scholarly journals Women-Headed Households in Lebanon

1970 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Ghena Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Common Factor ◽  
The Family ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
Statistical Survey ◽  
Social Affairs

One cannot tackle the issue of the family in Lebanon without referring to the women-headed households. According to the statistical survey of the populationand residence, conducted by the Ministry of Social Affairs and issued on October 14, 1996 , 14.2% of families in Lebanon are headed by women (i.e., 91 ,131 families). These women may be widows, divorcees, abandoned, or married to men who were kidnaped, worked abroad, or are sick and incapable of working. One common factor among these women, whatever the socio-economic background, is that they are in charge of their families by force of the situation.

scholarly journals Associates of obesity and weight dissatisfaction among Finnish adolescents

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Mikkilä ◽  
Marjaana Lahti-Koski ◽  
Pirjo Pietinen ◽  
Suvi M Virtanen ◽  
Matti Rimpelä
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Actual Weight ◽  
Weight Satisfaction ◽  
The Family ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

AbstractObjective:We investigated behavioural and socio-economic factors associated with obesity and weight dissatisfaction among Finnish adolescents.Design:A total of 60252 Finnish adolescents aged 14 to 16 years filled in a questionnaire about their health, health behaviour and socio-economic background. Food choices were obtained by using a short food-frequency questionnaire. Obesity was defined as a weight at least 120% of the sex- and height-specific mean weight for subjects.Results:Of girls and boys, 54% and 66%, respectively, were satisfied with their weight. Among dissatisfied normal-weight adolescents, 81% of girls but only 48% of boys thought they were overweight. Of obese boys, 25% were satisfied with their weight. For both genders, obesity and weight dissatisfaction were associated with economic problems in the family. In girls, an association was also found with poor school performance, low educational level of parents and not having evening meals at home; and in boys, with physical inactivity and not eating school lunch. Smoking was more common among girls who were dissatisfied with their weight. Differences in food choices were small between different weight and weight satisfaction categories.Conclusions:Having normal weight and being satisfied with that weight are favourable for an adolescent. Obesity and weight dissatisfaction are associated mostly with disadvantageous health behaviours and low socio-economic status. Health behaviour seems to be associated more with weight satisfaction than with actual weight.

Negotiating the family order and the initiation of methamphetamine use in Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 174889582097171
Author(s):  
David Brewster
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Methamphetamine Use ◽  
Negotiated Order ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Breakdown ◽  
History Of ◽  
Life Story Interviews

This article uses the concept of the “negotiated order” as developed by McAra and McVie to focus on the role and nature of the “family order” in shaping the initiation of methamphetamine use in Japan. Presenting empirical qualitative data from multiple life-story interviews with 11 men with a history of methamphetamine use, the findings demonstrate that while there were variegated paths that led to initiation of use, a common factor was family breakdown and exclusion. Given the “group-oriented” nature of social organization and relations in Japan and the risks emanating from marginalization from “insider” groups, understanding the importance of the ways in which the ascription and negotiation of identities within and around the family can lead to initiation in a severely stigmatized and criminalized activity in this cultural context provides useful lessons for thinking about formal and informal responses to illegal drugs.

Dimensionality of Brief Family Interaction and Satisfaction Scales among Couples from Eight Western and Midwestern States

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Wen Chang ◽  
Walter R. Schumm ◽  
L. Ann Coulson ◽  
Stephan R. Bollman ◽  
Anthony P. Jurich
Keyword(s):  
Common Factor ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Marital Communication ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Internal Consistency ◽  
Using Data ◽  
High Internal Consistency Reliability

The Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale, the Kansas Parental Satisfaction Scale, a version for couples of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES III), and three subscales from the Marital Communication Inventory were subjected to common factor analysis using data from 1222 rural, heterosexual couples, husbands and wives from eight western and midwestern states in the United States. The analysis supported the expected dimensionality of the Marital Communication Inventory and the two satisfaction scales but suggested that the adaptability scale may have more than one dimension. All scales showed adequate to high internal consistency reliability; however, the two FACES III scales were correlated .59 for both husbands and wives, casting doubt on the presumed orthogonality of those scales, at least for these samples. The results further support the potential validity of brief measures of relationship quality and satisfaction.

scholarly journals Assessing the antiumer and anti-inflammatory potentials of Calotropis procera latex

