scholarly journals The intensity of changes in the activity of enzymes in the tissues of the colon in piglets in different phases of postnatal ontogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
Mayya Terenteva ◽  
Nataliya Mardareva
Keyword(s):  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Large White ◽  
Age Related ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Age Related Changes

Annotation. The purpose is сlarification of patterns of age-related changes in the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AsAT), alanine aminotransferase (AlAT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), α-amylase, alkaline phosphatase (AlP) and acid phosphatase (AP ) in tissues of different parts of the cecum in piglets of large white breed, in different phases of nutrition of the early postnatal period of systemic genesis of pig. Methods. Enzyme activities were determined spectrophotometrically (UV-1800) and using a set of reagents from the OJSC Vital Development Corporation, St. Petersburg. The activity of the enzymes AsAT and AlAT was determined by the method of Wrightman and Frenkel, GGT – by the unified colorimetric method at the “end point”. The α-amylase activity was measured by the method of Karavei. The level of AP, AlP was determined by the Bessey – Lowry – Brock method. Results. The degree of structural and chemical changes in the tissues of the cecum in piglets is high in the early phases of the postnatal period, during the first four months of life. They are especially pronounced in transitional phases of nutrition. The most intense age-related changes in metabolic processes in the tissues of the cecum in piglets were revealed between the milk and colostrum and first milk, between the first and second milk, between the third milk and milk-definitive, as well as between the first and second definitive phases. The timing of stabilization of the activity of individual enzymes in the tissues of the cecum is determined. They are detected in piglets in the later phases of feeding. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the nature and intensity of age-related changes in the activity of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, gamma-glutamyl transferase, α-amylase, acidic and alkaline phosphatases in tissues of different parts of the cecum in growing piglets were revealed.

AGE CHANGES OF γ-GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE ACTIVITY IN TISSUES OF MUSCLES OF THE RABBITS EXTREMITIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
Мардарьева ◽  
Nataliya Mardareva ◽  
Терентьева ◽  
Mayya Terenteva
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Age Related Changes

The purpose of the study is improvement of various in in animals body systems in separate development phases of postnatal ontogenesis. To achieve this goal, we have studied the regularities of age-related changes in the activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase in the tissues of the muscles biceps and triceps brachii, quadriceps femoris, gluteus and gastrocnemius muscles of the extremities in rabbits in different phases.Used gray giant breed rabbits at the age 1, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 days. Age groups were formed according to the principle of unique, taking into account gender, body weight, type of nervous system and general condition. The animal muscle tissue samples were removed and frozen in liquid nitrogen for further research. The activity of gamma glutamyl transferase was determined by photocolorimetric and spectrophotometric methods in the scientific laboratory of the Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Ecology of the Academy. The resalts show the nature of age-related changes of the enzyme levels in the tissues of the biceps and triceps the first forty-five days of life is about the same. But it should be noted that the increase or decrease intensity of GGT activity in the tissues during this lifetime differs. In the rest of the studied periods of life the nature of the activity of the enzyme in the biceps and shoulder triceps is different. The most intensive changes in the GGT level in the tissues of the biceps is detected from two-month to three-month age (increased 2.7 times, p<0.001) in the tissues of the triceps – from forty-five daily to two months (increased 3.9 times) and from three-months to four-months (increased 3.0 times, p<0.001). The character of changes of enzyme activity in the tissues of thigh quadriceps at different age rabbits differs from that of the rest of the studied muscles. The most intensive GGT activity changes from twenty-four to thirty days age (increased 4.0 times, p<0.001). Age-related changes in GGT level in the tissues of the gluteus and calf muscles are basically the same. The difference is found only in the first six days of rabbits` life. Enzyme level in rabbits in the tissues of the gluteus maximus during the first six days increased by 91.0%, p<0.05, and in the tissues of the calf muscle, it falls to 27.3%, p<0.05.

scholarly journals Influence of the hormonal background on the morphological replacement piglets

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (92) ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
I. I. Stupar
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Hemoglobin Content ◽  
Large White ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
White Breed

