scholarly journals Topical issues of handwriting analysis of signatures performed with a significant gap in time

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-147
Author(s):  
O. Drobysheva ◽  
D. Gaydamakina ◽  
O. Cataraga ◽  
Dr. S. Alămoreanu
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Handwriting Analysis ◽  
Significant Time ◽  
Low Coherence ◽  
Time Gap ◽  
Forensic Expert ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Writing Practice ◽  
Scientific Standards ◽  
Lengthy Process

At the present stage, the objects of forensic handwriting analysis are signatures performed with a significant gap in time. In this case, such objects are both signatures in studied documents, made at different intervals and studied signatures performed in relation to the comparative material with a time gap. Establishing stability of signature signs depending on performing time is possible taking into account  characteristic signs  of the stages of the signature handwriting formation. Since the factors causing changes in signatures are a lengthy process of forming the signature skill and the amount of signature practice (that is how often a person has to sign). While research on signatures that are at the formation stage, different signs, established together with significant coinciding signs canindicate a further improvement of movements. In personsof middle age (30-60 years old) who have a formed signature handwriting, significant changes do not occur over time until they stop practicing writing. While research on elderly people signatures along with the established coinciding signs, differing ones appear: signs of ataxia, decreased coordination of movements, low coherence of written signs, etc. These signs indicate degradation of movements due to physiological changes in the body in old age and a decrease in writing practice including practice of performing signature. Considering the above, research on signatures performed with a significant time gap is a rather complicated process that often causes difficulties when forensic expert evaluates revealed signs. Within the framework of this research paper, the authors focused on some topical issues existing in modern forensic expert practice of handwriting analyses of signatures performed with a significant time gap. The state of development of modern practical handwriting studies requires improvement of methodological approaches to this type of research. Currently, forensic experts are conducting R&D on the topic: “Improving research methods of signatures performed with a significant gap in time” which relevance is due to the need to improve forensic expert algorithm while handwriting research on signatures performed with a significant gap in time, as well as requirements of modern scientific standards.

scholarly journals The Application of Public Data in Forensic Real Estate Valuations: Problems, Limitations, Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Butyrin ◽  
V. M. Kruglyakova ◽  
I. A. Shipilova
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Initial Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Legal Authority ◽  
Data Completeness ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
Forensic Expert

One of the problems with the practice of legal proceedings is the determination of the legal authority limits of a forensic expert when he forms an array of initial data, the structure and content of which would provide a full and comprehensive research of the issues put before him by the body (person) having appointed the examination. The possibility of the specifed initial data completeness ensuring is suggested and substantiated in the article, arguments arising from the provisions of the law concerning neutralization of the traditional criticism directions of the expert in this part during his interrogation in the course of judicial proceedings on his conclusion are adduced.

scholarly journals GENERAL METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO CARRY OUT EXPERT RESEARCHES WHOSE OBJECTS ARE VARIOUS MEANS OF INDIVIDUALIZATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 362-370
Author(s):  
N. V. Kisil
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Forensic Expert ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Expert Practice

The methodological approaches to the execution of expert researches related to various means of individualization are formulated on the basis of generalizing the publications on theoretical, common methodological issues as well as on the basis of the analysis of forensic expert practice in the field of intellectual property, where the objects of research are the means of individualizing the goods, services and participants in civil circulation.

Remote automated medical examinations system before admission to work: the experience of Air Liquide

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
A. Skachkov
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Significant Time ◽  
Time Costs ◽  
Medical Examinations

To identify the influence of various factors on the body of drivers, a regular medical examination is carried out before the trip. Meanwhile, during its conduct, there are problems that consist in significant time costs, lack of necessary equipment, difficulties in conducting examinations at night and on weekends, etc. According to the author, many of these can be solved by creating special remote automated medical examination systems. The article offers solutions implemented by Air Liquide, as well as the results of the analysis of the obtained statistics.