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 086-091
Author(s):  
Ruqaya Mohammed Al-ezzy ◽  
Asmaa Sabah Ahmaed ◽  
Nidhal Mohammed Saleh ◽  
Shaymaa Hameed Al-Obaidy
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Cervical Cancer Cell Line ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Indian Ocean

Since time immemorial medicinal plants have been used in healthcare to treat different human disease. The ideals of medicinal plants are highlighted due to the utility of the common-factor approach to engage other health promoters in propagating. One of these medicinal plants is Calotropis procera which is a species of tree in the family Apocynaceae. Calotropis procera is widespread in tropical Africa, including the Indian Ocean islands and the northern parts of South Africa. The latex is toxic and can cause rash, blisters and serious inflammations in sensitive persons and it may lead to blindness. Several side effects may be caused due to ingestion large doses of latex like burning in the throat, irritation of the stomach, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, vertigo and convulsions. This study aimed to evaluate burns healing effects and inhibitory concentration IC50 of Calotropis procera latex on cervical cancer cell line, SiHa. Cytotoxicity analysis was performed by MTT assay in addition to determine the burns healing effect of the latex by determining the day requiring to heal the burn skin of albino male mice. The results of burns healing effects declared that the burns required 12 days to heal in comparison with positive (sliver sulfadiazine) and negative control which required 16 and 18 days for healing respectively. Also, the results revealed that the IC50 of latex was 146.8 % in comparison of ambiguous percentage of normal cell line WRL68 with reduction in cancer cell viability ranging from 95.87± 0.20to 52.35 ±3.31 for 6.2 to 400 µg\ml respectively.

scholarly journals Why public education is unequal: case of Ukrainian rural schools

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Muliavka
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Schools ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Educational Inequality ◽  
Economic Capital ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
The Family ◽  
Economic Background

Ukrainian educational system is not able to provide equal access to the university, regardless of children’s socio-economic background. Despite of the anti-discrimination ideas in legislation and in public discourse (with implementation of transparent mechanism of selection in 2004 - External Independent Testing), there are statistically significant differences in the results of EIT (that defines chances to get higher education) between children from rural area and their peers from urban schools (especially from elite ones). The research is based on Bourdieu’s theoretical concept of capitals and seven in-depth interviews with teachers from rural schools in different regions of Ukraine. Based on the findings, the author divides mechanisms of reproduction of educational inequality into four dimensions: economic capital of the school, economic capital of the family, cultural capital of the school and cultural capital of the family. Current educational reforms of secondary and higher education in Ukraine will not improve situation with access to higher education for children from poor social background. Closing of unprofitable universities and schools in rural area, expending the years of studying at school and implementation on funding reallocation based on a competition with financial support only of those, who are more successful, will deepen educational inequality, making accesses to the mechanism of improving socio-economic position even more dependent from socio-economic background.

scholarly journals Value preferences and requirements of the students attending the regional boarding secondary schools

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 635
Author(s):  
Sibel Yazıcı ◽  
Nuray Kurtdede Fidan
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Value Preferences

The aim of the study was to reveal the preferences and requirements of the students attending the Regional Boarding Secondary Schools (YBO) concerning the values contain in the educational program of the social studies course. The study was designed within the framework of phenomenology which is among the qualitative research methods. The participants of the study are 79 eight grade students attending a regional boarding secondary school in the Turkey. The data of the study are collected through a survey questionnaire with two parts which contains open-ended items. The data were analysed using the descriptive and content analyses. The findings of the study show that the participants do not differ based on gender and the socio-economic background of their families. The frequently preferred values by the participants are found to be attaching importance to the family unity, honesty, sympathy and patriotism. Another finding is that the participants do not provide a clear justification for each of the values they preferred. This suggests that it is difficult to establish a justification for the value. However, requirements value justifications are analyzed, it is seen that students they express the definition of value, its importance and the expectations of having this specific value.

scholarly journals Risk Management Applied to Brazilian Family Agriculture

Quaestum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Rafael Castro Tavares ◽  
Cassia Renata Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Public Programs ◽  
Integrated Risk ◽  
The Family ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Statistical Survey

