Quantitative assessment of self-treated canalith repositioning procedures using inertial measurement unit sensors

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Chiheon Kwon ◽  
Yunseo Ku ◽  
Shinhye Seo ◽  
Eunsook Jang ◽  
Hyoun-Joong Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Head Rotation ◽  
Large Error ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
The Self ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Epley Maneuver ◽  
Head Rotations

BACKGROUND: Low success and high recurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) after home-based self-treated Epley and Barbeque (BBQ) roll maneuvers is an important issue. OBJECTIVE: To quantify the cause of low success rate of self-treated Epley and BBQ roll maneuvers and provide a clinically acceptable criterion to guide self-treatment head rotations. METHODS: Twenty-five participants without active BPPV wore a custom head-mount rotation monitoring device for objective measurements. Self-treatment and specialist-assisted maneuvers were compared for head rotation accuracy. Absolute differences between the head rotation evaluation criteria (American Academy of Otolaryngology guidelines) and measured rotation angles were considered as errors. Self-treatment and specialist-treated errors in maneuvers were compared. Between-trial variations and age effects were evaluated. RESULTS: A significantly large error and between-trial variation occurred in step 4 of the self-treated Epley maneuver, with a considerable error in the second trial. The cumulative error of all steps of self-treated BBQ roll maneuver was significantly large. Age effect occurred only in the self-treated BBQ roll maneuver. Errors in specialist-treated maneuvers ranged from 10 to 20 degrees. CONCLUSIONS: Real-time feedback of head movements during simultaneous head-body rotations could increase success rates of self-treatments. Specialist-treated maneuvers can be used as permissible rotation margin criteria.

scholarly journals Blind footballers direct their head towards an approaching ball during ball trapping

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takumi Mieda ◽  
Masahiro Kokubu
Keyword(s):  
Rotation Angle ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Head Rotation ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Trunk Rotation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Head Rotations ◽  
Egocentric Direction

AbstractIn blind football, players predict the sound location of a ball to underpin the success of ball trapping. It is currently unknown whether blind footballers use head movements as a strategy for trapping a moving ball. This study investigated characteristics of head rotations in blind footballers during ball trapping compared to sighted nonathletes. Participants performed trapping an approaching ball using their right foot. Head and trunk rotation angles in the sagittal plane, and head rotation angles in the horizontal plane were measured during ball trapping. The blind footballers showed a larger downward head rotation angle, as well as higher performance at the time of ball trapping than did the sighted nonathletes. However, no significant differences between the groups were found with regards to the horizontal head rotation angle and the downward trunk rotation angle. The blind footballers consistently showed a larger relative angle of downward head rotation from an early time point after ball launching to the moment of ball trapping. These results suggest that blind footballers couple downward head rotation with the movement of an approaching ball, to ensure that the ball is kept in a consistent egocentric direction relative to the head throughout ball trapping.

Eye movement responses to active, high-frequency pitch and yaw head rotations in subjects with unilateral vestibular loss or posterior semicircular canal occlusion

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire C. Gianna-Poulin ◽  
Valerie Stallings ◽  
F. Owen Black
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Head Rotation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Fixed Target ◽  
Posterior Semicircular Canal ◽  
Vestibular Loss ◽  
Semicircular Canal Occlusion ◽  
Eye Velocity ◽  
Head Rotations

This study assessed the eye movement responses to active head rotation in six subjects with complete unilateral vestibular loss (UVL), five subjects with posterior canal plugging (PCP) and age- and sex-matched normal subjects. Subjects performed head rotations in the pitch and yaw planes at frequencies ranging from 2 to 6 Hz, while looking at an earth-fixed target. Vertical eye movement gains obtained in UVL, PCP and normal subjects were not significantly different. Vertical phases decreased with increasing head movement frequencies in both UVL and PCP subjects. Although this decrease produced significantly different vertical phases between UVL and normal subjects for head movements above 3.9 Hz, vertical phases in some normal subjects were similar to those obtained in UVL subjects. We conclude that active head oscillations in the pitch plane are not clinically useful for the detection of vertical canal impairment limited to one ear. As expected, UVL subjects showed reduced horizontal gains, and eye velocity asymmetries during active head rotation in the yaw plane. Results in some PCP subjects suggested possible minor impairments of horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflexes.

scholarly journals Human vestibulo-ocular reflex adaptation is frequency selective

