scholarly journals The smoker’s paradox during the COVID-19 pandemic? The influence of smoking and vaping on the incidence and course of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection as well as possibility of using nicotine in the treatment of COVID-19 – Review of the literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-44
Keyword(s):  
Cholinergic System ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Current State ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

AIM OF THE STUDY. The study aims to present the current state of knowledge on the impact of traditional cigarettes and the nicotine contained in them on the incidence and course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, we decided to exhibit the possibility of using this substance to treat COVID-19 infections. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The latest available scientific publications were reviewed until November 14, 2020, from the PubMed platform. RESULTS. Nicotine is a cholinergic agonist and pro-inflammatory cytokines inhibitor. Some authors present that smoking and nicotine reduce the amount of the ACE2 receptors which are used by the novel coronavirus to enter cells, while others claim that ACE2 receptors are upregulated in smokers. Moreover, the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with nAChR is suspected of dysregulation of the nicotinic cholinergic system, which is associated with the pathophysiology of COVID-19. Due to the harmfulness of cigarettes, a high frequency of smokers is suspected among people suffering from COVID-19. However, some studies report that the number of current smokers hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection is lower than expected, considering the prevalence of smoking in individual countries. Nicotine could restore the impaired function of the nicotine cholinergic system and possibly mitigate the cytokine storm. CONCLUSIONS. There is no clear attitude regarding the impact of smoking on the new coronavirus infection now. Researchers do not recommend smoking as a tool to combat the pandemic and show the importance of fighting addiction to reduce the adverse health effects of smoking. Both the relationship between cigarettes and the morbidity and severity of COVID-19, as well as the possibility of using nicotine in the treatment of the disease, require further analysis.

Association and treatment of diabetes in patients affected by Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1198-1201
Author(s):  
Syed Yasir Afaque
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Composite Outcomes ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

In December 2019, a unique coronavirus infection, SARS-CoV-2, was first identified in the province of Wuhan in China. Since then, it spread rapidly all over the world and has been responsible for a large number of morbidity and mortality among humans. According to a latest study, Diabetes mellitus, heart diseases, Hypertension etc. are being considered important risk factors for the development of this infection and is also associated with unfavorable outcomes in these patients. There is little evidence concerning the trail back of these patients possibly because of a small number of participants and people who experienced primary composite outcomes (such as admission in the ICU, usage of machine-driven ventilation or even fatality of these patients). Until now, there are no academic findings that have proven independent prognostic value of diabetes on death in the novel Coronavirus patients. However, there are several conjectures linking Diabetes with the impact as well as progression of COVID-19 in these patients. The aim of this review is to acknowledge about the association amongst Diabetes and the novel Coronavirus and the result of the infection in such patients.

scholarly journals Update on recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2211-2223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjun Miao ◽  
Han Li ◽  
Yinying Yao ◽  
Mingfu Wu ◽  
Chao Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Treatment Standards ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Health Committee ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pneumonia Diagnosis

AbstractSince the outbreak of novel coronavirus infection pneumonia in Wuhan City, China, in late 2019, such cases have been gradually reported in other parts of China and abroad. Children have become susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of their immature immune function. As the outbreak has progressed, more cases of novel coronavirus infection/pneumonia in children have been reported. Compared with adults, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is less severe, with a lower incidence and susceptibility in children, which results in fewer children being tested, thereby underestimating the actual number of infections. Therefore, strengthening the diagnosis of the disease is particularly important for children, and early and clear diagnosis can determine treatment strategies and reduce the harm caused by the disease to children. According to the Novel Coronavirus Infection Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Standards (trial version 7) issued by National Health Committee and the latest diagnosis and treatment strategies for novel coronavirus infection pneumonia in children, this review summarizes current strategies on diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children.

IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC ON INSURANCE IN THE TOURIST INDUSTRY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Yu. E. KLISHINA ◽  
◽  
O. N. UGLITSKIKH ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Tourist Industry ◽  
Travel Agents ◽  
Foreign Travel ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

The article provides an overview of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the tourism industry. The contribution of the tourism industry to GDP and employment of the population is also considered. In particular, the impact of the pandemic on insurance in tourism was considered. The tourism industry is one of those sectors of the Russian economy that was among the first to be hit by the novel coronavirus infection. We are talking about a blow not only viral, medical – after all, the first outbreak in Russia was a consequence of the return of citizens from foreign travel, but also a financial blow – due to the spread of COVID-19 around the world, current tours had to be interrupted, and those planned at a later date – cancel or reschedule. In such conditions, tour operators, travel agents, carriers and other participants in the tourist services market suffered serious losses.

