Study of Energy Efficiency Upgradation and Investment Risk

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Tandin Wangchuk ◽  
Tashi Tobgay ◽  
Pema Nidup ◽  
Yeshi Seldon ◽  
Roshan Chhetri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Load Growth ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Domestic Electricity

It was about 60 years ago when electricity was first introduced in Bhutan and today, more than 99.97 percent of households are electrified. Since electricity is superior to other form of energy, everybody prefers it. The electricity demand is increasing rapidly with development in all fronts. Distribution system are currently experiencing rapid changes in domestic load growth. With increasing domestic electricity consumption, Royal Government of Bhutan (RGoB) recognizes the importance of energy management and reduction at the consumer end to further minimize carbon emission and to increase the exports. While achieving 100 percent electrification of Bhutan, the increased consumer reduces the export, reducing the total revenue generated. The study identifies possible barriers of energy efficiency in domestic and industrial sectors. The lack of policy framework is one of the main reasons for the decline in interest in energy efficiency. The government subsidy is another cause of the same. This in turn led to negligence of Energy Efficiency (EE) programs by the consumers. On the contrary, consumers feel that the cost of energy is high, despite the fact that urban dwellers' expenditure capacity and productivity upgradation potential are also high. Based on a case study of residential and commercial buildings in the Phuntsholing region, as well as industrial sectors in Pasakha, this paper examines the metrics needed to make energy efficiency upgrade decisions. The study finds respondents were more likely to choose equipment that suited their budget rather than those that are energy efficient. Another big impediment to investment in energy efficiency in the region is a lack of energy efficiency awareness and information.

RESEARCH OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF TWO-CHAMBER PULSE DEVICES FOR STAMPING

2021 ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
А.Ю. Боташев ◽  
А.А. Мусаев
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Carrier ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Sheet Stamping ◽  
Fuel Mixtures ◽  
The Cost

Одной из разновидностей устройств, осуществляющих импульсные методы обработки давлением, являются двухкамерные устройства для листовой штамповки, использующие в качестве энергоносителя газовоздушные топливные смеси. Подача сжатого воздуха в камеру сгорания в рассматриваемом двухкамерном устройстве для листовой штамповки осуществляется компрессором. Проведен анализ термодинамических процессов, протекающих в камере сгорания и рабочем цилиндре двухкамерного устройства для листовой штамповки. При этом установлено, что энергия, затрачиваемая на работу компрессора, составляет около 45% от энергии, выделяющейся в камере сгорания. Получена зависимость для определения термодинамического КПД двухкамерных устройств для листовой штамповки, величина его составляет около 0,25. Установлено, что энергоэффективность двухкамерных устройств не уступает энергоэффективности традиционного штамповочного оборудования, при этом затраты на энергоносители двухкамерных устройств ниже за счет использования дешевого энергоносителя. В двухкамерном штамповочном устройстве для листовой штамповки электрическая энергия, используемая на работу компрессора, составляет менее 1/3 общей потребляемой энергии устройства. Поэтому при прочих равных условиях расходы на энергоносители будут значительно меньше, чем в штамповочном оборудовании, работающем на электрическом токе One of the types of devices that carry out pulse methods of pressure treatment are two-chamber devices for sheet stamping, using gas-air fuel mixtures as an energy carrier. The supply of compressed air to the combustion chamber in the considered two-chamber device for sheet stamping is carried out by a compressor. We carried out the analysis of thermodynamic processes taking place in the combustion chamber and the working cylinder of a two-chamber device for sheet stamping. We found that the energy spent on the operation of the compressor is about 45% of the energy released in the combustion chamber. We obtained the dependence for determining the thermodynamic efficiency of two-chamber devices for sheet stamping; its value is about 0.25. We established that the energy efficiency of two-chamber devices is not inferior to the energy efficiency of traditional stamping equipment, while the energy costs of two-chamber devices are lower due to the use of a cheap energy carrier. In a two-chamber die-forging device for sheet metal stamping, the electrical energy used to operate the compressor is less than 1/3 of the total energy consumption of the device. Therefore, all other things being equal, the cost of energy carriers will be significantly less than in stamping equipment operating on electric current

The cost of energy efficiency programs: Estimates from utility-reported datasets

Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 122448
Author(s):  
Patrick Knight ◽  
Bruce Biewald ◽  
Kenji Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Consumer Preferences of Windows Set in South Korea: The Role of Energy Efficiency Levels

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwan Byum Maeng ◽  
Jiyeon Jung ◽  
Yoonmo Koo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Mixed Logit ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

