Tuberculosis detection in chest X-ray using Mayfly-algorithm optimized dual-deep-learning features

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
M.P. Rajakumar ◽  
R. Sonia ◽  
B. Uma Maheswari ◽  
S.P. Karuppiah
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
World Health ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Health Organization

World-Health-Organization (WHO) has listed Tuberculosis (TB) as one among the top 10 reasons for death and an early diagnosis will help to cure the patient by giving suitable treatment. TB usually affects the lungs and an accurate bio-imaging scheme will be apt to diagnose the infection. This research aims to implement an automated scheme to detect TB infection in chest radiographs (X-ray) using a chosen Deep-Learning (DL) approach. The primary objective of the proposed scheme is to attain better classification accuracy while detecting TB in X-ray images. The proposed scheme consists of the following phases namely, (1) image collection and pre-processing, (2) feature extraction with pre-trained VGG16 and VGG19, (3) Mayfly-algorithm (MA) based optimal feature selection, (4) serial feature concatenation and (5) binary classification with a 5-fold cross validation. In this work, the performance of the proposed DL scheme is separately validated for (1) VGG16 with conventional features, (2) VGG19 with conventional features, (3) VGG16 with optimal features, (4) VGG19 with optimal features and (5) concatenated dual-deep-features (DDF). All experimental investigations are conducted and achieved using MATLAB® program. Experimental outcome confirms that the proposed system with DDF yields a classification accuracy of 97.8%using a K Nearest-Neighbor (KNN) classifier.

scholarly journals Deep Learning Detection of COVID-19, Temporal Variation and its Link with Temperature in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Ebiendele Eromosele Precious
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
First Case ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Health Organization

COVID-19 was announced as a global pandemic on 11 March 2020 by the World Health Organization due to its spread globally.  Nigeria recorded its first case on 27 February 2020. Since then, it has spread to all parts of the country. In this paper we study the effectiveness and skill performance of deep learning architectures in assisting health workers in detecting COVID-19 infected patient through X-ray images. Analytical deductions obtained from 500 X-ray images of both infected and non-infected patients confirmed that our proposed model InceptionV3 is effective in detecting COVID-19 and attain an average accuracy of 92%. The relationship or link between the COVID-19 daily occurrence and two meteorological variables (minimum and maximum temperatures) are further assessed. The result also indicated that the cases recorded in Wednesdays and Fridays are observed to be higher than other days which usually coincide with either religious activities or market days in the country, while a progressively decline in weekday cases is observed towards the weekend with Sundays (ranging from 152 to 280 cases) having the lowest cases. The study further indicated statistically that COVID-19 daily cases significantly decline when maximum and minimum temperature are increasing (-0.79 and -0.44 correlation coefficient).

scholarly journals A Deep Learning Approach to Detect COVID-19 Patients from Chest X-ray Images

AI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-435
Author(s):  
Khandaker Haque ◽  
Ahmed Abdelgawad
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
World Health ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Health Organization

Deep Learning has improved multi-fold in recent years and it has been playing a great role in image classification which also includes medical imaging. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been performing well in detecting many diseases including coronary artery disease, malaria, Alzheimer’s disease, different dental diseases, and Parkinson’s disease. Like other cases, CNN has a substantial prospect in detecting COVID-19 patients with medical images like chest X-rays and CTs. Coronavirus or COVID-19 has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). As of 8 August 2020, the total COVID-19 confirmed cases are 19.18 M and deaths are 0.716 M worldwide. Detecting Coronavirus positive patients is very important in preventing the spread of this virus. On this conquest, a CNN model is proposed to detect COVID-19 patients from chest X-ray images. Two more CNN models with different number of convolution layers and three other models based on pretrained ResNet50, VGG-16 and VGG-19 are evaluated with comparative analytical analysis. All six models are trained and validated with Dataset 1 and Dataset 2. Dataset 1 has 201 normal and 201 COVID-19 chest X-rays whereas Dataset 2 is comparatively larger with 659 normal and 295 COVID-19 chest X-ray images. The proposed model performs with an accuracy of 98.3% and a precision of 96.72% with Dataset 2. This model gives the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve area of 0.983 and F1-score of 98.3 with Dataset 2. Moreover, this work shows a comparative analysis of how change in convolutional layers and increase in dataset affect classifying performances.

