scholarly journals Features of establishing the presence of blood in old stains by the method of thin-layer vertical chromatography

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 400-409
Author(s):  
E. Mosiiuk ◽  
O. Karasova
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Erroneous Conclusion ◽  
Blood Stains ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Bloodstain Pattern ◽  
Subsequent Determination

Due to the fact that the bloodstain pattern analysis takes the first place in the structure of the study of biological objects, the question of the study of blood patterns is relevant today. The main task (that will allow to solve the following, which puts the investigation before the experts), is to prove that these patterns, which are examined, contain blood, (regardless of their remoteness, attempts to destroy patterns of blood), find out its types or refute traces of blood. If the expert fails to prove the presence of blood, he must refuse to address the following issues. Otherwise, the expert may obtain results that will ultimately lead him to an erroneous conclusion. The article considers options for extraction of old blood stains in order to establish the presence of blood by the method of thin-layer vertical chromatography. This question is still relevant, as biological material can change under the influence of environmental factors and time and this can be an obstacle to establishing the fact of its presence on physical evidence, and also it can do harm to the quality of the study and the correctness of the conclusions, made as a result of the study. In order to select substances, that could provide rapid extraction of old blood stains, a study was performed using weak solutions of alkalis and acids and subsequent determination of the presence of blood by thin layer vertical chromatography. In immunological studies, there have been cases where blood crusts on non-hygroscopic surfaces under the influence of natural factors (such as high temperatures and direct sun rays) have not been extracted in saline and distilled water for several days. In addition, when using known blood samples in the reactions, the dependence of the saturation of the extracts on the age of the samples and the time of their extraction. These observations prompted researches in the sector of biological research and accounting of the Cherkasy NDEKTs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs on methods for extracting old blood stains, which would allow to detect blood in the shortest possible time by the method of thin-layer vertical chromatography.

QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF RADIOGRAPHIC CONTROL INFORMATIVENESS USING ROC ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Sorokin ◽  
D. I. Galkin ◽  
E. A. Ivanayskiy
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Radiographic Testing ◽  
Subsequent Determination ◽  
Sample Test

In industrial radiography the issue of replacing film detectors with digital ones is becoming increasingly relevant. Also remains unresolved the question of an objective comparison of various radiographic testing (RT). This article presents the results of research, aimed at obtaining a quantitative assessment of RT technology informativeness. In order to construct ROC curves, characterizing the quality of binary classification, using a specific RT technology, there was designed and manufactured a sample test, containing a simulation of the most difficult to detect by RK results (U-shaped grooves 0.1 mm wide and various depths) randomly distributed discontinuities. Such test sample was made using additive technology. Developed manufacturing technology made it possible to ensure sufficient accuracy of linear dimensions, taking into account the product’s design features. After exposure of test object to various detectors, there was a decoding procedure, conducted by experts, whose task was to establish the presence / absence of a defect in analyzed element of the image. Applying such technique, used in results analysis of deciphering the images of sample test, made it possible to minimize the influence of human factor and obtain ROC curves, reflecting the capabilities of RT technology only. The subsequent determination of ROC curves parameters allows to conduct a comparative analysis of informativeness of the technologies under consideration. The example of comparison between detectors Agfa D4 and Agfa D7, given in article’s conclusion, demonstrates the possibilities of presented technique.

scholarly journals Studies of Used to Forest Product by Dayak Meratus Tribe in the Forest Area of Meratus Mountain, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
M. Amin Sunarhadi ◽  
Siti Masitoh Kartikawati
Keyword(s):  
Forest Area ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
The Status ◽  
Forest Resources Management ◽  
Development Center

Dayak Meratus tribe is the native tribe that lives in the forest area of Meratus Mountain. Biological basic data on plant biodiversity in the area, particularly plants utilized by Dayak Meratus tribe, have not been much discovered. The research are: (1) to discover the traditional characteristic and knowledge of Dayak Meratus tribe, (2) to determine the priority of plants to be conserved, (3) to study local government policy in the forest resources management and, (4) to determine the strategy of priority plants conservation. Research was conducted at Meratus Mountain forest area, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency and Herbarium Bogoriense, Biological Research and Development Center of LIPI, Bogor, from July to September 2002. Determination of priority plants is based on 4 criteria: (1) Index of Cultural Significance that consists of three value, that are: quality of use, intensity of use, exclusivity of use, (2) Distribution, (3) Status in the nature area (wild, semi domesticated, domesticated/cultivated), and (4) the characteristic of use/utilization by the community (commercial, subsistence). The number of plant species used by Dayak Meratus Tribe is 240 species of 18 use characteristic, 2 species endemic, 14 species rare, 111 species have more than one utilization function, 20 medicinal plants can be used as a consideration in changing the status of protected forest to conservation areas with status of national park.