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 984-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo N. Rinaudo ◽  
Michael C. Schubert ◽  
William V. C. Figtree ◽  
Christopher J. Todd ◽  
Americo A. Migliaccio
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Head Rotation ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Head Impulse ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vor Adaptation ◽  
Frequency Selective ◽  
Head Rotations

The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is the only system that maintains stable vision during rapid head rotations. The VOR gain (eye/head velocity) can be trained to increase using a vestibular-visual mismatch stimulus. We sought to determine whether low-frequency (sinusoidal) head rotation during training leads to changes in the VOR during high-frequency head rotation testing, where the VOR is more physiologically relevant. We tested eight normal subjects over three sessions. For training protocol 1, subjects performed active sinusoidal head rotations at 1.3 Hz while tracking a laser target, whose velocity incrementally increased relative to head velocity so that the VOR gain required to stabilize the target went from 1.1 to 2 over 15 min. Protocol 2 was the same as protocol 1, except that head rotations were at 0.5 Hz. For protocol 3, head rotation frequency incrementally increased from 0.5 to 2 Hz over 15 min, while the VOR gain required to stabilize the target was kept at 2. We measured the active and passive, sinusoidal (1.3Hz) and head impulse VOR gains before and after each protocol. Sinusoidal and head impulse VOR gains increased in protocols 1 and 3; however, although the sinusoidal VOR gain increase was ~20%, the related head impulse gain increase was only ~10%. Protocol 2 resulted in no-gain adaptation. These data show human VOR adaptation is frequency selective, suggesting that if one seeks to increase the higher-frequency VOR response, i.e., where it is physiologically most relevant, then higher-frequency head movements are required during training, e.g., head impulses. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study shows that human vestibulo-ocular reflex adaptation is frequency selective at frequencies >0.3 Hz. The VOR in response to mid- (1.3 Hz) and high-frequency (impulse) head rotations were measured before and after mid-frequency sinusoidal VOR adaptation training, revealing that the mid-frequency gain change was higher than high-frequency gain change. Thus, if one seeks to increase the higher-frequency VOR response, where it is physiologically most relevant, then higher-frequency head movements are required during training.

scholarly journals Effect of Putting Grip on Eye and Head Movements During the Golf Putting Stroke

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 122-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
George K. Hung
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Head Rotation ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Forward Stroke ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Head Rotations

The objective of this article is to determine the effect of three different putting grips (conventional, cross-hand, and one-handed) on variations in eye and head movements during the putting stroke. Seven volunteer novice players, ranging in age from 21 to 22 years, participated in the study. During each experimental session, the subject stood on a specially designed platform covered with artificial turf and putted golf balls towards a standard golf hole. The three different types of grips were tested at two distances: 3 and 9 ft. For each condition, 20 putts were attempted. For each putt, data were recorded over a 3-s interval at a sampling rate of 100 Hz. Eye movements were recorded using a helmet-mounted eye movement monitor. Head rotation about an imaginary axis through the top of the head and its center-of-rotation was measured by means of a potentiometer mounted on a fixed frame and coupled to the helmet. Putter-head motion was measured using a linear array of infrared phototransistors embedded in the platform. The standard deviation (STD, relative to the initial level) was calculated for eye and head movements over the duration of the putt (i.e., from the beginning of the backstroke, through the forward stroke, to impact). The averaged STD for the attempted putts was calculated for each subject. Then, the averaged STDs and other data for the seven subjects were statistically compared across the three grip conditions. The STD of eye movements were greater (p < 0.1) for conventional than cross-hand (9 ft) and one-handed (3 and 9 ft) grips. Also, the STD of head movements were greater (p < 0.1; 3 ft) for conventional than cross-hand and one-handed grips. Vestibulo-ocular responses associated with head rotations could be observed in many 9 ft and some 3 ft putts. The duration of the putt was significantly longer (p < 0.05; 3 and 9 ft) for the one-handed than conventional and cross-hand grips. Finally, performance, or percentage putts made, was significantly better (p <0.05; 9 ft) for cross-hand than conventional grip. The smaller variations, both in eye movements during longer putts and head movements during shorter putts, using cross-hand and one-handed grips may explain why some golfers, based on their playing experience, prefer these over the conventional grip. Also, the longer duration for the one-handed grip, which improves tempo, may explain why some senior players prefer the long-shaft (effectively one-handed grip) putter.

