scholarly journals Diagnosis and antibacterial treatment for community-acquired pneumonia in children during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
S.V. Zaitseva ◽  
◽  
O.V. Zaitseva ◽  
E.E. Lokshina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Antibacterial Treatment ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Reasonable Use ◽  
And Child Health

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the reasonable use of antibiotics became an important issue of practical health care. This fact is accounted for by the heavy burden of COVID-19 on healthcare system, difficulties with interpreting respiratory disorders and verifying communityacquired pneumonia using instrumental and laboratory tests. Therefore, the risk of unnecessary prescription of antibiotics and, as a result, the prevalence of antibiotic resistance significantly increase. This paper addresses current ideas about the role of the most common causative agents of community-acquired pneumonia in children, the milestones of the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia, differential diagnosis of viral and bacterial pneumonia, the algorithms of the choice of basic antibacterial treatment in out-patient settings. The authors emphasize that only the use of limited antibiotic spectrum (i.e., amoxicillin, inhibitor-protected aminopenicillins), their rational dosing and course treatment recommended for community-acquired pneumonia will prevent the loss of antibacterial efficacy for infectious diseases. KEYWORDS: community-acquired pneumonia, children, SARS-CoV-2, antibiotic therapy, antibiotic resistance, inhibitor-protected aminopenicillins. FOR CITATION: Zaitseva S.V., Zaitseva O.V., Lokshina E.E. Diagnosis and antibacterial treatment for community-acquired pneumonia in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(1):70–76. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430- 2021-4-1-70-76.

scholarly journals Is the role of rhinoviruses as causative agents of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia over-estimated?

2016 ◽  
Vol 175 (12) ◽  
pp. 1951-1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana V. Spichak ◽  
Svetlana B. Yatsyshina ◽  
Lubov К. Кatosova ◽  
Svetlana S. Кim ◽  
Matti O. Korppi
Keyword(s):  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Causative Agents

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF COMMUNITYACQUIRED PNEUMONIA UNDER EXTREME NATURAL-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

2017 ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
R.S. Rakhmanov ◽  
N.N. Potekhina ◽  
I.A. Grishin ◽  
Yu.G. Piskarev ◽  
V.N. Basalyga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Seasonal Prevalence ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Causative Agents

The authors evaluated epidemiological features of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in organized groups under hot and wet conditions of Black Sea climate as well as under maritime climate conditions of Kamchatka. Persons of first group were not adapted to activity conditions and not acclimatized, but persons of second group were acclimatized and adapted to activity conditions. It was established that environmental factors caused incidence rate, seasonal prevalence, phase of ascent during period of adaptation, prevalence of causative agents. CAP incidence among persons with body weight deficiency, its onset in stress situations, high associativity of opportunistic microorganisms in etiological structure provided evidence about a role of natural resistance of human body. It was found a necessity of application of means of non-specific and specific prevention taking into consideration etiological role of causative agents both in different times during period of adaptation and taking into account season.

LUNG VESSELS THROMBOSIS IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS WITH COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA: ROLE OF ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION, HEMOSTASIS, FIBRINOLYSIS AND INFLAMMATION ON DIFFERENT PHASES OF TREATMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1463-1465
Author(s):  
Mariia A. Krykhtina ◽  
Kseniia O. Bielosludtseva ◽  
Larysa A. Botvinikova ◽  
Nataliia M. Matikina
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Initial Point ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Antibacterial Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lung Vessels ◽  
Definition Of