PROBLEMS OF ENSURING ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY IN RECREATIONAL AREAS OF SEVASTOPOL

2020 ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
G.A. Sigora ◽  
T.Yu. Khomenko ◽  
L.A. Nichkova
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Subsequent Determination ◽  
Safe State ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Recreation And Tourism

Taking into account the problems of ensuring an environmentally safe state of recreation and tourism zones on the territory of Sevastopol, the article presents the results of a study of the water quality of 76 underground springs in the Sevastopol region. The results of the analysis of the obtained data on the chemical composition of spring waters allow us to identify the most polluted sources and track the dynamics of changes in the content of «pollution markers» with the subsequent determination of possible causes of pollution. All sources are divided into three groups: «clean», «relatively clean» and «polluted», the location of which is shown on maps. Studies were conducted on 23 indicators of drinking water quality. The average values of the measured indicators for each category of underground sources under study are presented. In 46% of cases, significant excess of the content of nitrate ions and chlorides in the underground and spring waters of the Sevastopol region was detected, which makes it possible to judge their unsuitability for drinking and agricultural purposes.

Determination of Bacterial ATP Levels in Raw Milk: Selectivity of Non-Bacterial ATP Hydrolysis

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL P. THERON ◽  
BERNARD A. PRIOR ◽  
PIETER M. LATEGAN
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Atp Hydrolysis ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Atp Content ◽  
Subsequent Determination ◽  
Limited Application

The selective destruction of non-bacterial ATP and subsequent determination of bacterial ATP using the ATP bioluminescent technique was investigated. Treatments to release ATP from somatic cells and hydrolyze free ATP also significantly reduced the ATP content of Enterobacter cloacae in skim and raw milk. The reduction can mainly be ascribed to apyrase (an ATPase) affecting the ATP content of intact bacteria. Somatic cell treatments failed to completely eliminate non-bacterial ATP. Although treatment with a somatic releasing reagent, EDTA and apyrase, resulted in a 96% reduction in the ATP content of raw milk, the remaining non-bacterial ATP was still considerably more than found in the bacterial component of raw milk studied here. Until reagents are available to selectively destroy all non-bacterial ATP without affecting the bacterial ATP content, the bioluminescent technique will have limited application in determination of the bacterial quality of raw milk.

scholarly journals Bacteriological studies of pathogenic microflora in respiratory diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
T. Ospanova ◽  
◽  
L. Komardina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
And Control

The main task of microbiological study of pulmonary patients is to identify the etiology of acute and exacerbation of chronic disease in order to determine therapy and control its effectiveness. Classical methods of microbiological research consist in isolating a pure culture of the causative agent of the disease with its identification by biochemical, antigenic and other characteristics. Such studies are multistage; they impose rather strict requirements on the quality of the source material, the timing and conditions of its transportation, laboratory equipment and the precise execution of the research methodology for at least 3-5 days. Isolation of the culture of a number of pathogens (atypical intracellular microflora, anaerobic bacteria, mycobacterium tuberculosis) requires even more lengthy studies using special media and equipment. This article presents the results of a bacteriological study of pathogenic microflora in diseases of the respiratory system of the population of the Shcherbakty district of Pavlodar region for 2017-2019, including the following sequence: microscopy of native and Gram stained smears; inoculation of biological material on nutrient media for isolation and identification of the pathogen; determination of the sensitivity of the isolated microorganism to antibiotics; immunological (serological) research methods aimed at determining antigens of microbiological origin, as well as antibodies to them in the patient's body. It has been shown that conducting bacteriological studies in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents allows obtaining reliable and comparable results necessary both for the optimal treatment of patients and for collecting and analyzing data on monitoring the emergence and spread of diseases of the respiratory system caused by pathogenic microflora.