Hyperbaric oxygenation in the implementation of rehabilitation measures after COVID-19 pneumonia

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Tatyana Nikolaevna Kondratyeva ◽  
Natalya Alekseevna Kutalova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygenation ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Rehabilitation Measures ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study was to research the hyperbaric oxygenation effect on the condition of patients in the course of complex treatment aimed at rehabilitation after suffering from COVID-19 pneumonia. Results: the impact of hyperbaric oxygenation on the body of patients who have suffered from the novel coronavirus infection provides a positive dynamics and improves their quality of life. Conclusion: in the process of rehabilitating patients who have undergone the new coronavirus infection, it is necessary to use various physiotherapeutic measures, including hyperbaric oxygenation.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Spike Targets USP33-IRF9 Axis via Exosomal miR-148a to Activate Human Microglia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Mishra ◽  
Akhil C. Banerjea
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Neurological Sequelae ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
Human Microglia ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus infection has consistently shown an association with neurological anomalies in patients, in addition to its usual respiratory distress syndrome. Multi-organ dysfunctions including neurological sequelae during COVID-19 persist even after declining viral load. We propose that SARS-CoV-2 gene product, Spike, is able to modify the host exosomal cargo, which gets transported to distant uninfected tissues and organs and can initiate a catastrophic immune cascade within Central Nervous System (CNS). SARS-CoV-2 Spike transfected cells release a significant amount of exosomes loaded with microRNAs such as miR-148a and miR-590. microRNAs gets internalized by human microglia and suppress target gene expression of USP33 (Ubiquitin Specific peptidase 33) and downstream IRF9 levels. Cellular levels of USP33 regulate the turnover time of IRF9 via deubiquitylation. Our results also demonstrate that absorption of modified exosomes effectively regulate the major pro-inflammatory gene expression profile of TNFα, NF-κB and IFN-β. These results uncover a bystander pathway of SARS-CoV-2 mediated CNS damage through hyperactivation of human microglia. Our results also attempt to explain the extra-pulmonary dysfunctions observed in COVID-19 cases when active replication of virus is not supported. Since Spike gene and mRNAs have been extensively picked up for vaccine development; the knowledge of host immune response against spike gene and protein holds a great significance. Our study therefore provides novel and relevant insights regarding the impact of Spike gene on shuttling of host microRNAs via exosomes to trigger the neuroinflammation.

scholarly journals ANALISIS SENTIMEN PANDEMI COVID19 PADA STREAMING TWITTER DENGAN TEXT MINING PYTHON

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Anni Karimatul Fauziyyah
Keyword(s):  
Text Mining ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Data Streaming ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Community Behavior ◽  
N Gram ◽  
To Come ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is widespread and will likely shape community behavior for months to come. And while the humanitarian and safety-related aspects of this outbreak are top of mind globally, it’s unquestionable that social distancing, quarantining, and staying home will have a significant effect on media consumption, which could rise up to 60%, according to recent research from Nielsen’s U.S. media team.  Social media, now a part of everyday life for most consumers engaged with the world digitally, became the primary source for buzz about all things COVID-19 as worries and news intensified. Sentiment analysis is applied in this study to analyze the opinions, feelings, and interests of individuals in the COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to analyze sentiment based on an opinion by classifying individual feelings such as sadness, happiness, or panic in facing a COVID-19 into sentiment level that is negative, positive or, neutral. In this paper, an open-source approach is presented where we have collected tweets from the Twitter API and then reprocessing, analyzing and, visualizing these tweets using python. Furthermore, Twitter data streaming will be processed and cleaned to parse data that can be classified based on opinion with a text mining algorithm using text blob Python. Feature extraction is done for the relationship between words by the Bigram and N-gram methods.

scholarly journals Russian Medical Society for Arterial Hypertension Expert Consensus: Hypertension and COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Irina E. Chazova ◽  
Natalia V. Blinova ◽  
Vera A. Nevzorova ◽  
Juliya V. Zhernakova ◽  
Mikhail P. Savenkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Russian Medical

The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by the b-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, and leads to acute respiratory distress-syndrome, has affected more than nineteen million people worldwide, resulting in 0.7 million deaths as of August 2020. The fact that the virus uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a receptor for entering the target cell, and the high prevalence of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases among patients with COVID-19, have caused serious discussions on the management of such patients. This consensus of experts from the Russian Medical Society for Arterial Hypertension analyzed the existing data on the relationship between COVID-19 and hypertension, the pathophysiological aspects of the penetration of the virus into target cells and the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors in patients with hypertension and COVID-19.

Septic shock

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. O. Bitsadze ◽  
T. A. Sukontseva ◽  
S. V. Akinshina ◽  
Ya. Yu. Sulina ◽  
J. Kh. Khizroeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Septic Shock ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Sepsis And Septic Shock ◽  
The Relationship

The problem of sepsis and septic shock has recently become more and more actual. In obstetrics and gynaecology, the number of cases of sepsis has more than doubled over the past 10 years. The review examines the clinical forms of septic conditions, risk factors, pathogenesis of sepsis and septic shock, the main pathogens of septic conditions. Special attention is paid to neonatal sepsis. The relationship between septic shock and viral infections is considered in the context of the novel coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Hemostasis abnormalities have been demonstrated in patients with septic shock, including disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The importance of determining the level of ADAMTS-13 to refine the forecast is discussed.

Septic shock

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. O. Bitsadze ◽  
T. A. Sukontseva ◽  
S. V. Akinshina ◽  
Ya. Yu. Sulina ◽  
J. Kh. Khizroeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Septic Shock ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Sepsis And Septic Shock ◽  
The Relationship

The problem of sepsis and septic shock has recently become more and more actual. In obstetrics and gynaecology, the number of cases of sepsis has more than doubled over the past 10 years. The review examines the clinical forms of septic conditions, risk factors, pathogenesis of sepsis and septic shock, the main pathogens of septic conditions. Special attention is paid to neonatal sepsis. The relationship between septic shock and viral infections is considered in the context of the novel coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Hemostasis abnormalities have been demonstrated in patients with septic shock, including disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The importance of determining the level of ADAMTS-13 to refine the forecast is discussed.

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