The building sector is considered to be important for Korean energy issues as it accounts for approximately 20% of Korea’s final energy consumption. As one of Korea’s passive strategies in its emission reduction plan is reducing energy consumption through improvements in energy efficiency because the energy loss mostly occurs from window sets, this study aims to examine the preferences and role of the energy efficiency level of window sets in South Korea. Given that the lifespan of a building exceeds 20 years, a building’s energy efficiency significantly impacts accumulated energy savings. However, window sets affect not only energy efficiency, but also the interior appearance of the building; therefore, it is important to understand consumer preferences and to examine their effect on building energy reduction accordingly. Using a mixed logit model, this study analyzes window set preferences and energy savings. As a result, this study determines that consumers consider the energy efficiency level to be the second most important factor in determining window preference, following the cost of the window. In addition, this study found that the marginal willingness to pay for efficiency level 2 window sets compared to level 3 window sets is USD 1256. For level 1 window sets, this figure increases to USD 3140. Further, a scenario analysis is conducted to analyze the government incentive program’s effectiveness in encouraging consumers to purchasing higher energy efficiency more efficient products, and thus in promoting the eco-friendly consumption of in households. Taking into consideration of households’ willingness to pay and cost saving amount for using energy efficient window sets, the optimal value of government incentives of is found to be approximately USD 700 is found to be optimal.

scholarly journals RECENT TRENDS IN THE DEBATE ON INDIA’S NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY ACT (NFSA) – 2013: TRAGEDY OR TRIUMPH?

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Shakeel
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Public Distribution System ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost ◽  
National Food Security

Present article follow up the recent debates that is being discussed in the country with respect to the National Food Security Act – 2013. Present article is based on the secondary sources of information collected through various books, magazines, journals, newspapers, government and non-governmental reports. The purpose of the article is to trace the discussion among various economist, planners, researchers and policy makers in order to analyse whether National food Security Act is a triumph for those who are in desperate need of it (poor and destitute), or a tragedy for those officials speaking against the Act. The main emphasis of the article is to discuss the cost of implementation of NFSA because it was believed that after its implementation it will put heavy burden on the government exchequer due to subsidies provided under it.  Article also examines the challenges related to Food Corporation of India with respect to procurement, storage and distribution of foodgrains. Moreover, article also discusses the NFSA with respect to the Integrated Child Development Scheme, its affect on small and marginal farmers of the country, challenges related to public distribution system.

scholarly journals Managing Tax Dispute Due to IFRS-16 on the Retrofits Implementation in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.21) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Ismiriai Nasip ◽  
Eka Sudarmaji
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Business Owner ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The IFRS-16 will shortly be implemented worldwide, where the operating lease is effectively removed, and all operational leases are qualified as debt. The operational lease is a major source and is important for off-balance sheet financing in Indonesia. Therefore, the implementation of IFRS-16 will probably hurt Indonesian business. The contract and/or service level agreements on the retrofits for the energy efficiency product can relieve the business owner from cash flow and new debts. This study established a framework for a critical comparative study; compare and assess the possibility of the retrofit financial practices under the current taxes regime, and the possibility upon IFRS-16 implementation to better understand the favorable measures for retrofit practitioners and future customers to handle the disputes. Triangulate the findings of comparative study and questionnaire survey to develop recommendation for the future researchers, practitioners and the government. The result indicates that the benefits of the retrofits financing implementation beat the cost and complexity posed by the enactment of new IFRS standards. Thus, the impact of the IFRS-16 and taxation are being considered as a part of business constraints that should be addressed together and able to manage the disputes over misperception on retrofits aspects with taxes officers.  

Increasing Mobile Robot Efficiency and Versatility Through Manipulation-driven Adaptation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Raymond Kim ◽  
Anirban Mazumdar ◽  
Varun Madabushi ◽  
Eric Dong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Mobile Robotics ◽  
Legged Locomotion ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Robot System ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Terrestrial mobile robotics are increasingly important to a range of missions including planetary exploration, search and rescue, logistics, and national security. Many of these missions require the robot to operate on a broad variety of terrain. Wheels are ideal for energy efficiency but can suffer catastrophic failure when presented with obstacles or complex ground. Legs can help navigate obstacles but at the cost of energy efficiency. Physical adaptation can enable a robot to benefit from both modes of locomotion. This paper describes a new approach to physical adaptation through manipulation. Specifically, this paper examines how manipulators can be used to change the vehicle's mode of locomotion and improve energy efficiency and versatility. This paper presents “swappable propulsors”, which can be easily attached/detached to adapt the vehicle through the use of permanent magnets. A new robot system that uses its manipulator to discretely switch between wheeled and legged locomotion is created. The experimental results demonstrate how this approach provides a unique combination of energy efficiency and versatility. This work describes the design of swappable propulsors, analyzes how to manipulate them, and describes how they can be used to improve performance. This work extends on prior work with additional analysis, an improved robot prototype, and new experimental results.

