scholarly journals Sense of Purpose in Life Is Associated with Lower Risk of Incident Dementia: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Angelina R. Sutin ◽  
Damaris Aschwanden ◽  
Martina Luchetti ◽  
Yannick Stephan ◽  
Antonio Terracciano
Keyword(s):  
Lower Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Total N ◽  
Sense Of Purpose ◽  
Incident Dementia

Background: A sense of purpose in life has been associated with healthier cognitive outcomes across adulthood, including risk of dementia. The robustness and replicability of this association, however, has yet to be evaluated systematically. Objective: To test whether a greater sense of purpose in life is associated with lower risk of dementia in four population-based cohorts and combined with the published literature. Methods: Random-effect meta-analysis of prospective studies (individual participant data and from the published literature identified through a systematic review) that examined sense of purpose and risk of incident dementia. Results: In six samples followed up to 17 years (four primary data and two published; total N = 53,499; n = 5,862 incident dementia), greater sense of purpose in life was associated with lower dementia risk (HR = 0.77, 95%CI = 0.73–0.81, p <  0.001). The association was generally consistent across cohorts (I2 = 47%), remained significant controlling for clinical (e.g., depression) and behavioral (e.g., physical inactivity) risk factors, and was not moderated by age, gender, or education. Conclusion: Sense of purpose is a replicable and robust predictor of lower risk of incident dementia and is a promising target of intervention for cognitive health outcomes.

scholarly journals Exercise and the Risk of Dementia in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3126
Author(s):  
Jaehyun Lim ◽  
So-Ryoung Lee ◽  
Eue-Keun Choi ◽  
Kyung-Do Han ◽  
Jin-Hyung Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Korean National Health Insurance ◽  
New Diagnosis ◽  
New Onset

Background: It is unclear whether exercise would reduce dementia in patients with a new diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF). Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between the change in physical activity (PA) before and after new-onset AF and the risk of incident dementia. Methods: Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, we enrolled a total of 126,555 patients with newly diagnosed AF between 2010 and 2016, who underwent health examinations within two years before and after their diagnosis of AF. The patients were divided into four groups: persistent non-exercisers, exercise starters, exercise quitters, and exercise maintainers. Results: Based on a total of 396,503 person-years of follow-up, 5943 patients were diagnosed with dementia. Compared to persistent non-exercisers, exercise starters (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.87; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81–0.94), and exercise maintainers (aHR 0.66; 95% CI 0.61–0.72) showed a lower risk of incident dementia; however, the risk was similar in exercise quitters (aHR 0.98; 95% CI 0.92–1.05) (p-trend < 0.001). There was a J-shaped relationship between the dose of exercise and the risk of dementia, with the risk reduction maximized at 5–6 times per week of moderate-to-vigorous PA among exercise starters. Conclusion: Patients who initiated or continued regular exercise after diagnosis of AF were associated with a lower risk of dementia than persistent non-exercisers, with no risk reduction associated with exercise cessation. Our findings may provide evidence for the benefit of exercise prescription to patients with new-onset AF to prevent incident dementia regardless of their current exercise status.

scholarly journals The prevalence of diabetes in Afghanistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail Akhtar ◽  
Jamal Abdul Nasir ◽  
Amara Javed ◽  
Mariyam Saleem ◽  
Sundas Sajjad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Meta Regression

Abstract Background The aim of this paper is to investigate the prevalence of diabetes and its associated risk factors in Afghanistan through a systematic review and meta–analysis. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted using EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar and the Cochrane library, carried out from inception to April 312,020, without language restriction. Meta–analysis was performed using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models with inverse variance weighting. The existence of publication bias was initially assessed by visual inspection of a funnel plot and then tested by the Egger regression test. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were used to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. This systematic review was reported by following the PRISMA guidelines and the methodological quality of each included study was evaluated using the STROBE guidelines. Results Out of 64 potentially relevant studies, only 06 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were considered for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of diabetes in the general population based on population-based studies were 12.13% (95% CI: 8.86–16.24%), based on a pooled sample of 7071 individuals. Results of univariate meta-regression analysis revealed that the prevalence of diabetes increased with mean age, hypertension and obesity. There was no significant association between sex (male vs female), smoking, the methodological quality of included articles or education (illiterate vs literate) and the prevalence of diabetes. Conclusions This meta-analysis reports the 12.13% prevalence of diabetes in Afghanistan,with the highest prevalence in Kandahar and the lowest in Balkh province. The main risk factors include increasing age, obesity and hypertension. Community-based care and preventive training programmes are recommended. Trial registration This review was registered on PROSPERO (registration number CRD42020172624).

