Therapeutic and diagnostic use of pyrantel embonate for kittens with toxocariasis

Toxocara cati are widespread in cats and are the causative agent of zoonosis. Prevention of the spread of infective Toxocara eggs in the environment is a priority and includes timely treatment of toxocariasis in cats. The aim of study. To study the effectiveness of the use of the pyrantel embonate in domestic and homeless kittens with confirmed intestinal toxocariasis and with a negative result from the study of feces. Materials and methods. In the experimental groups took 44 kittens under the age of 10 months. A coproscopic examination was performed by flotation method with a solution of sodium nitrate (density 1.34 g/cm3) with the inclusion of a centrifugation step. Kittens of all groups were treated with an anthelmintic containing a pyrantel embonate. Repeated coprovoscopy was performed on the 10th and 30th day after deworming. Results. The pyrantel embonate showed 100% effectiveness in groups of domestic and homeless kittens infected T. cati. Conclusion. We recommend to carry out the deworming in young homeless kittens up to a year and with a negative result from the study of feces. This will prevent the spread of pathogen eggs in the environment and the accumulation of larvae in animal tissues.

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Toxocara cati and other parasitic enteropathogens: more commonly found in owned cats with gastrointestinal signs than in clinically healthy ones

10.21203/rs.3.rs-153658/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aurora L. Ursache ◽

Adriana Györke ◽

Viorica Mircean ◽

Mirabela Oana Dumitrache ◽

Andrei Răzvan Codea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Giardia Duodenalis ◽

Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Toxocara Cati ◽

The Public ◽

Health And Wellbeing ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Flotation Method

Abstract Gastrointestinal parasites are involved in the health and wellbeing of cats and some of them, due to their zoonotic character represent a problem for the public health. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of parasitic infections in cats with digestive symptoms. Faecal samples collected from 137 cats were analysed by the flotation method using sodium chloride saturated solution. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites was 56.6%. GI parasites were significantly (p=0.005) more common in cats with digestive symptoms (69.8%) than in clinically healthy ones (23.0%). Toxocara cati (40.2%) was the most frequently identified GI parasite, followed by Cystoisospora spp. (10.2%), Ancylostoma tubaeforme (3.7%), Taenia spp. (2.2), Giardia duodenalis (2.2%), and Toxoplasma gondii-like oocysts (0.7%). T. cati (53.3%, p<0.0001) and Cystoisospora spp. (15.6%, p<0.001) were significantly more frequently diagnosed in cats with digestive symptoms. Lack of deworming in the last three months (OR: 15.9), outdoor access (OR: 13.8), the presence of digestive symptoms (OR: 5.4), and young age (OR: 4.2) were identified as risk factors for T. cati infection by logistic regression analysis. Regardless of the age, symptoms like vomiting, diarrhoea, and inappetence were positively associated with T. cati.

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The Prevalence of Alimentary Tract Worms in Domestic Cats and Stray Cats at Campus Area of Semarang State University, Central Java

jurnal veteriner ◽

10.19087/jveteriner.2019.20.3.316 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 316

Author(s):

Rafita Farantika ◽

R. Susanti

Keyword(s):

Alimentary Tract ◽

Clonorchis Sinensis ◽

Limited Range ◽

State University ◽

Domestic Cats ◽

Toxocara Cati ◽

Central Java ◽

Stray Cats ◽

Dipylidium Caninum ◽

Flotation Method

The aims of this study were to identify and measure the prevalence of alimentary tract worm in stray and domestic cats in the campus area of Semarang State University (Universitas Negeri Semarang/Unnes). As many as 30 cat feces samples: 10 stray cats samples (SC), 10 limited range domestic pet cats (LDC), and 10 indoor domestic pet cats (IDC) were used in this study. Examination of the feces samples was done by using the flotation method to identify the eggs of worms. Based on feces examination, eggs of four worms species i.e. Ancylostoma caninum, Clonorchis sinensis, Dipylidium caninum and Toxocara cati were found. Based the prevalence of worm eggs: A. caninum was found infected 4 out of 30 samples (13.3%), C. sinensis was found infected 2 out of 30 samples (6.6%), D. caninum was found infected 2 out of 30 samples (6.6%), and T. cati was found infected 10 out of 30 samples (33.3%).