scholarly journals Klasifikasi Tingkat Laju Data Covid-19 Untuk Mitigasi Penyebaran Menggunakan Metode Modified K-Nearest Neighbor (MKNN)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 595
Author(s):  
Imam Cholissodin ◽  
Felicia Marvela Evanita ◽  
Jeffrey Junior Tedjasulaksana ◽  
Kukuh Wicaksono Wahyuditomo
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
World Health ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Spread Rate ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The World ◽  
Rate Class ◽  
Health Organization

<p class="Abstrak">COVID-19 atau <em>Coronavirus Disease</em> 2019 merupakan sebuah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus yang dapat menular melalui saluran pernapasan pada hewan atau manusia dan menyebabkan ribuan orang meninggal hampir di seluruh dunia, sehingga dinyatakan sebagai sebuah pandemi di banyak negara, termasuk di Indonesia. Kasus COVID-19 pertama kali ditemukan di Indonesia pada tanggal 2 Maret 2020, dalam menangani pandemi COVID-19 pemerintah menerapkan <em>social distancing </em>dengan menjaga jarak antara satu sama lain sejauh lebih dari 1 meter dan menerapkan protokol kesehatan yang telah diatur saat melakukan aktivitas di luar rumah sesuai anjuran <em>World Health Organization</em> (WHO). Rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat Indonesia dalam menerapkan <em>social distancing</em> dan protokol kesehatan menyebabkan bertambahnya kasus positif COVID-19 di Indonesia secara signifikan sehingga banyak korban yang meninggal, oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini kami membuat sistem klasifikasi tingkat laju data COVID-19 untuk mitigasi penyebaran di seluruh provinsi di Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode <em>Modified K-Nearest Neighbor </em>(MKNN) dengan hasil keluaran berupa kelas laju penyebaran yaitu laju penyebaran rendah yang artinya mitigasi penybarannya tinggi, kemudian kelas laju penyebaran sedang yang artinya mitigasi penyebarannya sedang, dan laju penyebaran tinggi yang berarti mitigasi penyebaran rendah dan dijelaskan lebih lanjut pada bagian metodologi penelitian. Hasil keluaran dari sistem bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat Indonesia dalam mencegah COVID-19 dengan melihat kelas laju penyebaran pada masing-masing provinsi di Indonesia. Alasan penggunaan metode <em>Modified K-Nearest Neighbor </em>pada penelitian ini adalah karena metode <em>Modified K-Nearest Neighbor </em>merupakan salah satu metode klasifikasi yang cukup baik, dimana pada metode ini dilakukan pemvalidasian dan pembobotan yang bobot nya ditentukan dengan menghitung fraksi dari tetangga berlabel yang sama dengan total jumlah tetangga.<em> </em>Parameter yang digunakan dalam proses klasifikasi adalah jumlah kasus positif, jumlah orang yang sembuh, dan jumlah orang yang meninggal akibat COVID-19. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berasal dari situs resmi kementerian kesehatan republik Indonesia yang dapat diakses pada link <a href="https://infeksiemerging.kemkes.go.id/">https://infeksiemerging.kemkes.go.id/</a> dengan jumlah data latih sebanyak 374 data pada tanggal 12 Mei 2020 sampai 22 Mei 2020  dan data uji sebanyak 136 data pada tanggal 23 Mei 2020 sampai tanggal 26 Mei 2020 , hasil akurasi yang dihasilkan adalah 97,79% dengan nilai <em>K</em> = 3.</p><p class="Abstrak"> </p><p class="Abstrak"><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Abstract"><em>COVID-19 or Coronavirus 2019 is a disease caused by a virus that can be transmitted through the respiratory tract to animals or humans and causes more people to die around the world, making it a pandemic in many countries, including Indonesia. COVID-19 cases were first discovered in Indonesia on March 2, 2020. Under the COVID-19 pandemic agreement, the government imposed a social grouping with a grouping of more than 1 meter apart from one another and the transfer of related health protection when carrying out activities outside the home as directed by the World Health Organization(WHO). Considering the Indonesian people in implementing social preservation and protecting health policies increase the positive acquisition of COVID-19 in Indonesia significantly related to the number of victims who died, therefore in this study, we created a COVID-19 data level assessment system for transfer mitigation in all provinces in Indonesia by using the Modified K-Nearest Neighbor (MKNN) method with the output in the form of a spread rate class, namely a low spread rate which means that the spread mitigation is high, then the medium spread rate class which means the spread mitigation is moderate, and the spread rate is high which means low spread mitigation which is further explained in the section on the research methodology. The purpose of the system output is to increase the awareness of the Indonesian people in preventing COVID-19. The parameters used in the classification process are the number of positives, the number of people recovered, and the number of people died by COVID-19 by looking at the class distribution rate in each province in Indonesia. The reason for using the Modified K-Nearest Neighbor method in this research is because the Modified K-Nearest Neighbor method is a fairly good classification method, where this method is validated and weighted whose weight is determined by calculating the fraction of neighbors labeled the same as the total of  neighbors number. The data used in this study was released from the official website of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia which can be accessed at the link <span style="text-decoration: underline;">https://infection.infemerging.kemkes.go.id/</span> with a total of 374 training data from May 12, 2020 to May 22, 2020 and test data As many as 136 data from 23 May 2020 to 26 May 2020, the resulting accuracy was 97.79% with a K = 3.</em></p>