scholarly journals Longitudinal association between CRP levels and risk of psychosis: a meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele F. Osimo ◽  
Luke Baxter ◽  
Jan Stochl ◽  
Benjamin I. Perry ◽  
Stephen A. Metcalf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Suspected Infection ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Incident Cases

AbstractMeta-analyses of cross-sectional studies suggest that patients with psychosis have higher circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) compared with healthy controls; however, cause and effect is unclear. We examined the prospective association between CRP levels and subsequent risk of developing a psychotic disorder by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies. Databases were searched for prospective studies of CRP and psychosis. We obtained unpublished results, including adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, and socioeconomic status and suspected infection (CRP > 10 mg/L). Based on random effect meta-analysis of 89,792 participants (494 incident cases of psychosis at follow-up), the pooled odds ratio (OR) for psychosis for participants with high (>3 mg/L), as compared to low (≤3 mg/L) CRP levels at baseline was 1.50 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–2.07). Evidence for this association remained after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted OR [aOR] = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.03–1.66). After excluding participants with suspected infection, the OR for psychosis was 1.36 (95% CI, 1.06–1.74), but the association attenuated after controlling for confounders (aOR = 1.23; 95% CI, 0.95–1.60). Using CRP as a continuous variable, the pooled OR for psychosis per standard deviation increase in log(CRP) was 1.11 (95% CI, 0.93–1.34), and this association further attenuated after controlling for confounders (aOR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.90–1.27) and excluding participants with suspected infection (aOR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.92–1.24). There was no association using CRP as a categorical variable (low, medium or high). While we provide some evidence of a longitudinal association between high CRP (>3 mg/L) and psychosis, larger studies are required to enable definitive conclusions.

scholarly journals Declining Incident Dementia Rates Across Four Population-Based Birth Cohorts

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 1439-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J Sullivan ◽  
Hiroko H Dodge ◽  
Tiffany F Hughes ◽  
Chung-Chou H Chang ◽  
Xinmei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Incident Dementia

Abstract Background Incidence rates of dementia appear to be declining in high-income countries according to several large epidemiological studies. We aimed to describe declining incident dementia rates across successive birth cohorts in a U.S. population-based sample and to explore the influences of sex and education on these trends. Methods We pooled data from two community-sampled prospective cohort studies with similar study aims and contiguous sampling regions: the Monongahela Valley Independent Elders Survey (1987–2001) and the Monongahela-Youghiogheny Healthy Aging Team (2006–Ongoing). We identified four decade-long birth cohorts spanning birth years 1902–1941. In an analysis sample of 3,010 participants (61% women, mean baseline age = 75.7 years, mean follow-up = 7.1 years), we identified 257 cases of incident dementia indicated by a Clinical Dementia Rating of 1.0 or higher. We used Poisson regression to model incident dementia rates by birth cohort, age, sex, education, and interactions of Sex × Cohort and Sex × Education. We further examined whether cohort effects varied by education, testing a Cohort × Education interaction and stratifying the models by education. Results Compared to the earliest birth cohort (1902–1911), each subsequent cohort had a significantly lower incident dementia rate (1912–1921: incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.655, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.477–0.899; 1922–1931: IRR = 0.387, 95% CI = 0.265–0.564; 1932–1941: IRR = 0.233, 95% CI = 0.121–0.449). We observed no significant interactions of either sex or education with birth cohort. Conclusions A decline in incident dementia rates was observed across successive birth cohorts independent of sex, education, and age.

scholarly journals Hypertension Management in Brazil: Usual Practice in Primary Care—A Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael V. Picon ◽  
Juvenal S. Dias-da-Costa ◽  
Flavio D. Fuchs ◽  
Maria Teresa A. Olinto ◽  
Niteesh K. Choudhry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ace Inhibitors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Usual Practice ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Medical Visits