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Prevalence of Toxocara canis ova in public playgrounds in the Dublin area of Ireland

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x00014401 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 237-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

P. O'Lorcain

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Recovery Rate ◽

Toxocara Canis ◽

Toxocara Cati ◽

Term Survival ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Egg Density ◽

Flotation Method ◽

Toxascaris Leonina

AbstractA total of nine playground sites in Dublin city and county were surveyed from which 228 samples were removed. Of these samples, 15% were positive for Toxocara canis ova and a mean egg density of 1.4 ova/100 g was calculated. Two types of playground sites were identified and that the level of toxocaral contamination was found to be greater in ‘neighbourhood playgrounds’ than in ‘adventure playgrounds’. There was no significant difference in the number of positive samples taken from sites both inside and outside these playgrounds. No evidence of Toxocara cati ova was found. Only one sample was positive for Toxascaris leonina ova. Over 50% of the T. canis ova identified were infective. The findings in this study suggest that the sample's moisture content contributes to the long term survival of infective Toxocara ova in the environment. A recovery rate of 69.8% was achieved with a modified version of the flotation method.

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Clinical and Epidemiological Study on Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus Infection in Cats, Romania; Preliminary Data

“Agriculture for Life Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings ◽

10.2478/alife-2018-0064 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 428-431

Author(s):

Roxana Mihaela Ciopașiu ◽

Elena Florina Berbece ◽

Mariana Ioniță ◽

Ioan Liviu Mitrea

Keyword(s):

Epidemiological Study ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Nasal Discharge ◽

Toxocara Cati ◽

Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus ◽

Worldwide Distribution ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Respiratory Pathology ◽

Abdominal Breathing ◽

Flotation Method

Abstract The lungworm Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (Nematoda: Angiostrongylidae) is a parasite of domestic and wild felids with worldwide distribution. The parasite lives in bronchioles and alveolar ducts, and its presence is associated with respiratory clinical signs. Cat lungworms are still considered by many clinicians sporadic and rarely are taken into account in the cat pathology. Therefore, in this paper we present a clinical and epidemiological study on cats with natural A. abstrusus infection. For this, 131 cats, with exclusive outdoor or outdoor and indoor access, of different gender (49 males, 82 females) and age (between 2 months and 11 years), from Southern and Center Romania, were included in the study. Of them, individual fresh faecal samples were collected and analyzed to identify first-stage larvae (L1) of lungworms, using a Baermann technique, and eggs/oocysts of other endoparasites, by a flotation method. Subsequently, of the examined samples, 6.10% (8/131) were positive for A. abstrusus. The positive cats aged between 3 months and 2 years. Of them, 3 cats were co-infected: two with Toxocara cati and one with Ancylostoma tubaeforme. Clinically, 75% (6/8) of the infected cats displayed respiratory signs varying from mild (sporadic coughing, sneezing) (n=3) to severe symptoms (mucopurulent nasal discharge, abdominal breathing) (n=3), while 25% (2/8) showed no respiratory signs. The three cats with severe respiratory disease were infected only with A.abstrusus. In conclusion, veterinary practitioners should include Aelurostrongylus infection in the differential diagnosis of catʼs respiratory pathology.