The puberty period in pigs depends on the functional activity of the endocrine system, which has an effect on the blood through the connective tissue. It has been established that steroid and thyroid hormones regulate the processes of metabolism and proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of cells. The aim of the research was to establish the peculiarities of formation of the morphological composition of blood under the influence of steroid and thyroid hormones in the process of puberty in different directions of productivity in the pigs. Experiments were performed on two groups of clinically healthy pigs of Pietrain breed and Large White breed. To assess the hormonal and morphological blood was taken from pigs from the anterior hollow vein in the 4-, 5-.6-, 7-month-old age (when their live weight reaches 100 kg). The predominance of hemoglobin content and the amount of erythrocytes in the blood of piglets of Pietrain breed over a Large White breed on the 120–150th day of development (P < 0.05) was observed, against the background of the general decrease in leukocytes in pigs of both breeds at the age of 5 months with the next gradual increase. The age-related changes in the leukocyte formula were directly related to the direction of animal productivity. In the Large White breed, from the beginning of the experiment, there was an increase in the number of rodenuclear neutrophils to 210-day-olds, followed by a sharp decreasing on 36.4%. In Pietrain breed, the level of the rodenuclear neutrophils decreased on 28.6% (P < 0.01) at the age of 5 months, followed by a sharp increasing over the coming months. From the 5th to the 7th months of the development of animals, the concentration of estradiol decreased in the first genotype 2 times (P < 0.05); in the second genotype – 1.9 times (P < 0.01). The content of thyroxine and triiodothyronine increased in the blood serum in Pietrain breed pigs (P < 0.01) and Large White breed (P < 0.001) in the period from 120th to 180th day of development. It was found that the amount of progesterone in Large White breed  was higher relatively to Pietrain breed in all investigated periods. The content of estradiol in pigs of both breeds from the 120th and the 150th day of development tended to decrease – by 2.8 times (P < 0.001) in Large White breed, 1.4 times (P < 0.05) in Pietrain breed, and testosterone increases, respectively, 2.1 (P < 0.05) and 1.9 (P < 0.05) times. The significant influence of progesterone on the number of lymphocytes and common leukocytes in Pietrain breed pigs was established. The level of estradiol significantly influenced the number of granulocytes in Pietrain breed pigs at the age of 5 months (r = 0.92 ... 0.99), and in animals of Large White breed the maximum correlation level was observed at the achievement of the 150th (r = 0.61) and 180 days of development (r = 0.94).

scholarly journals Structural changes of mucous membrane and the presence of immunoglobulins in small intestines of neonatal pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322
Author(s):  
Tomáš Kanka ◽  
Michal Rolinec ◽  
Danka Šťastná ◽  
Ivan Imrich ◽  
Daniel Bíro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large White ◽  
Neonatal Pigs ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Mucosal Changes ◽  
Experimental Group

The structure of the small intestine of neonatal pigs has an important effect on immunoglobulin absorption. The aim of the experiment was to observe changes in the mucous membrane and the presence of immunoglobulins in the intestines of piglets during the first hours of their postnatal lives. In total, 80 piglets of the Large White breed were divided into two groups of 40 pigs. One group (control) came from an infection-free breeding, the other (experimental) group came from a breeding with the reproduction and respiration syndrome of pigs. Samples (n = 80) of duodenum, jejunum and ileum were taken at intervals of 0, 3, 6 and 12 h after colostrum intake in order to carry out histological tests. Primary pig antibodies were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The low content of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM was detected in all segments of intestines of precolostral piglets. Difference (P < 0.05) in size of the mucous membrane was found in the duodenum at the interval of 0, 3 and 6 h (46.03%), in the jejunum at 0 and 12 h (45.98%) and in favour of the control group. Compared to the control group, more Ig (P < 0.01) antibodies were observed in the experimental group: in the duodenum IgG at 12 h (37.22 vs. 10.81%), IgA, 6 h (43.29 vs. 16.71%), IgM, 12 h (25.29 vs. 8.40%), in the jejunum at IgG 12 h (23.97 vs. 9.96%), IgA, 0 h (0.48 vs. 0.37%) and IgM, 3 h (21.80 vs. 10.10%), in the ileum IgG, 0 h (0.38 vs. 0.29%), IgA, 3 h (20.46 vs. 6.45%), IgM, 3 h (31.5 vs. 12.29%). We can conclude that the colostrum intake and the presence of reproduction and respiration syndrome of pigs resulted in changes of microscopic structures of intestines as well as in the presence of Ig in piglet intestines. These mucosal changes significantly affect the development of passive immunity in piglets in the postnatal period.

