Current conceptions and promising tools to prevent cataractogenesis

This paper highlights current pharmacotherapeutic modalities for various metabolic disorders which result in cataract. This therapy is preferable for the prevention and treatment of lens opacities due to less financial costs and ease of use. A novel strategy of the medical treatment for cataract was developed. Several compounds prevent the generation of lens protein aggregates and to contribute to their degradation. Oxidative stress, excessive quinoid substances, and activation of aldose reductase promote cataract progression. Quinoid theory suggests that quinones, which are produced because of impaired metabolism of aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine etc.) are important for cataractogenesis. Lens opacity occurs when its water-soluble proteins denature and transform into dense compounds under the influence of quinones. Many studies clearly demonstrate that Catalin (pirenoxine) eye drops provide anti-cataract effect on all layers of the lens, in particular, cortex and posterior capsule. High therapeutic efficacy and long-term safety allow for recommending Catalin to slow the progression of cataract, in particular, early cataracts in patients under 59 years of age. Further studies are needed to assess the effects of pirenoxine in various cataracts and risk of cataracts. Cited published data best illustrate the crux of this issue. Keywords: lens, cataract, antioxidants, quinoid compounds, cataractogenesis, medical treatment, pirenoxine, oxidative stress. For citation: Kovalevskaya M.A., Vladimirova Yu.V., Filina L.A., Kokorev V.L. Current conceptions and promising tools to prevent cataractogenesis. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(1):24–28. DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-1-24-28.

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Melatonin: a novel strategy for prevention of obesity and fat accumulation in peripheral organs through the improvements of circadian rhythms and antioxidative capacity

Melatonin Research ◽

10.32794/mr11250048 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 58-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bohan Rong ◽

Qiong Wu ◽

Chao Sun

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Circadian Rhythms ◽

Regulatory Mechanisms ◽

Antioxidative Capacity ◽

Unicellular Alga ◽

Peripheral Tissues ◽

Peripheral Organs ◽

Regulatory Effects ◽

Novel Strategy

Melatonin is a well-known molecule for its involvement in circadian rhythm regulation and its contribution to protection against oxidative stress in organisms including unicellular alga, animals and plants. Currently, the bio-regulatory effects of melatonin on the physiology of various peripheral tissues have drawn a great attention of scientists. Although melatonin was previously defined as a neurohormone secreted from pineal gland, recently it has been identified that virtually, every cell has the capacity to synthesize melatonin and the locally generated melatonin has multiple pathophysiological functions, including regulations of obesity and metabolic syndromes. Herein, we focus on the effects of melatonin on fat deposition in various peripheral organs/tissues. The two important regulatory mechanisms related to the topic, i.e., the improvements of circadian rhythms and antioxidative capacity will be thoroughly discussed since they are linked to several biomarkers involved in obesity and energy imbalance, including metabolism and immunity. Furthermore, several other functions of melatonin which may serve to prevent or promote obesity and energy dysmetabolism-induced pathological states are also addressed. The organs of special interest include liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and the gut microbiota.

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Novel Insights into the Regulatory Role of Nuclear Factor (Erythroid-Derived 2)-Like 2 in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation of Human Fetal Membranes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21176139 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (17) ◽

pp. 6139 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ramkumar Menon ◽

Morgan R Peltier

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Heme Oxygenase ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Fetal Membrane ◽

Fetal Membranes ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Nuclear Factor ◽