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A retrospective study of Uncinaria stenocephala in domestic dogs: Age, sex distribution, and risk factors

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.265-269 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 265-269

Author(s):

Michail Yur'iyevich Shchelkanov ◽

Tatyana Vladimirovna Tabakaeva ◽

Pavel Vasilevich Fomenko ◽

Ekaterina Michailovna Kim ◽

Anton Vadimovich Tabakaev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxocara Canis ◽

Domestic Dogs ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Protozoan Parasites ◽

Sex Distribution ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Dipylidium Caninum ◽

Centrifugation Step ◽

Flotation Method ◽

Low Prevalence

Background and Aim: Uncinaria infection often appears in domestic dogs. In the present study, parasitological examination of fecal samples from 782 dogs were analyzed for the presence of Uncinaria stenocephala. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples were analyzed by means of a standardized flotation method using a saturated salt solution containing NaNO3 (specific gravity 1.38), with a centrifugation step. Results: The highest prevalence rates were found among young adult dogs (8.3%), followed by puppies (5.4%); the lowest prevalence rates were found in dogs older than 3 years (4.3%). The prevalence was 5.8% among female dogs and 7.2% in male dogs. Coinfections with roundworms and protozoan parasites were frequently observed in U. stenocephala-positive dogs (15%). In total, three types of coinfections were registered. Coinfection of U. stenocephala + Sarcocystids oocysts was recorded in 19.1% of the dogs (n=10). This may relate to higher prevalence of S. oocysts in dogs (n=153; 19.5%). There were two cases of coinfection of U. stenocephala + Toxocara canis (3.9%), which may relate to low prevalence of T. canis (3.9 %). One case of coinfection of Dipylidium caninum + U. stenocephala (0.1%) also appeared. Conclusion: The present study showed that male dogs and young dogs were most susceptible to U. stenocephala infection.

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Further evaluation and validation of the VETSCAN IMAGYST: in-clinic feline and canine fecal parasite detection system integrated with a deep learning algorithm

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-021-04591-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yoko Nagamori ◽

Ruth Hall Sedlak ◽

Andrew DeRosa ◽

Aleah Pullins ◽

Travis Cree ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Learning Algorithm ◽

Detection System ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Preparation Technique ◽

Toxocara Cati ◽

Deep Learning Algorithm ◽

Flotation Technique ◽

Flotation Method ◽

Diagnostic Sensitivity And Specificity

Abstract Background Fecal examinations in pet cats and dogs are key components of routine veterinary practice; however, their accuracy is influenced by diagnostic methodologies and the experience level of personnel performing the tests. The VETSCAN IMAGYST system was developed to provide simpler and easier fecal examinations which are less influenced by examiners’ skills. This system consists of three components: a sample preparation device, an automated microscope scanner, and analysis software. The objectives of this study were to qualitatively evaluate the performance of the VETSCAN IMAGYST system on feline parasites (Ancylostoma and Toxocara cati) and protozoan parasites (Cystoisospora and Giardia) and to assess and compare the performance of the VETSCAN IMAGYST centrifugal flotation method to reference centrifugal and passive flotation methods. Methods To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the scanning and algorithmic components of the VETSCAN IMAGYST system, fecal slides were prepared by the VETSCAN IMAGYST centrifugal flotation technique with pre-screened fecal samples collected from dogs and cats and examined by both an algorithm and parasitologists. To assess the performance of the VETSCAN IMAGYST centrifugal flotation technique, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were calculated and compared to those of conventional flotation techniques. Results The performance of the VETSCAN IMAGYST algorithm closely correlated with evaluations by parasitologists, with sensitivity of 75.8–100% and specificity of 93.1-100% across the targeted parasites. For samples with 50 eggs or less per slide, Lin’s concordance correlation coefficients ranged from 0.70 to 0.95 across the targeted parasites. The results of the VETSCAN IMAGYST centrifugal flotation method correlated well with those of the conventional centrifugal flotation method across the targeted parasites: sensitivity of 65.7–100% and specificity of 97.6–100%. Similar results were observed for the conventional passive flotation method compared to the conventional centrifugal flotation method: sensitivity of 56.4–91.7% and specificity of 99.4–100%. Conclusions The VETSCAN IMAGYST scanning and algorithmic systems with the VETSCAN IMAGYST fecal preparation technique demonstrated a similar qualitative performance to the parasitologists’ examinations with conventional fecal flotation techniques. Given the deep learning nature of the VETSCAN IMAGYST system, its performance is expected to improve over time, enabling it to be utilized in veterinary clinics to perform fecal examinations accurately and efficiently.