scholarly journals ANALISA 4 ALGORITMA DALAM KLASIFIKASI LIVER MENGGUNAKAN RAPIDMINER

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Annisa Putri Ayudhitama ◽  
Utomo Pujianto
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Naive Bayes ◽  
Naïve Bayes ◽  
World Health ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Health Organization

Hati merupakan salah satu organ penting dalam tubuh manusia yang berfungsi untuk detoksifikasi racun atau penetral racun dari segala sesuatu yang masuk ke dalam tubuh kita, sehingga tubuh menjadi lebih sehat. Hati dapat terserang suatu penyakit yang mampu mengganggu tugasnya, apabila penyakit hati sudah menyerang maka racun akan tersebar ke seluruh tubuh dan membuat tubuh menjadi tidak sehat. Penyakit liver merupakan penyakit hati yang disebabkan oleh virus, alkohol, pola hidup dan lainnya. Menurut data WHO (World Health Organization) menunjukkan hampir 1,2 juta orang per tahun khususnya di Asia Tenggara dan Afrika mengalami kematian akibat terserang penyakit liver. Seseorang sering tidak menyadari atau terlambat mengetahui penyakit liver sehingga ketika diperiksa penyakit liver sudah parah, akan lebih baik apabila dilakukan penanganan lebih awal dengan mengetahui gejala-gejala yang diderita. Data mining mampu membantu diagnosa penyakit liver dengan lebih mudah terutama untuk membantu para dokter dalam menentukan apakah pasien menderita penyakit liver atau tidak, dengan gejala hampir mendekati penyakit liver. Proses diagnosa penyakit liver dilakukan dengan proses klasifikasi dan hasilnya berupa pasien tersebut menderita liver atau tidak. Penelitian ini menggunakan 4 algoritma data mining yaitu Naïve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Decision Tree dan Neural Network. Dataset yang digunakan yaitu Indian Liver Patient Dataset (ILPD) dari website UCI Machine Learning Repository. Keempat algoritma tersebut dibandingkan manakah yang lebih baik akurasinya untuk kasus diagnosa penyakit liver. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa algoritma Naïve Bayes memiliki akurasi 55,75%, algoritma K-Nearest Neigbor memiliki akurasi 66,36%, algoritma Decision Tree memiliki akurasi 67,04%, dan algoritma Neural Network memiliki akurasi 70,50%. Akurasi tersebut tergolong rendah karena kelas atau label antara pasien penyakit liver dan pasien tidak memiliki liver tidaklah seimbang, kelas pasien penyakit liver lebih banyak dibandingkan pasien tidak memiliki liver, sehingga banyak data yang diklasifikasikan sebagai pasien penyakit liver. Keywords— Data Mining, Decision Tree, Klasifikasi, KNN, Liver, Naïve Bayes, Neural Network

scholarly journals Modified AlexNet Convolution Neural Network For Covid-19 Detection Using Chest X-ray Images