On the issue of approaches to rationing number of employees in activities of fire investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
S. J. Karpov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Fire Investigation ◽  
Qualitative Investigation ◽  
Executive Authority

Introduction. As part of the implementation of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of fire safety for the period up to 2030, one of the priority tasks is personnel resource support, as well as improving the management system in the body of inquiry of the EMERCOM of Russia. Therefore, the determination of the optimal number of interrogators will allow us to form an effective structure and perform the functions of investigating fires efficiently and in a timely manner. The quality of the performance of the functions of EMERCOM of Russia depends on the required number of employees, their professional training and material and technical support, which in modern conditions should be determined on the basis of multifactorial approaches. Goals and objectives. The main task of the article is to analyze the existing norms and approaches for determining the number of employees of bodies whose activities are related to the investigation of fires. For the analysis, the structures of executive authorities that perform the largest amount of work in this area are selected. This allows us to draw certain conclusions and suggestions for improving methods and techniques for calculating the effective number of employees of territorial divisions whose activities are related to the investigation of fires. Methods. The use of the analytical and scientific method allows us to analyze the trend in the development of approaches to determining the number of law enforcement officers whose activities are related to the investigation of crimes associated with fires. Results and their discussion. The article analyzes the criteria by which the approximate number of employees necessary to perform tasks in the serviced territory is determined earlier and at the present time, taking into account standard staff assignments. The questions about the application of a differentiated approach in determining the number of employees, taking into account various additional factors that affect the efficiency and quality of the fire investigation, are raised. Conclusion. The optimal determination of the number of employees solves many tasks both of a direct purpose related to a qualitative investigation of a fire, and of a socio-economic nature. This makes it possible to determine in the future the optimal funding for the tasks assigned to the executive authority, as well as to increase the level of fire safety through a qualitative investigation. Keywords: personnel resource management, number of employees, investigator, fire investigation, fire, fire safety

Experimental Determination of the Effective Resolution Limit in Thick Specimens at High Voltages

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 664-665
Author(s):  
Mircea Fotino
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Resolution Level

The use of thick specimens (0.5 μm to 5.0 μm or more) is one of the most resourceful applications of high-voltage electron microscopy in biological research. However, the energy loss experienced by the electron beam in the specimen results in chromatic aberration and thus in a deterioration of the effective resolving power. This sets a limit to the maximum usable specimen thickness when investigating structures requiring a certain resolution level.An experimental approach is here described in which the deterioration of the resolving power as a function of specimen thickness is determined. In a manner similar to the Rayleigh criterion in which two image points are considered resolved at the resolution limit when their profiles overlap such that the minimum of one coincides with the maximum of the other, the resolution attainable in thick sections can be measured by the distance from minimum to maximum (or, equivalently, from 10% to 90% maximum) of the broadened profile of a well-defined step-like object placed on the specimen.

Tingkat Pemahaman Kompetensi Guru Pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Geografi Sebagai Calon Guru Geografi

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-117
Author(s):  
Novia Zalmita ◽  
Muhajirah Muhajirah ◽  
Abdul Wahab Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Prospective Teacher ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Geography Education ◽  
Teacher Competence ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Long Time

One that influences human resource indicators is education. The teacher is a profession as a job of academic specialization in a relatively long time in college. Understanding related to teacher competence is very important to have by a prospective teacher because it can affect the quality of performance as a professional teacher. The teacher's competence is known as pedagogic, professional, social and personality competencies. The issue in this study is how the competency of the teacher of the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah as a prospective teacher of geography? The purpose of this study was to determine the competence of teachers in the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah as prospective geography teachers. Quantitative description approach is used in this study to find answers to the issue. The population in this study were students of the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah class of 2015 and 2016 who had been declared to have passed the Micro Teaching and Magang Kependidikan 3 course totaling 50 people. Because the population is small and can be reached, the determination of the sample using total sampling techniques so that the sample in this study is the whole population. Data collection is done by distributing test questions to respondents. The data was analyzed using the descriptive statistics percentage formula. The results of the study indicate that the level of teacher competence of Geography Education Department students as prospective teachers is in the moderate category, namely as many as 22 respondents (44%). A total of 12 respondents (24%) were in the high category, 15 respondents (30%) were in the low category and 1 respondent (2%) were in the very low category.

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