Gigantocharinus szatmaryi, a new trigonotarbid arachnid from the Late Devonian of North America (Chelicerata, Arachnida, Trigonotarbida)

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Shear
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Middle Devonian ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Upper Devonian ◽  
Late Carboniferous ◽  
Late Devonian ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Significant Time ◽  
The Family ◽  
Time Gap

A new trigonotarbid arachnid, Gigantocharinus szatmaryi new genus and species, is described from Upper Devonian (Late Famennian) sediments in Pennsylvania. Devonian trigonotarbids were known before from only a single North American locality and several European ones. The new trigonotarbid occurs in what had previously been a significant time gap between the faunas of the Middle Devonian and the late Carboniferous. Gigantocharinus szatmaryi is assigned with some hesitation to the family Palaeocharinidae.

scholarly journals PROBLEMATIC ISSUES AND WAYS FOR THEIR RESOLUTION WHILE RESEARCH ON TAX CREDIT OF VALUE-ADDED TAX (Review Article)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Fesenko
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Tax Credit ◽  
Handwriting Analysis ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Primary Documents ◽  
Tax Audit ◽  
Forensic Expert ◽  
Audit Reports

The article deals with problematic issues faced by a forensic economist in practice when conducting a forensic economic examination in relation to confirmation of violations established by tax audit reports of the State tax service of Ukraine, particularly tax credit overstatement, which in their essence are legal in nature and require not only knowledge in the field of economics, accounting, tax accounting and reporting, but also legal knowledge. The Article purpose is to highlight a number of challenging issues that arise during forensic economic examination; ways to resolve them are suggested, at the same time examples from forensic practice are offered. The analysis of judicial practice and the role of availability of a court judgment concluded between enterprises on invalidation of documents, of the results of handwriting analysis for investigative bodies while appointment of forensic economic examination is substantiated. According to the results of the carried out research, it was concluded that, in order to verify tax audit reports on violations of tax legislation, in terms of tax credit overstatement which in its essence are of a legal nature, a forensic expert should be provided not only with properly executed primary documents, but also judgment concluded between enterprises on recognition of invalid documents, court verdict on fictitious nature of the entity of economic activity, which became legally binding. Prior to appointment of forensic economic examination, it is expedient to conduct handwriting analysis (in case of signing of tax and expenditure invoices by a non-authorized person). In questions addressed to a forensic expert-economist, it is useful to take into consideration court judgment and handwriting analysis forensic report. All the above will increase the number of disclosure of economic crimes and provide money to the budget of a country.

scholarly journals On the Evolving World of What Constitutes Qualitative Synthesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Thorne
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
The Body ◽  
Knowledge Development ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Original Intent ◽  
Strategic Direction ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Practice Knowledge ◽  
Health Field ◽  
Qualitative Literature

As the body of available qualitatively derived knowledge expands, there is increasing temptation to capitalize on it to generate knowledge synthesis products. Concurrently, in the wake of an ever-expanding enthusiasm for evidence-based practice knowledge in health care, scholars are facing pressure to forgo the more narrative or interpretive form of literature review in favor of reviews that are positioned as explicitly systematic. This has created a context in which both new and seasoned scholars are, in increasing numbers, working with extant bodies of qualitative literature in ways that counter the very motivations that drove health researchers into qualitative methods in the first place. In this commentary, I trace the evolution of this trend, illustrating how a reasonable original intent has taken a misguided turn in the context of competing understandings and priorities in health care knowledge development. On this basis, I propose a strategic direction for this journal as a leader in what constitutes the meaningful application of qualitative research methodological approaches, including that which purports to represent synthesis of available knowledge, for the purposes of addressing the inherently complex challenges of the health field.

FORENSIC EXAMINATION OF SHORT SIGNATURES

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Syrotenko ◽  
R. Tamoshiunaite ◽  
V. Abrosymova
Keyword(s):  
Measuring Method ◽  
Dialectical Materialism ◽  
Instrumental Method ◽  
Handwriting Analysis ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Forensic Expert ◽  
Modelling Methods ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Short Signatures ◽  
General Method