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
Shadman Q. Salih ◽  
Hawre Kh. Abdulla ◽  
Zanear Sh. Ahmed ◽  
Nigar M. Shafiq Surameery ◽  
Rasper Dh. Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Convolution Neural Network ◽  
World Health ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Fully Connected ◽  
The City

First outbreak of COVID-19 was in the city of Wuhan in China in Dec.2019 and then it becomes a pandemic disease all around the world. World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed more than 5.5 million cases and 341,155 deaths from the disease till the time of writing this paper. This new worldwide disease forced researchers to make more precise way to diagnose COVID-19. In the last decade, medical imaging techniques show its efficiency in helping radiologists to detect and diagnose the diseases. Deep learning and transfer learning algorithms are good techniques to detect disease from different image source types such as X-Ray and CT scan images. In this work we used a deep learning technique based on Convolution Neural Network (CNN) to detect and diagnose COVID-19 disease using Chest X-ray images.  Moreover, the modified AlexNet architecture is proposed in different scenarios were differing from each other in terms of the type of the pooling layers and/or the number of the neurons that have used in the second fully connected layer. The used chest X-ray images are gathered from two COVID-19 X-ray image datasets and one dataset includes large number of normal and pneumonia X-ray images. With the proposed models we obtained the same or even better result than the original AlexNet with having a smaller number of neurons in the second fully connected layer.

scholarly journals Automatically identify COVID-19 and Pneumonia patients using Deep learning in Chest X-rays image

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 011-019
Author(s):  
Haris Uddin Sharif ◽  
Shaamim Udding Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Infected Patient ◽  
World Health ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Popular Approach ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The World ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Health Organization

At the end of 2019, a new kind of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) suffered worldwide and has become the pandemic coronavirus (COVID-19). The outbreak of this virus let to crisis around the world and kills millions of people globally. On March 2020, WHO (World Health Organization) declared it as pandemic disease. The first symptom of this virus is identical to flue and it destroys the human respiratory system. For the identification of this disease, the first key step is the screening of infected patients. The easiest and most popular approach for screening of the COVID-19 patients is chest X-ray images. In this study, our aim to automatically identify the COVID-19 and Pneumonia patients by the X-ray image of infected patient. To identify COVID19 and Pneumonia disease, the convolution Neural Network was training on publicly available dataset on GitHub and Kaggle. The model showed the 98% and 96% training accuracy for three and four classes respectively. The accuracy scores showed the robustness of both model and efficiently deployment for identification of COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals A hybrid deep learning approach towards building an intelligent system for pneumonia detection in chest X-ray images

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 5530
Author(s):  
Ihssan S. Masad ◽  
Amin Alqudah ◽  
Ali Mohammad Alqudah ◽  
Sami Almashaqbeh
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray

<span>Pneumonia is a major cause for the death of children. In order to overcome the subjectivity and time consumption of the traditional detection of pneumonia from chest X-ray images; this work hypothesized that a hybrid deep learning system that consists of a convolutional neural network (CNN) model with another type of classifiers will improve the performance of the detection system. Three types of classifiers (support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), and random forest (RF) were used along with the traditional CNN classification system (Softmax) to automatically detect pneumonia from chest X-ray images. The performance of the hybrid systems was comparable to that of the traditional CNN model with Softmax in terms of accuracy, precision, and specificity; except for the RF hybrid system which had less performance than the others. On the other hand, KNN hybrid system had the best consumption time, followed by the SVM, Softmax, and lastly the RF system. However, this improvement in consumption time (up to 4 folds) was in the expense of the sensitivity. A new hybrid artificial intelligence methodology for pneumonia detection has been implemented using small-sized chest X-ray images. The novel system achieved a very efficient performance with a short classification consumption time.</span>

scholarly journals Automated Diagnosis of Chest X-Ray for Early Detection of COVID-19 Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Mohammed Senan ◽  
Ali Alzahrani ◽  
Mohammed Y. Alzahrani ◽  
Nizar Alsharif ◽  
Theyazn H. H. Aldhyani
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
World Health ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Medical Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

