a capacidade produtiva do maracujazeiro amarelo acesso Guinezinho e não prejudicou a qualidade química dos frutos.   Palavras-chave: acesso Guinezinho, densidade de plantio, Passiflora edulis Sims.     MORAIS, R. R.; MACÊDO, J. P. S.; CAVALCANTE, L. F.; LOBO, J. T.; SOUTO, A. G. L.; MESQUITA, E. F. SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT AND PRUNING IN THE PRODUCTION AND CHEMICAL QUALITY OF YELLOW PASSIONFRUIT IRRIGATED WITH SALINE WATER       2 ABSTRACT   An experiment was carried out in  Coronel Ezequiel municipality, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, to evaluate the effects of planting density and pruning of the main stem on yellow passion fruit plants access Guinezinho under irrigation with saline water (3.4 dS m-1). The treatments, with inter-row distance of 2 m, were distributed in randomized blocks, with four replications of 12 plants per plot, in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to intra-row distances of 3, 6, 9 and 12 m for plants with and without pruned main stem, upon reaching the support system. The evaluated components were number of fruit harvested, production per plant, fruit yield and in the fruit pulp, the analyzed components were soluble solid content, titratable acidity, pH and soluble solid content/ titratable acidity ratio. The interaction between the factors studied significantly affected the number of fruit harvested, production per plant, solids content and titratable acidity. The fruit yield was influenced by the two isolated factors, but the pH of the pulp responded only to the intra-row plant spacing, and the solids content/ titratable acidity ratio was not influenced by any of the sources of variation studied. Increasing the distances intra-row raises the production per plant, but reduces fruit yield. Plants pruned on the main stem have higher fruit yield. Irrigation with restrictive water quality to agriculture did not inhibit the productive capacity of yellow passion fruit access Guinezinho and did not impair the chemical quality of the fruits.   Keywords: Guinezinho access, planting density, Passiflora edulis Sims.

scholarly journals Optimization of the design and technological parameters of an active ripper of a combined working body

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00068
Author(s):  
S. A. Ivanaisky ◽  
M. A. Kanaev ◽  
Y. A. Kirov ◽  
M. S. Ivanaisky ◽  
S. V. Denisov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Surface Moisture ◽  
Tillage Operation ◽  
Working Bodies

The research objective is to improve the quality of soil loosening using combined working bodies for surface moisture-retaining soil cultivation. The efficiency of accumulation and conservation of precipitation in the autumn-winter period depends on the method of post-harvest soil cultivation. One of them is the autumn surface water-retaining treatment, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the processes of accumulation and conservation of moisture due to the deeper loosening of the cultivated soil layer. During loosening and mulching, the top layer of the soil contributes to the accumulation and preservation of moisture not only in the upper but also in deeper soil horizons. However, the used tillage tools do not fully solve the problem of the high-quality performance of surface moisture-retaining soil cultivation. The article presents the results of studies of the degree of influence of geometric and technological parameters of the additional active cultivator on the quality of surface tillage. Based on the results of the research carried out, the technological process of performing the surface tillage operation has been improved and combined working bodies have been developed for its implementation.

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