ACTIVITY OF ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE IN THE TISSUES OF THE DUODENUM IN RABBITSIN DIFFERENT PHASES OF POSTNATAL ONTOGENESIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
Терентьева ◽  
Mayya Terenteva ◽  
Мардарьева ◽  
Nataliya Mardareva
Keyword(s):  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Postnatal Ontogenesis ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Function ◽  
Age Related Changes

The purpose of the study is improving different body systems of animals in separate development phases of postnatal ontogenesis. To achieve this goal we studied the patterns of age-related changes of the activity of aspartate aminotransferase in the tissues of the duodenum of rabbits in different phases. Used rabbits breed gray giant at the age 1, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 days. The duodenum was divided into three parts: proximal, medial and distal. In every part of the duodenum was isolated two layers: mucous and muscle. In their studies of early postnatal life of rabbits was divided into phases. The studies show that due to changes in the structure and function of the muscular and mucous layers of the mucous membrane of the duodenum, due to changes in the composition and amount of food the activity of the enzyme varies. The activity of AST in the tissues of the mucous and muscle layers of the proximal, medial and distal parts of the duodenum at the age 1 day of rabbits in the colostrum nutrition phase, compared with other age groups, relatively low. In the first six days of life, in colostrum nutrition phase, the enzyme activity increases significantly. To twelve daily age rabbits, in the first dairy feeding phase, the activity of AST also increased significantly. Subsequently, the daily age of eighteen, in the second phase of dairy feeding, the activity of AST decreased significantly in the tissues of both layers ofthe proximal, medial and distal parts of the duodenum. Fromthedailyage of eighteen of rabbits in the tissues mucous layer of the proximal, medial and distal parts and in muscle layer of the distal part of the duodenum, the activity of AST is stabilized. In the muscle layer of the proximal and medial parts of the gut in subsequent phases of feeding rabbits the nature and intensity of age-related changes in activity of AST are slightly different. These distinctive features in the muscle layer of the mentioned parts of the duodenum, possibly associated with peculiarities of generation of their structure. Thus, the most intensive processes of transamination of aminoacids with the participation of aspartate aminotransferase in the examined tissues are seen in rabbits at early stages of postnatal period, toeighteendayold.

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in Zinc, Copper and Selenium Levels in the Human Prostate

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1403
Author(s):  
Adam Daragó ◽  
Michał Klimczak ◽  
Joanna Stragierowicz ◽  
Mateusz Jobczyk ◽  
Anna Kilanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Peripheral Part ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aas Method ◽  
Spectrofluorometric Method ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Age Related Changes

Pathophysiological changes in the prostate gland—benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa)—are closely related to the age of men. In the prostate gland, zinc is of particular importance for its proper functioning, especially with regard to the effects of hormonal disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate zinc, copper and selenium concentrations in different parts of the prostate gland in relation to age and the nature of pathological changes. Zinc and copper were determined by the AAS method and selenium by the spectrofluorometric method. The concentration of zinc in the central part of the prostate increases with age, and in patients over 36 years it is twice as high as in the peripheral part, where no increase in the level of this element was observed with the age of patients. The above data confirm a possible influence of zinc on the formation of PCa (located mostly in the peripheral part of the prostate, with low levels of zinc) and BPH in the central part where the levels of this element are the highest. The results apparently confirm the disturbed homeostasis of zinc and other essential elements in the etiology of BPH and PCa.