scholarly journals Directional preference of otolith-related neurons in vestibular nucleus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Nguyen ◽  
Kyu-Sung Kim ◽  
Gyutae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Head Rotation ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Neural Communication ◽  
Neural Information ◽  
Commissural Pathway ◽  
Directional Preference

Abstract Background: Due to the paired structure of two labyrinths, their neural communication is conducted through the interconnected commissural pathway. Using the tight link, the neural responding characteristics are formed in vestibular nucleus, and these responses are initially generated by the mechanical movement of the hair cells in the semicircular canals and otoliths. Although the mechanism to describe the neuronal responses to the head movements was evident, few direct experimental data were provided, especially the directional preference of otolith-related neurons as one of critical responses to elucidate the function of the neurons in vestibular nucleus (VN). Experimental Approach: The directional preference of otolith-related neurons was investigated in VN. Also, a chemically induced unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL) was performed to identify the origin of the directional preference. For the model evaluation, static and dynamic behavioral tests were performed. Following the evaluation, an extracellular neural activity was recorded for the neuronal responses to the horizontal head rotation and the linear head translation. Results: Seventy seven neuronal activities were recorded from thirty SD rats (270-450 g, male), and total population was divided into three groups; left UL (20), sham (35), right UL (22). Based on the directional preference, two sub-groups were again classified as contra- and ipsi-preferred neurons. There was no significance in the number of those sub-groups (contra-: 15/35, 43%; ipsi-: 20/35, 57%) in the sham (p=0.155). However, more ipsi-preferred neurons (19/22, 86%) were observed after right UL (p=6.056×10-5) while left UL caused more contra-preferred neurons (13/20, 65%) (p=0.058). In particular, the convergent neurons mainly led this biased difference in the population (ipsi-: 100% after right UL & contra-: 89% after left UL) (p<0.002). Conclusion: The directional preference was evenly maintained under a normal vestibular function, and its unilateral loss biased the directional preference of the neurons, depending on the side of lesion. Moreover, the dominance of the directional preference was mainly led by the convergent neurons which had the neural information related with head rotation and linear translation.

Clinical Performance of Art Restorations in Primary Teeth: A Survival Analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Sasso Faccin ◽  
Simone Helena Ferreira ◽  
Paulo Floriani Kramer ◽  
Thiago Machado Ardenghi ◽  
Carlos Alberto Feldens
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment ◽  
Success Rates

Objective: To assess the survival of Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) restorations in primary teeth performed in a dental clinical setting. Study Design: One hundred and five single-surface ART restorations placed in 56 preschool children (mean age 31 months) were included. Final-year dental students performed the restorations using standard ART procedures with hand instruments. A resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Vitremer 3M/ESPE) was used as a restorative material. Performances of the restorations were assessed directly by the ART evaluation criteria. Follow-up period ranged from 6 to 48 months. Survival estimates for restoration longevity were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Log-rank test (P≤.05) was used to compare the success rates according to demographic and clinical characteristics of the restorations at baseline (age, sex, arch and segment). Results: Mean and median estimate times of survival were 37(95%CI: 32-42) months and 38 (95% CI: 29-47) months respectively. Success rates for ART restorations were 89%, 85% and 72% in 6 to 11, 12 to 24 and 25 to 48 months of evaluation respectively. Differences in success rates among demographic and clinical characteristics were not statistically significant. Conclusion:High survivals rates of the ART restorations found in this study seem to indicate the reliability of this approach as an appropriate treatment option for primary teeth in a clinical setting.

scholarly journals Identifying protein-protein interface via a novel multi-scale local sequence and structural representation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (S15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Guo ◽  
Quan Zou ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Jijun Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Protein Interface ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Structural Representation ◽  
De Novo Drug Design ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Local Sequence

Abstract Background Protein-protein interaction plays a key role in a multitude of biological processes, such as signal transduction, de novo drug design, immune responses, and enzymatic activities. Gaining insights of various binding abilities can deepen our understanding of the interaction. It is of great interest to understand how proteins in a complex interact with each other. Many efficient methods have been developed for identifying protein-protein interface. Results In this paper, we obtain the local information on protein-protein interface, through multi-scale local average block and hexagon structure construction. Given a pair of proteins, we use a trained support vector regression (SVR) model to select best configurations. On Benchmark v4.0, our method achieves average Irmsd value of 3.28Å and overall Fnat value of 63%, which improves upon Irmsd of 3.89Å and Fnat of 49% for ZRANK, and Irmsd of 3.99Å and Fnat of 46% for ClusPro. On CAPRI targets, our method achieves average Irmsd value of 3.45Å and overall Fnat value of 46%, which improves upon Irmsd of 4.18Å and Fnat of 40% for ZRANK, and Irmsd of 5.12Å and Fnat of 32% for ClusPro. The success rates by our method, FRODOCK 2.0, InterEvDock and SnapDock on Benchmark v4.0 are 41.5%, 29.0%, 29.4% and 37.0%, respectively. Conclusion Experiments show that our method performs better than some state-of-the-art methods, based on the prediction quality improved in terms of CAPRI evaluation criteria. All these results demonstrate that our method is a valuable technological tool for identifying protein-protein interface.