Western Blots ◽

Adverse Pregnancy ◽

Nrf2 Expression

Fetal membrane dysfunction in response to oxidative stress (OS) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is one of the regulators of innate OS response. This study evaluated changes in Nrf2 expression and its downstream targets heme oxygenase (HO-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in fetal membranes during OS and infection in vitro. Furthermore, we tested the roles of sulforaphane (SFN; an extract from cruciferous vegetables) and trigonelline (TRN; an aromatic compound in coffee) in regulating Nrf2 and its targets. Fetal membranes (n = 6) collected at term were placed in an organ explant system were treated with water-soluble cigarette smoke extract (CSE), an OS inducer (1:10), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 ng/mL). Nrf2 expression, expression, its enhancement by sulforaphane (SFN, 10 µM/mL) and down regulation by TRN (10uM/mL) was determined by western blots. Expression of Nrf2 response elements PPARγ (western) heme oxygenase (HO-1), and IL-6 were quantified by ELISA. CSE and LPS treatment of fetal membranes increased nrf2, but reduced HO-1 and PPARγ and increased IL-6. Co-treatment of SFN, but not with TRN, with CSE and LPS increased Nrf2 substantially, as well as increased HO-1 and PPARγ and reduced IL-6 expression. Risk factor-induced Nrf2 increase is insufficient to generate an antioxidant response in fetal membranes. Sulforaphane may enhance innate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity by increasing NRF-2 expression.

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Cisplatin Resistance Reversal of Lung Cancers by Tumor Acidity-Activable Vesicular Nanoreactors via Tumor Oxidative Stress Amplification

Journal of Materials Chemistry B ◽

10.1039/d0tb02876b ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jean Felix Mukerabigwi ◽

Yu Han ◽

Nannan Lu ◽

Wendong Ke ◽

Yuheng Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Therapeutic Efficacy ◽

Cisplatin Resistance ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Lung Cancers ◽

Resistance Reversal ◽

Tumor Acidity ◽

Stress Amplification ◽

Novel Strategy

Drug resistance of cisplatin significantly limits its therapeutic efficacy in clinical applications against a variety of cancers. Herein, we develop a novel strategy to overcome cisplatin drug resistance through sensitizing...

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Lens protein-thiol mixed disulfide under oxidative stress and its possible role in cataractogenesis

Experimental Eye Research ◽

10.1016/0014-4835(92)91030-2 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 55 ◽

pp. 235

Author(s):

M.F. Lou ◽

J.E. Dickerson ◽

Xiao-Lan Cui

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lens Protein ◽

Protein Thiol ◽

Mixed Disulfide

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A Water-Soluble Fullerene Vesicle Alleviates Angiotensin II-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Umbilical Venous Endothelial Cells

Hypertension Research ◽

10.1291/hypres.31.141 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 141-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Rui MAEDA ◽

Eisei NOIRI ◽

Hiroyuki ISOBE ◽

Tatsuya HOMMA ◽

Tamami TANAKA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Endothelial Cells ◽

Angiotensin Ii ◽

Water Soluble

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Effect of supplementation of water-soluble vitamins on oxidative stress and blood pressure in prehypertensives

Clinical and Experimental Hypertension ◽

10.3109/10641963.2013.827695 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 15-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Prashanth Talikoti ◽

Zachariah Bobby ◽

Abdoul Hamide

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Water Soluble

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Visualizing Cancer Cell Metabolic Dynamics Regulated With Aromatic Amino Acids Using DO-SRS and 2PEF Microscopy

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences ◽

10.3389/fmolb.2021.779702 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Pegah Bagheri ◽

Khang Hoang ◽

Anthony A. Fung ◽

Sahran Hussain ◽

Lingyan Shi

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Amino Acids ◽

Protein Synthesis ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Lipid Droplets ◽

De Novo ◽

Culture Media ◽

Aromatic Amino Acids ◽

Unsaturated Lipids ◽

Metabolic Activities

Oxidative imbalance plays an essential role in the progression of many diseases that include cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Aromatic amino acids (AAA) such as phenylalanine and tryptophan have the capability of escalating oxidative stress because of their involvement in the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Here, we use D2O (heavy water) probed stimulated Raman scattering microscopy (DO-SRS) and two Photon Excitation Fluorescence (2PEF) microscopy as a multimodal imaging approach to visualize metabolic changes in HeLa cells under excess AAA such as phenylalanine or trytophan in culture media. The cellular spatial distribution of de novo lipogenesis, new protein synthesis, NADH, Flavin, unsaturated lipids, and saturated lipids were all imaged and quantified in this experiment. Our studies reveal ∼10% increase in de novo lipogenesis and the ratio of NADH to flavin, and ∼50% increase of the ratio of unsaturated lipids to saturated lipid in cells treated with excess phenylalanine or trytophan. In contrast, these cells exhibited a decrease in the protein synthesis rate by ∼10% under these AAA treatments. The cellular metabolic activities of these biomolecules are indicators of elevated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, 3D reconstruction images of lipid droplets were acquired and quantified to observe their spatial distribution around cells’ nuceli under different AAA culture media. We observed a higher number of lipid droplets in excess AAA conditions. Our study showcases that DO-SRS imaging can be used to quantitatively study how excess AAA regulates metabolic activities of cells with subcellular resolution in situ.