Features of growth and development of the skeleton in Simmental and crossbred steers during ontogenesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
I. P. Prokhorov ◽  
A. N. Pikul ◽  
V. N. Lukyanov ◽  
O. A. Kalmykova
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Axial Part ◽  
Lower Growth Rate ◽  
Age Related Changes

The results of age-related changes in the morphological composition of carcasses, features of growth and development of the axial and peripheral parts of the skeleton, and their constituent bones, Simmental and crossbred steers have been presented in the paper. The purpose of the research was to study the features of growth and development of the skeleton of Simmental and crossbred steers. The research has been carried out on the basis of the Tula Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture – a branch of the Federal Research Center “Nemchinovka”. In order to conduct experiments 3 groups of steers have been formed per 15 heads in each with using the method of analogous pairs. Animals of Simmental breed were included in the 1st control group, and in the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups consist of 1/2-blood steers of beef Simmental and Charollais breeds, respectively, obtained from crossbreeding Simmental cows with sires of these beef breeds. The experiment lasted until the 18-month-old of steers. It has been found that the intensity of bone growth in the axial and peripheral parts of the skeleton was due to age-related changes in the absolute and relative bone mass of steers. The intensity of growth of the axial part of the skeleton in the postnatal period increased, and the peripheral decreased. The ribs and spine were characterized by the increased growth rate, while the thoracic and pelvic limbs were characterized by the lower growth rate. The intensity of bone growth in the proximal parts of the limbs exceeded that of the distal parts. Age-related differences in the intensity of growth of the skeletal parts led to changes in the ratio between the linear body size and the features of the steers’ constitution. The value of the long-legness indices in Charolais crossbreds decreased from 65,4 at birth to 53,6 and 46,6 at the age of 6 and 12 months, respectively, while the lengthiness indices on the contrary increased and in these age periods amounted to 93,4, 105,4 and 114,9, respectively.

scholarly journals DE RITIS RATIO IN STOMACH TISSUES IN MIXED-AGE PURE-BRED PIGS, GROWN UP IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIFFERENT FARMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Diana P Sudakova ◽  
Maiya G Terentyeva ◽  
Nataliya V Mardaryeva
Keyword(s):  
Second Phase ◽  
Milk Supply ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Scientific Laboratory ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Mixed Age ◽  
Age Related Changes

The nature and intensity of age-related changes in the De Ritis coefficient, or the ratio of the enzyme aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase, in the tissues of the diverticulum, cardiac, fundal and pyloric parts of the stomach of purebred different-age pigs grown in different farms were studied. The activity of enzymes was determined by spectrophotometric method in the scientific laboratory of the “Chuvash State Agricultural Academy”. It was revealed that during the four-week weaning of pigs (under growing conditions of the pig complex), the nature and intensity of the age-related changes of the studied indicator have their own characteristics. At the same time, the value of the coefficient becomes more stable in piglets of both farms that are in the definitive or plant phase of feeding. The most intensive age-related changes in the De Ritis coefficient of purebred piglets grown under the conditions of the Student Scientific and Production Center “Student” are determined in the tissues of the diverticulum in the first phase of the milk-definitive diet (reduced by 33.8%). In the tissues of the cardiac part, in the second phase of the milk supply (increased by 31.2%). In the tissues of the fundus of the stomach, the De Ritis coefficient is more pronouncedly changing in the milky phase (increased by 2.3 times). In the tissues of the pyloric part - in the colostrum-milky phase of nutrition (increased by 2.1 times). The most intense age-related changes in the De Ritis coefficient of purebred piglets grown under pig farm conditions are detected in the tissues of the diverticulum in the first definitive phase of nutrition (increased by 1.7 times). In the tissues of the cardiac part of the stomach - in the first definitive phase of nutrition (increased by 3.4 times). In the tissues of the fundus of the stomach in piglets, the value of the coefficient changes more intensively only in the colostrum-milky phase of the diet (decreased by 51.4%). In the tissues of the pyloric part of the stomach, De Ritis coefficient with a high intensity changes in the second and third phases of the milk supply (increased by 3.0 times).

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