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Effect of low temperatures on the infectivity of Toxocara cati larvae parasitized in mouse tissues

Helminthologia ◽

10.2478/s11687-013-0112-8 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 83-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. Taira ◽

V. Šnábel ◽

N. Okada ◽

Y. Saitoh

Keyword(s):

Causative Agent ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Control Group ◽

Toxocara Cati ◽

Mouse Tissues ◽

Group A ◽

Larval Burden

AbstractThe infectivity of Toxocara cati larvae in mouse tissues, following storage at 4 °C and −25 °C, was measured using a bioassay in mice. Tissues of donor mice infected with 30-day-old T. cati larvae were stored at 4 °C for 7 and 14 days, and at −25 °C for 24 hours, then tissue larvae were inoculated into recipient mice (n = 6/group). After 15 days, larval burden in recipient mice was assessed by digestion. In the control group, a mean of 42.0 % of the inoculated larvae were established in mice. Storage of tissues at 4 °C for 7 and 14 days did not affect larval infectivity; means of 43.5 % and 37.4 % of inoculated larvae, respectively, were established in mice. Larvae exposed to −25 °C for 24 hours did not establish in mice, except for one larva recovered from a single mouse. These results may support the potential of tissue larvae in livestock animals as a causative agent of human toxocarosis.

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Toxocara cati and other parasitic enteropathogens: more commonly found in owned cats with gastrointestinal signs than in clinically healthy ones

10.21203/rs.3.rs-153658/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aurora L. Ursache ◽

Adriana Györke ◽

Viorica Mircean ◽

Mirabela Oana Dumitrache ◽

Andrei Răzvan Codea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Giardia Duodenalis ◽

Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Toxocara Cati ◽

The Public ◽

Health And Wellbeing ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Flotation Method

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Further Evaluation and Validation of the VETSCAN IMAGYST: In-Clinic Feline and Canine Fecal Parasite Detection System Integrated with a Deep Learning Algorithm

10.21203/rs.3.rs-52837/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yoko Nagamori ◽

Ruth Hall Sedlak ◽

Andrew DeRosa ◽

Aleah Pullins ◽

Travis Cree ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Learning Algorithm ◽

Detection System ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Preparation Technique ◽

Toxocara Cati ◽

Deep Learning Algorithm ◽

Flotation Technique ◽

Flotation Method ◽

Diagnostic Sensitivity And Specificity

Abstract Background: Fecal examinations in pet cats and dogs are key components of routine veterinary practice; however, the accuracy is influenced by diagnostic methodologies and the experience level of personnel performing the tests. The VETSCAN IMAGYST system was developed to provide simpler and easier fecal examinations which are less influenced by examiners’ skills. This system consists of three components: a sample preparation device, an automated microscope scanner, and an analysis software. The objectives of this study were to qualitatively evaluate the performance of the VETSCAN IMAGYST system on feline parasites (Ancylostoma and Toxocara cati) and protozoan parasites (Cystoisospora and Giardia) and to assess and compare the performance of the VETSCAN IMAGYST centrifugal flotation method to reference centrifugal and passive flotation methods.Methods: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the scanning and algorithmic components of the VETSCAN IMAGYST system, fecal slides were prepared by the VETSCAN IMAGYST centrifugal flotation technique with pre-screened fecal samples collected from dogs and cats and examined by both an algorithm and parasitologist. To assess the performance of the VETSCAN IMAGYST centrifugal flotation technique, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were calculated and compared to conventional flotation techniques.Results: The performance of the VETSCAN IMAGYST algorithm closely correlated with evaluations by parasitologists, with sensitivity of 75.8-100% and specificity of 93.1-100% across the targeted parasites. For samples with 50 eggs or less per slide, Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) ranged from 0.84 to 0.97 across the targeted parasites. The VETSCAN IMAGYST centrifugal flotation method correlated well with the conventional centrifugal flotation method across the targeted parasites: sensitivity of 65.7-100% and specificity of 97.6-100%. Similar results were observed for the conventional passive flotation method compared to the conventional centrifugal flotation method; sensitivity of 56.4-91.7% and specificity of 99.4-100%.Conclusions: The VETSCAN IMAGYST scanning and algorithmic systems with the VETSCAN IMAGYST fecal preparation technique demonstrated a similar qualitative performance to the results of parasitologists’ examinations with conventional fecal flotation techniques. Given the deep learning nature of the VETSCAN IMAGYST system, its performance is expected to improve over time, enabling it to be utilized in veterinary clinics to perform fecal examinations accurately and efficiently.