In March 2020, the World Health Organization announced the COVID-19 pandemic, its dangers, and its rapid spread throughout the world. In March 2021, the second wave of the pandemic began with a new strain of COVID-19, which was more dangerous for some countries, including India, recording 400,000 new cases daily and more than 4,000 deaths per day. This pandemic has overloaded the medical sector, especially radiology. Deep-learning techniques have been used to reduce the burden on hospitals and assist physicians for accurate diagnoses. In our study, two models of deep learning, ResNet-50 and AlexNet, were introduced to diagnose X-ray datasets collected from many sources. Each network diagnosed a multiclass (four classes) and a two-class dataset. The images were processed to remove noise, and a data augmentation technique was applied to the minority classes to create a balance between the classes. The features extracted by convolutional neural network (CNN) models were combined with traditional Gray-level Cooccurrence Matrix (GLCM) and Local Binary Pattern (LBP) algorithms in a 1-D vector of each image, which produced more representative features for each disease. Network parameters were tuned for optimum performance. The ResNet-50 network reached accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 95%, 94.5%, 98%, and 97.10%, respectively, with the multiclasses (COVID-19, viral pneumonia, lung opacity, and normal), while it reached accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of 99%, 98%, 98%, and 97.51%, respectively, with the binary classes (COVID-19 and normal).

scholarly journals Expert Hypertension Detection System Featuring Pulse Plethysmograph Signals and Hybrid Feature Selection and Reduction Scheme

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umar Khan ◽  
Sumair Aziz ◽  
Tallha Akram ◽  
Fatima Amjad ◽  
Khushbakht Iqtidar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feature Selection ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
World Health ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Hypertension Detection ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Health Organization

Hypertension is an antecedent to cardiac disorders. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of people affected with hypertension will reach around 1.56 billion by 2025. Early detection of hypertension is imperative to prevent the complications caused by cardiac abnormalities. Hypertension usually possesses no apparent detectable symptoms; hence, the control rate is significantly low. Computer-aided diagnosis based on machine learning and signal analysis has recently been applied to identify biomarkers for the accurate prediction of hypertension. This research proposes a new expert hypertension detection system (EHDS) from pulse plethysmograph (PuPG) signals for the categorization of normal and hypertension. The PuPG signal data set, including rich information of cardiac activity, was acquired from healthy and hypertensive subjects. The raw PuPG signals were preprocessed through empirical mode decomposition (EMD) by decomposing a signal into its constituent components. A combination of multi-domain features was extracted from the preprocessed PuPG signal. The features exhibiting high discriminative characteristics were selected and reduced through a proposed hybrid feature selection and reduction (HFSR) scheme. Selected features were subjected to various classification methods in a comparative fashion in which the best performance of 99.4% accuracy, 99.6% sensitivity, and 99.2% specificity was achieved through weighted k-nearest neighbor (KNN-W). The performance of the proposed EHDS was thoroughly assessed by tenfold cross-validation. The proposed EHDS achieved better detection performance in comparison to other electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmograph (PPG)-based methods.

scholarly journals Death/Recovery Prediction for Covid-19 Patients using Machine Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
The World ◽  
Probability Of Death ◽  
Health Organization

Covid19 is a newly discovered corona virus that has been officially announced as a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. It is a new virus in the medical field that has no specific treatment and no vaccines until this moment. Covid19 is spreading very fast as the medical systems over the world are not able to hospitalize all the patients which lead into a significant increase in the number of the virus death. This work uses machine learning models to predict which patient has a higher probability of death. Three different algorithms such as multilayer perceptron, support vector machine and K nearest neighbor were used in this work. The accuracies achieved were between 92% to 100% with MLP, SVM and KNN. SVM achieved the highest accuracy. The models were evaluated through precision, accuracy, recall and F measure.

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