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Oxidative stress-induced inflammation in susceptible airways by anthropogenic aerosol

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0233425 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. e0233425 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zaira Leni ◽

Laure Estelle Cassagnes ◽

Kaspar R. Daellenbach ◽

Imad El Haddad ◽

Athanasia Vlachou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Inflammatory Mediators ◽

Apical Cell ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

Anthropogenic Aerosol ◽

Bronchial Epithelia ◽

Clear Dose Response ◽

The Impact

Ambient air pollution is one of the leading five health risks worldwide. One of the most harmful air pollutants is particulate matter (PM), which has different physical characteristics (particle size and number, surface area and morphology) and a highly complex and variable chemical composition. Our goal was first to comparatively assess the effects of exposure to PM regarding cytotoxicity, release of pro-inflammatory mediators and gene expression in human bronchial epithelia (HBE) reflecting normal and compromised health status. Second, we aimed at evaluating the impact of various PM components from anthropogenic and biogenic sources on the cellular responses. Air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of fully differentiated HBE derived from normal and cystic fibrosis (CF) donor lungs were exposed at the apical cell surface to water-soluble PM filter extracts for 4 h. The particle dose deposited on cells was 0.9–2.5 and 8.8–25.4 μg per cm2 of cell culture area for low and high PM doses, respectively. Both normal and CF HBE show a clear dose-response relationship with increasing cytotoxicity at higher PM concentrations. The concurrently enhanced release of pro-inflammatory mediators at higher PM exposure levels links cytotoxicity to inflammatory processes. Further, the PM exposure deregulates genes involved in oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways leading to an imbalance of the antioxidant system. Moreover, we identify compromised defense against PM in CF epithelia promoting exacerbation and aggravation of disease. We also demonstrate that the adverse health outcome induced by PM exposure in normal and particularly in susceptible bronchial epithelia is magnified by anthropogenic PM components. Thus, including health-relevant PM components in regulatory guidelines will result in substantial human health benefits and improve protection of the vulnerable population.

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A novel comprehensive program combined optimal medical treatment and lifestyle for type 2 diabetes

10.22541/au.163525379.97538059/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chunsong Hu ◽

Tengiz Tkebuchava ◽

Qinghua Wu

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Medical Treatment ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Current Status ◽

Comprehensive Program ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽

Novel Strategy

This article introduces briefly current status in managing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and an updated classical standardized comprehensive program which combines optimal medical treatment (OMT) with lifestyle modification, that is, intervention of RT-ABCDEFG (iRT-ABCDEFG) for control and prevention of T2D, and discusses its advantages and prospects. Here, G means goals; F means follow-up; E means examination; D means disease & risk factors control; C means changing unhealthy “environment-sleep-emotion-exercise-diet” intervention [E(e)SEEDi] lifestyle & Chinese medicine or control the source of infection & cutting genetic or spreading pathways during the COVID-19 pandemic; B means biohazard control; And A means antagonistic treatment, such as optimal anti-diabetic agents, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLPR) agonists, the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and the ultralong-acting, once-daily basal insulin. As a novel strategy for Intervention of diabetes, this program can be used as a Reverse, Right, and Routine Treatment in clinical practice. Moreover, the vital goals which include less major adverse cardiocerebrovascular events (MACCE) and diabetic complications, less medical costs, longer life expectancy, lower morbidity and mortality, and higher quality of life, will be realized by consistently practicing this program due to early diagnosis, OMT, and overall prevention. Whatever, this program is very helpful to manage or self-manage T2D and improve its outcomes since it highly links to cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, cancer, and other MACCEs.

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