A Casualty of Political Transformation? The Politics of Energy Efficiency in the Japanese Transportation Sector

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Y. Lipscy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Liberal Democratic Party ◽  
Transportation Policy ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Cost

The Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) came to power in 2009 promising significant transportation sector reform, but it has struggled to implement its proposals. I argue that the DPJ's initiatives faltered due to the legacy of “efficiency clientelism.” Historically, Japanese transportation policy combined two imperatives: (1) encourage efficiency by raising the cost of energy-inefficient transportation, and (2) redistribute benefits to supporters of the incumbent Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). Because of the legacy of efficiency clientelism, DPJ campaign pledges—designed to appeal broadly to the general public by reducing transportation costs—ran up against the prospect of sharp declines in revenues and energy efficiency. Efficiency clientelism was well suited to political realities in Japan prior to the 1990s, but recent developments have undercut its viability. This raises profound questions about the sustainability of Japan's energy efficiency achievements.

scholarly journals Prospects for using data from pending orders for forecasting oil prices in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
D. V. Paleev ◽  
M. V. Chernyaev ◽  
Yu. V. Solovyova
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Oil Market ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Pricing Factors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Oil Pricing ◽  
The Cost

Modern oil-pricing is more dependent on the stock market conditions than on the cost price or demand and supply laws. The price is infl uenced by a great number of objective and subjective factors. The ability to analyze these factors is the basis of the modern stock market trade. Thus, stock quotes are the key to analyzing oil market in the short-term perspective. The authors study current trends informing pricing factors of the oil market and their influence. They point out the peculiarities of using orders as pricing tools, adduce Russian experience on pending orders at the oil market, analyze the specificity and prospects of using pending orders for analyzing oil market. So, changes of the conditions can be predicted much faster than by using traditional statistic methods of analyzing transactions. The authors conclude that using such a tool as a pending order will lead to better understanding of the market conditions for the main Russian oil brand (Urals). It will make the market more predictable and controllable by the government which will mitigate the consequences of drastic changes in oil prices and the changes of the cost of energy and fuel arising from that making the economy more resistant to crises. More accurate forecasts will increase the Russian traders’ income from the transactions. The authors use international researches devoted to stock market trade and data analysis, and information from software developers who design programs for analyzing stock market data.

scholarly journals NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY ACT: AREAS THAT NEED FOCUSED ATTENTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 412-419
Author(s):  
Amrit Patel
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Food Subsidy ◽  
Support Price ◽  
The Government ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The Cost ◽  
National Food Security

The National Food Security Act [NFSA],2013 aims at covering overall 67% of population (75%of rural and 50%urban) and promising to give them rice/wheat/coarse cereals at Rs.3/2/1/Kg through Public Distribution System[PDS]. The quantity promised is 35kg/month for Antyodya households and 5kg/per person for priority households. At the current average size of the family of around 5, this will work to 25kg/household per month. The total annual requirement of food grains for beneficiaries of PDS and other welfare schemes is estimated to be 61.2 million tons [MT]. The cost of handling grain by the Government was about Rs.30/kg for rice and Rs.22/kg for wheat in 2014 (including costs of carrying stocks), against an Minimum Support Price [MSP] of rice at about Rs.20/kg (converted from paddy) and Rs.14/kg for wheat. The budgeted food subsidy for FY 2014-15 was Rs.1.15 billion and there were pending arrears of almost Rs.500 billion that need to  be  cleared  on  account  of food  subsidy. Against this background, this development perspective article highlights the current status of hunger in India, aspects of NFSA 2013, current agricultural scenario and specific areas that need focused attention.

scholarly journals Energy labeling and the economic viability in residences of the project my house my life

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Thales Tati Gonçalves Vicente ◽  
Elaise Gabriel ◽  
Ursula Maira Maciel Rigon ◽  
Marlon Leão
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Cost

The significant increase in the electricity consumption over the past decades by the residential sector has stimulated the creation of initiatives which are aiming the energy efficiency (EE). In addition to laws that were enacted in order to increase EE, it was launched in 2012 the Quality Technical Regulation for Energy Efficiency Level of Residential Buildings (RTQ-R), which it sets parameters to be followed in the labeling of an Autonomous Housing Unit (UH). This research had as objective proposes alternatives to increase the energy efficiency level of a residential complex named My House My Life (Minha Casa Minha Vida - MCMV). Moreover, it was calculated the construction costs and evaluated the economic viability of the investment. Thus, it was evaluated the envelope and the water heating system through prescriptive method. The obtained results classified the current housing as D level and showed that a few changes are needed to reach the level A. Through thermal energy simulation it was determined by the new classification a reduction of 2/3 in electricity consumption. The increase in the construction costs to achieve the level A is lower than the cost savings over the building's lifetime. Currently, the Selic rate of 14.25% unfeasible the investment due to the opportunity cost, becoming feasible with the kWh cost higher than R$ 0.97 or with basic interest rates lower than 9.5%.

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