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Further evaluation and validation of the VETSCAN IMAGYST: in-clinic feline and canine fecal parasite detection system integrated with a deep learning algorithm

10.21203/rs.3.rs-52837/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yoko Nagamori ◽

Ruth Hall Sedlak ◽

Andrew DeRosa ◽

Aleah Pullins ◽

Travis Cree ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Learning Algorithm ◽

Detection System ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Preparation Technique ◽

Toxocara Cati ◽

Deep Learning Algorithm ◽

Flotation Technique ◽

Flotation Method ◽

Diagnostic Sensitivity And Specificity

Abstract Background: Fecal examinations in pet cats and dogs are key components of routine veterinary practice; however, the accuracy is influenced by diagnostic methodologies and the experience level of personnel performing the tests. The VETSCAN IMAGYST system was developed to provide simpler and easier fecal examinations which are less influenced by examiners’ skills. This system consists of three components: a sample preparation device, an automated microscopic scanner, and an analysis software. The objectives of this study were to qualitatively evaluate the performance of the VETSCAN IMAGYST system on feline parasites (Ancylostoma and Toxocara cati) and protozoan parasites (Cystoisospora and Giardia) and to assess and compare the performance of the VETSCAN IMAGYST centrifugal flotation method to reference centrifugal and passive flotation methods.Methods: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the scanning and algorithmic components of the VETSCAN IMAGYST system, fecal slides were prepared by the VETSCAN IMAGYST centrifugal flotation technique with pre-screened fecal samples collected from dogs and cats and examined by both an algorithm and parasitologist. To assess the performance of the VETSCAN IMAGYST centrifugal flotation technique, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were calculated and compared to conventional flotation techniques.Results: The performance of the VETSCAN IMAGYST algorithm closely correlated with evaluations by parasitologists, with sensitivity of 75.8-100% and specificity of 93.1-100% across the targeted parasites. For samples with 50 eggs or less per slide, Lin’s concordance correlation coefficients (ρc) ranged from 0.70 to 0.95 across the targeted parasites. The VETSCAN IMAGYST centrifugal flotation method correlated well with the conventional centrifugal flotation method across the targeted parasites: sensitivity of 65.7-100% and specificity of 97.6-100%. Similar results were observed for the conventional passive flotation method compared to the conventional centrifugal flotation method; sensitivity of 56.4-91.7% and specificity of 99.4-100%.Conclusions: The VETSCAN IMAGYST scanning and algorithmic systems with the VETSCAN IMAGYST fecal preparation technique demonstrated a similar qualitative performance to the results of parasitologists’ examinations with conventional fecal flotation techniques. Given the deep learning nature of the VETSCAN IMAGYST system, its performance is expected to improve over time, enabling it to be utilized in veterinary clinics to perform fecal examinations accurately and efficiently.

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