scholarly journals Electrical Stimulation of the Frontal Eye Field in a Monkey Produces Combined Eye and Head Movements

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 1103-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyson A. Tu ◽  
E. Gregory Keating
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Frontal Eye Field ◽  
Gaze Shifts ◽  
Gaze Shift ◽  
Eye Field ◽  
A Site ◽  
Head Rotations ◽  
Stimulation Of

The frontal eye field (FEF), an area in the primate frontal lobe, has long been considered important for the production of eye movements. Past studies have evoked saccade-like movements from the FEF using electrical stimulation in animals that were not allowed to move their heads. Using electrical stimulation in two monkeys that were free to move their heads, we have found that the FEF produces gaze shifts that are composed of both eye and head movements. Repeated stimulation at a site evoked gaze shifts of roughly constant amplitude. However, that gaze shift could be accomplished with varied amounts of head and eye movements, depending on their (head and eye) respective starting positions. This evidence suggests that the FEF controls visually orienting movements using both eye and head rotations rather than just shifting the eyes as previously thought.

scholarly journals Virtual Object Manipulation by Combining Touch and Head Interactions for Mobile Augmented Reality

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 2933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Young Oh ◽  
Ji Hyung Park ◽  
Jung-Min Park
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Virtual Object ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Ray Casting ◽  
Mobile Augmented Reality ◽  
Interaction Method ◽  
Virtual Objects ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Touch Interaction

This paper proposes an interaction method to conveniently manipulate a virtual object by combining touch interaction and head movements for a head-mounted display (HMD), which provides mobile augmented reality (AR). A user can conveniently manipulate a virtual object with touch interaction recognized from the inertial measurement unit (IMU) attached to the index finger’s nail and head movements tracked by the IMU embedded in the HMD. We design two interactions that combine touch and head movements, to manipulate a virtual object on a mobile HMD. Each designed interaction method manipulates virtual objects by controlling ray casting and adjusting widgets. To evaluate the usability of the designed interaction methods, a user evaluation is performed in comparison with the hand interaction using Hololens. As a result, the designed interaction method receives positive feedback that virtual objects can be manipulated easily in a mobile AR environment.

Human Updating of Visual Motion Direction During Head Rotations

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 2558-2576
Author(s):  
Mario Ruiz-Ruiz ◽  
Julio C. Martinez-Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Visual Motion ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Head Tilt ◽  
Head Rotation ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Spatial Updating ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Direction Discrimination ◽  
Head Rotations ◽  
Stimulus Direction

Previous studies have demonstrated that human subjects update the location of visual targets for saccades after head and body movements and in the absence of visual feedback. This phenomenon is known as spatial updating. Here we investigated whether a similar mechanism exists for the perception of motion direction. We recorded eye positions in three dimensions and behavioral responses in seven subjects during a motion task in two different conditions: when the subject's head remained stationary and when subjects rotated their heads around an anteroposterior axis (head tilt). We demonstrated that after head-tilt subjects updated the direction of saccades made in the perceived stimulus direction (direction of motion updating), the amount of updating varied across subjects and stimulus directions, the amount of motion direction updating was highly correlated with the amount of spatial updating during a memory-guided saccade task, subjects updated the stimulus direction during a two-alternative forced-choice direction discrimination task in the absence of saccadic eye movements (perceptual updating), perceptual updating was more accurate than motion direction updating involving saccades, and subjects updated motion direction similarly during active and passive head rotation. These results demonstrate the existence of an updating mechanism for the perception of motion direction in the human brain that operates during active and passive head rotations and that resembles the one of spatial updating. Such a mechanism operates during different tasks involving different motor and perceptual skills (saccade and motion direction discrimination) with different degrees of accuracy.

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