Knowing the usual clinical practice is relevant for evaluations in health care and economic policies of management of hypertension. This study aimed to describe the usual management of hypertension in the Brazilian primary healthcare system through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The search of population-based studies conducted in Brazil was undertaken using PubMed, EMBASE, and Brazilian databases. Eligible studies were those conducted in adults with hypertension (blood pressure (BP) ≥ 140/90 mmHg or using BP lowering drugs). Three datasets’ data were analyzed: SESI study (in Brazilian workers); HIPERDIA (Brazilian Registration and Monitoring of Hypertensive and Diabetic Patients Program); and a population-based study. Meta-analysis has been performed using the fixed and random effect models. A total of 11 studies or data sets were included in the systematic review. Hypertensive individuals had, on average, 2.6 medical visits annually and 18.2% were on diuretics (n=811 hypertensive patients) and 16.2% on ACE inhibitors (n=1768 hypertensive patients). BP control rate ranged from 43.7 to 67.5%; 35.5% had measured total cholesterol and 36.5% determined fasting plasma glucose in the previous 12 months. Thiazide diuretics and ACE inhibitors were the most used BP lowering medications as single drugs, but the control rate of hypertension is insufficient.

scholarly journals Diet quality during preconception or pregnancy and gestational weight gain: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e033130
Author(s):  
Yamei Yu ◽  
Isabelle Hardy ◽  
Wenguang Sun ◽  
Dean A Fergusson ◽  
William Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Scientific Meetings

IntroductionInappropriate gestational weight gain (GWG), including inadequate and excessive GWG, has become pandemic across nations and continents. This review aims to synthesise the evidence on the correlation between diet quality and GWG. If this association is confirmed, improving diet quality could become an intervention target in the efforts to reduce inappropriate GWG.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic review of all prospective cohort studies on diet quality in preconception or pregnancy and GWG. Our secondary outcomes include gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia and birth weight. A comprehensive search of all published articles in MEDLINE ALL (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Food Science and Technology Abstracts (Ovid) and CINAHL (EBSCOHost), from database creation to 20 April 2019, will be conducted. Studies will be screened for eligibility by title, abstract and full text in duplicate by two independent reviewers. Study quality and risk of bias will be assessed using the adapted Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results will be reported following the meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology guidelines. If sufficient data are available, a meta-analysis will be conducted to synthesise the effect size reported as OR with 95% CI using both fixed-effect and random-effect models. I2 statistics and visual inspection of the forest plots will be used to assess heterogeneity and identify the potential sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias will be assessed by visual inspections of funnel plots and Egger’s test.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required as no primary data will be collected. We aim to publish the results of this study in a peer-reviewed journal and present them at conferences and scientific meetings to promote knowledge transfer.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019128732

scholarly journals Gender differences in the prevalence of household food insecurity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 902-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Miranda Jung ◽  
Fernanda Souza de Bairros ◽  
Marcos Pascoal Pattussi ◽  
Sílvia Pauli ◽  
Marilda Borges Neutzling
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Household Food

AbstractObjectiveThe present review aimed to identify and synthesize literature on household food insecurity with respect to whether the respondent was male or female.DesignA systematic review of prevalence studies followed by a meta-analysis was conducted between 28 August 2014 and 19 October 2014 in seven electronic databases. The search was updated in April 2016. The included studies used experience-based measures to assess household food insecurity. Dichotomous measures of food insecurity were used. Pooled odds ratios of household food insecurity prevalence in women v. men were obtained through random-effect modelling. Quality assessment, publication bias diagnostics and subgroup analysis were also performed.SettingPopulation-based studies (i.e. non-clinical populations).SubjectsParticipants aged 18 years or over.ResultsOut of the 5145 articles initially identified, forty-two studies with a total population of 233 153 were included. In general, results showed that the odds for household food insecurity was 40 % higher in studies where women were the respondent (95 % CI 1·27, 1·54; P<0·001). Besides, subgroup analysis revealed that female-headed households were 75% (95 % CI 49–96%) more likely to be food insecure than male-headed households.ConclusionsOur results confirm the existence of gender differences in reporting household food insecurity. Furthermore, they indicate that households headed by women constitute a segment of the population that is particularly vulnerable to food insecurity.

scholarly journals Annual incidence of osteoporotic hip fractures in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiarash Tanha ◽  
Noushin Fahimfar ◽  
Shahrzad Nematollahi ◽  
Sayed Mahmoud Sajjadi-Jazi ◽  
Safoora Gharibzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Language Restriction