Although hazards exist in all agricultural settings—particularly for the family farmer—uncertainties related to productionplace food security and family subsistence at risk. The objective of thisstudy was therefore to analyze the components of risk managementapplied to family farming. To this end, we performed an exploratorystudy using data from a statistical survey of the 2018 AgriculturalCensus. Our results showed risks that were classified between mediumand high. We observed that 45.8% of producers received retirementfunds, implying they tend to be an older population. As a result,family succession work aimed at strengthening agricultural activitiesthrough technical assistance and rural extension (ATER) are necessary,since 80.1% of properties do not receive specialized guidance. Wealso found that 59% of the producers are not registered with theDeclaration of Aptitude to Pronaf (DAP), which is an instrument usedto access differentiated public programs. In this case, we observedthat 52.2% of credit comes from government programs, with Pronafaccounting for the highest volume of credit (40.2% of resources).Using these data, we find that integrated risk management contributesto the daily activities of the rural producer, promotes the continuousimprovement of the family business, assists in decision-making, andultimately results in a reduction of losses and increases family income.

scholarly journals Family Mediation in the Basque Country: Strengths and Risks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-547
Author(s):  
Cristina Merino ◽  
Roberto Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
The Other ◽  
Criminal Courts ◽  
Family Mediation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pais Vasco ◽  
Social Affairs

This paper will show a picture of the family mediation in Basque Country, both at courts and out of courts. On one hand, family mediation started with a pilot project in Bilbao in 1996 and two decades later it is offered in every province of Basque Country (Ministry of Social Affairs). After 20 years working in this field we have observed some strengths and risks we would like to share and to think about them. On the other hand, regarding mediation at courts, since 2007 the Basque Government (Ministry of Labour and Justice) decided to improve Restorative Justice (RJ) in the Basque Country by Victim Offender Mediation Services at criminal courts of the main cities. Since 2011, we realized that many other proceedings are very suitable to be solved by RJ in some civil matters and we started providing mediation in family matters of divorces and separations with children involved. El artículo ofrece un retrato de la mediación familiar en el País Vasco. La mediación familiar comenzó con un proyecto piloto en Bilbao en 1996 y, dos décadas después, se ofrece en todas las provincias del País Vasco (Departamento de Políticas Sociales). Después de 20 años, hemos observado algunos puntos fuertes y algunos riesgos de los que queremos informar e invitar a la reflexión conjunta. Por otro lado, en lo tocante a la mediación en los juzgados, en 2007 el Gobierno Vasco (Departamento de Trabajo y Justicia) decidió mejorar la Justicia Restaurativa (JT) en el País Vasco, con Servicios de Mediación Víctima-Ofensor en juzgados de lo penal de las principales ciudades. Desde 2011, hemos visto que hay muchos otros procedimientos de asuntos civiles que se pueden resolver mediante la JT, y hemos comenzado a proporcionar mediación en casos de divorcios y separaciones con niños implicados.

scholarly journals What Do Books in the Home Proxy For? A Cautionary Tale

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Engzell
Keyword(s):  
Student Outcomes ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Low Achievers ◽  
Cautionary Tale ◽  
The Family ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
Hard Evidence ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Study Designs

In studies of educational achievement, students' self-reported number of books in the family home is a frequently used proxy for social, cultural, and economic background. Absent hard evidence about what this variable captures or how well, its use has been motivated by strong associations with student outcomes. I show that these associations rest on two types of endogeneity: low achievers accrue fewer books, and are also prone to underestimate their number. The conclusion is substantiated both by comparing reports by students and their parents, and by the fact that girls report on average higher numbers despite being similar to boys on other measures of social background. The endogenous bias is large enough to overturn classical attenuation bias; it distorts cross-country patterns and invalidates many common study designs. These findings serve as a caution against overreliance on standard regression assumptions and contribute to ongoing debates about the empirical robustness of social science.

scholarly journals Differences of Family Social Economic Background as a Distinguishing Factor of Career Planning on Deaf Students of West Sumatra

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mega Iswari
Keyword(s):  
Career Guidance ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Career Planning ◽  
Deaf Students ◽  
Guidance Services ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Academic Year

Abstract. This study aims to describe the career planning of deaf students, as well as to examine whether there are differences in career planning of deaf students in terms of socio-economic background of the family. The sample in this research is 96 deaf students of high school in West Sumatera academic year 2018. The instrument used is Career Planning Inventory (CPI) developed by Afdal (2015). The findings of this study indicate that there is a significant difference in the career planning of deaf students from the background of socioeconomic families (socio-economic high, medium, and low). Implications for career guidance services are discussed further in this study.

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