This article is devoted to the topical problem of forensic handwriting analysis: research on short simple signatures and on solution of identification and diagnostic problems regarding such objects. On the basis of examples from forensic expert practice in Hon. Prof. M. S. Bokarius Kharkiv Research Institute of Forensic Examinations, the possibility of solving forensic handwriting problems while the study of short and simple signatures is illustrated. It is noted that current methodical state of forensic science institutes of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine allows to conduct forensic handwriting analysis as well as forensic handwriting research on these objects using traditional methods. While solving such issues, the general method of scientific cognition: dialectical materialism; Empirical research method; the method of analysis and synthesis; observation, experimentation and modelling methods; instrumental method, measuring method; qualitatively descriptive method have been used. Research proved possibility of identification and diagnostic forensic handwriting tasks solution while the study of short simple signatures provided that forensic experts have a sufficient amount of informative comparative material. The present subjective approach in defining “suitability” of low- informative objects for solution of identification and diagnostic issues is stressed in the article. Success while solving the indicated forensic handwriting tasks depends on the professional level of forensic expert.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Study of External Ear: A Comparative Study in Medical Students of Nepalgunj Medical College in Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Gupta ◽  
M. N. Ambekar
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Individual Identity ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Forensic Expert

Background: Anthropometry is the measurements of the body parts in the living or dead persons with the help of instruments. Many studies in the past are done for various purposes such as: adding data to statistical data bank, to estimate stature, age differences. The study on the measurement of ear is also helpful to forensic expert for individual identity, to cosmetic surgeon to correct shape and size or reconstruct the auricle, to electronic companies to prepare hearing aids and lastly to prosthetic makers who required average measurement of the auricle to prepare prosthesis. Aim and objective of the study: The aim of the study was to determine the normal anthropometric measurement of external ear in male and female Nepalese and Indian medical students. Material and methods: This study was conducted on 200 medical students (Nepalese students 134 and Indian student 66). The study was conducted during October 2017 to November 2017. All the important parameters were obtained using vernier caliper. Results: In Indian male auricular height and lobular height was found more than Nepalese. Auricular width was equal in both. Lobular width was more in left auricle and equal in right auricle in female. All parameters are more in Indian than Nepalese. Conclusion: These measurements are helpful for forensic expert in individual identity, for cosmetic surgeries, correction of anomalies of auricle, for designing hearing aids and prepare prosthesis.

scholarly journals Methodological approaches to the application of burns classifications in determining the severity of injuries in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Hurov ◽  
Dmytro Hladkykh ◽  
Viktor Sapielkin ◽  
Vitalii Shcherbak ◽  
Dmytro Lys
Keyword(s):  
Medical Practice ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Thermal Burns ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Thermal Injuries ◽  
Forensic Expert ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The article considers the existing classifications of thermal burns by the depth of the lesion. The analysis and comparison of different classifications among themselves is carried out. The problems that may arise in forensic medical practice in determining the severity of thermal burns, which are associated with the use of different classifications, are demonstrated. The use of different classifications of burns according to the depth of the lesion can lead to incorrect determination of the severity of injuries when compiling the "Expert Conclusion". Methodological approaches that will avoid this are presented. The aim of the work. Elaboration of methodological approaches to the use of modern classifications of burns, which are introduced in Ukraine and in other countries, during forensic medical examinations of thermal injuries. Materials and methods. Analysis, synthesis, comparison and analogy of printed and electronic legal documents of Ukraine, domestic and foreign forensic and medical literature on burn injury. Results. Analysis and comparison of different modifications of burns classification by depth of injury revealed that modern classifications by combinations of numbers and letters differ from the classification of burns by depth, which is used in forensic practice in Ukraine in determining the severity of thermal injuries. The forensic expert during the examination in cases of thermal injury examines the medical records that contain information about the treatment of the victim. Victims can be treated in various medical institutions both in Ukraine and abroad. Thus, different classifications are used in the formulation of the diagnosis, which can lead to incorrect determination of the severity of the injury caused by high temperature. The result is a biased "Expert Conclusion", which may later be considered inadequate evidence in criminal proceedings. To prevent erroneous assessment of the degree of burns, the expert must find out what classification of burns is used in making a clinical diagnosis, and interpret the specified degree of burns in accordance with the gradation of burns, which regulates the activities of forensic experts. Conclusion. At present, the «Rules of forensic determination of the severity of injuries», which were approved in Ukraine in 1995, don't provide adequate methodological support for forensic expert research, which should correspond to the current level of development of medical science and clinical practice. The introduction of the achievements of world medicine into the domestic forensic medical practice should be facilitated by modern legal documents regulating the activities of forensic medical institutions of Ukraine.

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