Abstract Background Osteoporosis (OP) is progressively becoming a global concern with the aging of the world’s populations. Osteoporotic fractures are associated with significantly increased mortality rates and a financial burden to health systems. This Meta-analysis aims to estimate the annual incidence of osteoporotic fractures in Iran. Methods A comprehensive systematic literature search was performed through Medline (PubMed), Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify studies which contain an investigation of the incidence of osteoporotic fractures in Iran up to December 3rd 2020, with no time and language restriction. For the risk of bias assessments of studies, the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for studies reporting prevalence data was used. The pooled estimation of the incidence of osteoporotic fractures in population aged≥50 years was calculated using random-effects meta-analysis, and the heterogeneity of included studies was quantified with the I2 statistic. Results In all, 6708 papers were initially retrieved from the electronic databases, among which seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled standardized annual cumulative incidence of hip fractures was estimated as 138.26 (95% CI: 98.71–193.65) per 100,000 population and 157.52 (95% CI: 124.29–199.64) per 100,000 population in men and women, respectively. Conclusion This study showed a high incidence rate of osteoporotic hip fractures in Iran. Early detection and treatment of individuals with higher risks of primary fragility fractures at primary health care as well as implementing fracture liaison services to prevent secondary fractures are highly recommended. The results suffer from the following limitations: first, a low number of studies that were eligible for inclusion; second, the lack of population-based studies; and presence of highly heterogeneous studies despite the use of a random effect model.

scholarly journals Effect of Secondary Education on Exclusive Breastfeeding: Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferda Fibi Tyas Nurkholifa ◽  
◽  
Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari ◽  
Hanung Prasetya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Central Java

ABSTRACT Background: Many studies reported the importance of exclusive breastfeeding for infants. However, there are many obstacles faced by lactating mothers to provide exclusive breastfeeding for their children. This study aimed to investigate the effect of secondary education on exclusive breastfeeding using a meta-analysis. Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis and systematic review were conducted by collecting articles from PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. Keywords used exclusive breastfeeding” AND “secondary education” OR “education for breastfeeding” AND “cross sectional” AND “adjusted odd ratio”. The study population was postpartum mothers. Intervention was secondary education with comparison primary education. The study outcome was exclusive breastfeeding. The inclusion criteria were full text, using English or Indonesian language, and reporting adjusted odds ratio. The articles were selected by PRISMA flow chart. The quantitative data were analyzed using random effect model run on Revman 5.3. Results: 7 studies from Peru, China, Nigeria, Korea, Ireland, Sub-Sahara, and South Australia were met the inclusion criteria. There was high heterogeneity between groups (I2= 94%; p<0.001). This study reported that secondary education reduced exclusive breastfeeding, but it was statistically non-significant (aOR= 0.86; 95% CI= 0.60 to 1.24; p= 0.430). Conclusion: Secondary education reduced exclusive breastfeeding, but it was statistically non-significant. Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding, secondary education, postpartum Correspondence: Ferda Fibi Tyas Nurkholifa. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285655778863. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.131

scholarly journals Risk factors for incident dementia in the very old

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1135-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Wallin ◽  
Gustaf Boström ◽  
Miia Kivipelto ◽  
Yngve Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Population Based ◽  
P Value ◽  
Next Of Kin ◽  
Very Old ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Baseline Factors ◽  
State Examination

ABSTRACTBackground: Several risk factors for dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and cognitive impairment have been established; however, knowledge about risk factors in the very old population (≥85 years) is limited. This study describes the association of several baseline factors with dementia in participants aged ≥85 years, and investigates factors associated with a higher risk of incident dementia over five years.Methods: The participants in this population-based cohort study were aged 85, 90, and ≥95 years at baseline (2000–2002). Data were collected during home visits for interviews and testing, from a review of medical records, and/or interviewing the caregiver or next of kin. After five years 212 participants could be followed up concerning incident dementia. Multivariate logistic regression was used.Results: At baseline, 100/353 (28%) of participants had a dementia diagnosis. Over five years, 71/212 (33.5%) participants developed dementia. Few participants with dementia at baseline remained alive after five years (12%). Depression at the baseline and follow-up time were associated with a higher risk of dementia, odds ratio (OR) (95% CI, p-value) 2.91 (1.37–6.16, 0.005) and 1.61 (1.26–2.05, <0.001) respectively. More social contact and a higher Mini-Mental State Examination score at baseline were associated with lower risk of incident dementia, OR (95% CI, p-value) 0.87 (0.78–0.97, 0.009) and 0.83 (0.74–0.93, 0.001) respectively.Conclusions: Prevalence and incidence of dementia are high in very old people and dementia appears to be a fatal disorder. Depression is associated with higher risk of incident dementia over five years whereas more frequent social contacts and a higher MMSE score are associated with lower risk.

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