Introduction: There are limited data on the relationship between the severity of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), biomarkers of inflammation and coagulation as well. The aim was to evaluate the association between the severity of CAP and risk of thrombosis in patients with moderate and severe CAP. To estimate the role of parameters of systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, hemostasis, coagulation on different phases of treatment. Materials and methods: The main group was 75 patients CAP. We divided the main group according severity: subgroup 1 – 41 patients with moderate CAP, subgroup 2 – 34 patients with severe CAP. Blood coagulation test, determination of biomarkers was performed at admission before starting of antibacterial treatment and after clinical stability on 7–10 day after hospitalization. Results: We found that in both subgroup 1 and subgroup 2 the mean levels of CRP and fibrinogen were higher than in control group. Moreover, the mean level of D-dimer was significantly higher and protein C (PC) was significantly lower in both subgroups in comparison with control group. Normalization of PC is coming after 7–10 days of antibacterial treatment, vice versa ET-1, which reflects prolong endothelial dysfunction in patients with severe CAP. Conclusions: patients with severe CAP have the high risk of thrombosis which can be associated with endothelial dysfunction; definition of such parameters as ET-1 and PC can be useful for establishment of different coagulant disorders in patient with mild and moderate CAP, and their dynamic changes could be the initial point of prescribing or cancelling of anticoagulant treatment.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of community-acquired pneumonia treatment in patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Catcov ◽  
◽  
Svetlana Chislaru ◽  
Ina Pogonea ◽  
Nicolae Bacinschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Antibacterial Treatment ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Radiological Data

The clinical picture (fever, cough, sputum, auscultatory changes), peripheral blood parameters (leukocytosis, ESR) and radiological data are currently the criteria for suspecting bacterial pneumonia in patients with SARS CoV-2 infection and for indication of antibacterial treatment. The initiation of antibiotic therapy is empirical by taking into account the pathogens most likely involved in community-acquired pneumonia (Str pneumoniae, St. aureus, Kl. pneumoniae, Haemofillus influenzae, Mecoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia, Ps. aeruginosa). Beta-lactams (cephalosporins, carbapenems), protected beta-lactams, macrolides and fluoroquinolones are the most commonly administered groups, and the combinations of cephalosporins + macrolides and cephalosporins + fluoroquinolones constitute the most used groups of antibacterial treatment in order to include bacterial flora, gram-positive or gram-negative, and atypical.

ROLE OF CRP AND PROCALCITONIN FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF TB AND BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA IN COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

CHEST Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 43S
Author(s):  
Ji Young Son ◽  
Sung-Youn Kwon ◽  
Ho IL Yoon ◽  
Jae Ho Lee ◽  
Choon-Taek Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia

Questions on the role of biofilms for the adaptation of microorganisms to unfavorable environmental factors by the example of P. aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Afonyushkin ◽  
N. A. Donchenko ◽  
Ju. N. Kozlova ◽  
N. A. Davidova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Face

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.

The gut microbiota resistome provides development of drug resistance in causative agents of human infectious diseases

2017 ◽  
pp. 20-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.Н. Ильина ◽  
Е.И. Олехнович ◽  
А.В. Павленко
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Bacterial Genes

С течением времени подходы к изучению резистентности к антибиотикам трансформировались от сосредоточения на выделенных в виде чистой культуры патогенных микроорганизмах к исследованию резистентности на уровне микробных сообществ, составляющих биотопы человека и окружающей среды. По мере того, как продвигается изучение устойчивости к антибиотикам, возникает необходимость использования комплексного подхода для улучшения информирования мирового сообщества о наблюдаемых тенденциях в этой области. Все более очевидным становится то, что, хотя не все гены резистентности могут географически и филогенетически распространяться, угроза, которую они представляют, действительно серьезная и требует комплексных междисциплинарных исследований. В настоящее время резистентность к антибиотикам среди патогенов человека стала основной угрозой в современной медицине, и существует значительный интерес к определению ниши, в которых бактерии могут получить гены антибиотикорезистентности, и механизмов их передачи. В данном обзоре мы рассматриваем проблемы, возникшие на фоне широкого использования человечеством антибактериальных препаратов, в свете формирования микрофлорой кишечника резервуара генов резистентности. Over the time, studies of antibiotic resistance have transformed from focusing on pathogenic microorganisms isolated as a pure culture to analysis of resistance at the level of microbial communities that constitute human and environmental biotopes. Advancing studies of antibiotic resistance require an integrated approach to enhance availability of information about observed tendencies in this field to the global community. It becomes increasingly obvious that, even though not all resistance genes can geographically and phylogenetically spread, the threat they pose is indeed serious and requires complex interdisciplinary research. Currently, the antibiotic resistance of human pathogens has become a challenge to modern medicine, which is now focusing on determining a potential source for bacterial genes of drug resistance and mechanisms for the gene transmission. In this review, we discussed problems generated by the widespread use of antibacterial drugs in the light of forming a reservoir of resistance genes by gut microflora.

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