scholarly journals Splenectomy and sepsis

ANALES RANM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (138(01)) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
José Antonio Rodríguez Montes
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
General Consensus ◽  
Overwhelming Postsplenectomy Infection ◽  
Structure And Functions

There is general consensus in accepting that splenic surgery may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality that appears due to an interrelation of circumstances. The most common complications of splenectomy are infectious nature with an incidence of up to 40%; among infections, in 5-7% of cases may occur the so-called overwhelming postsplenectomy infection, motivated by the loss of immune functions of the spleen. In this paper, together with a basic description of the structure and functions of the spleen, the most relevant aspects and preventive measures of this serious postsplenectomy sequel are exposed.

Evaluation of an Electronic Dosing Calculator to Reduce Pediatric Medication Errors

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-416
Author(s):  
Brian Murray ◽  
Matthew J. Streitz ◽  
Michael Hilliard ◽  
Joseph K. Maddry
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Medication Errors ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Patient Visit ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Medication Dosage

Introduction. Adverse medication events are a potential source of significant morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients, where dosages frequently rely on weight-based formulas. The most frequent occurrence of medication errors occurs during the ordering phase. Methods. Through a prospective cohort analysis, we followed medication errors through patient safety reports (PSRs) to determine if the use of a medication dosage calculator would reduce the number of PSRs per patient visits. Results. The number of PSRs for medication errors per patient visit occurring due to errors in ordering decreased from 10/28 417 to 1/17 940, a decrease by a factor of 6.31, with a χ2 value of 4.063, P = .0463. Conclusion. We conclude that the use of an electronic dosing calculator is able to reduce the number of medication errors, thereby reducing the potential for serious pediatric adverse medication events.

Role of SCO-792, A Novel Enteropeptidase Inhibitor, In the Prevention of Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Yousif Rashid ◽  
Anupa Gnawali
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Duodenal Juice ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde ◽  
Pancreatic Parenchyma ◽  
New Novel ◽  
Rate Limiting

AbstractAcute pancreatitis is the most common iatrogenic dilemma of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Several factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis, and preventive measures were practiced accordingly. This study aims to refine the potential mechanisms that trigger post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis and define the role of enteropeptidase in the pathogenesis of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis. Furthermore, address the role of a new novel medication known as SCO-792, a potent enteropeptidase inhibitor, in the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis.Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis is caused by premature activation of the pancreatic enzymes within the pancreatic parenchyma. This activation is either an autoactivation due to direct provocation of intra-acinar enzymes as a result of the procedure or due to activation by enterpeptidase, a rate-limiting enzyme. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography interjects duodenal juice that is rich in enterokinase into the pancreatic-biliary tract, which in turn leads to intra-ductal activation of trypsinogen and subsequent enzymes. Given the vital role of enterokinase in initiating the pathogenesis of pancreatitis, enteropeptidase inhibition may prevent and reduce the severity of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis.SCO-792, a novel enteropeptidase inhibitor, is developed by SCOHIA Pharma, and pre-clinical trials confirmed its efficacy in inhibiting enteropeptidase. Studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of enteropeptidase inhibitors in preventing post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis.

Pulmonary Hemorrhage in the Neonate

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-304
Author(s):  
Megan Alexandra Welde ◽  
Cassidy Brooke Sanford ◽  
Melissa Mangum ◽  
Christy Paschal ◽  
Amy J. Jnah
Keyword(s):  
Early Identification ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Pulmonary Hemorrhage ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Exogenous Surfactant ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Proactive Management ◽  
Surfactant Administration

Pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) is a pathology associated with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly among preterm infants in the NICU. The diagnosis is made when hemorrhagic secretions are aspirated from the trachea concurrent with respiratory decompensation that necessitates intubation or escalated support. The implementation of mechanical ventilation and widespread exogenous surfactant administration have significantly reduced respiratory morbidities. However, when PH develops, death remains the most common outcome. Treatment for PH remains primarily supportive; thus, a thorough understanding of underlying disease processes, manifestations, diagnostic testing, and current evidence is vital to enable early identification and proactive management to reduce morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Approaches to treatment and prevention of diaper dermatitis

2018 ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
N. M. Sharova
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Diaper Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Structure ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Structure And Functions

The article deals with the features of skin structure and functions in infants and the causes of diaper dermatitis. It determined the priority of preventive measures and the choice of optimal agents for topical application that meet international standards. The requirements for topical agents used in infants for prevention of DD are described in detail, according to the international opinion of the experts group. 

scholarly journals Mucormycosis in CAPA, a Possible Fungal Super-Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Paola Saltini ◽  
Emanuele Palomba ◽  
Valeria Castelli ◽  
Marco Fava ◽  
Laura Alagna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Pulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
First Case ◽  
Super Infection

The occurrence of pulmonary fungal superinfection due to Aspergillus spp. in patients with COVID-19 is a well-described complication associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This can be related to a directed effect of the virus and to the immunosuppressive role of the therapies administered for the disease. Here, we describe the first case of pulmonary infection due to Mucorales occurring in a patient with a concomitant diagnosis of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis.

scholarly journals Phage-based detection of bacterial pathogens

The Analyst ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (11) ◽  
pp. 2617-2626 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. van der Merwe ◽  
P. D. van Helden ◽  
R. M. Warren ◽  
S. L. Sampson ◽  
N. C. Gey van Pittius
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Bacterial Detection

Bacterial pathogens cause significant morbidity and mortality annually to both humans and animals. With the spread of drug resistance and the diminishing effectiveness of antibiotics, there is a pressing need for effective diagnostics for detection of bacterial pathogens. Bacteriophages offer several unique opportunities for bacterial detection. This review highlights the means by which bacteriophages have been utilized to achieve and facilitate specific bacterial detection.

Smallpox Vaccination

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 922-923
Author(s):  
Edward B. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Routine Immunization ◽  
Smallpox Vaccination ◽  
Significant Morbidity

The zero incidence of smallpox in the United States for so many years, and the significant morbidity and mortality from vaccination, has led to the acceptable and desirable recommendation that routine immunization against smallpox be discontinued. However appropriate this step may seem, it will pose a number of new problems which will involve the pediatrician especially. (1) For many years, smallpox vaccination has been an almost sacred tenet, an immunologic gospel to the population, and has been credited with the conquest of this disease in this country—even though herd immunity could hardly be said to have existed here. Public reeducation is a hazardous matter.

Acute gastrointestinal bleeding

2021 ◽  
pp. 175573802110469
Author(s):  
Victoria Evans ◽  
Helen King
Keyword(s):  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Surgical Emergency

Acute gastrointestinal bleeding is a common medical and/or surgical emergency that can be caused by a range of diverse pathologies. Gastrointestinal Bleeding can be divided into upper and lower in nature, presenting in sometimes subtly different fashions, but with differing requirements for investigation and management. Prompt identification, risk stratification and treatment are required in order to minimise the ongoing significant morbidity and mortality rates associated with severe presentations of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Burns

2005 ◽  
pp. 411-431
Author(s):  
Patricia Sylla
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Management ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
The Face ◽  
Burn Patient

• Introduction 412 • Initial management checklist 416 • Initial management 418 • Assessing the burn patient 422 • Stabilizing the burn patient 426 • Surgical management of burns 428 Burns are systemic injuries, which result in significant morbidity and mortality. They present a major challenge, not only during the resuscitation phase, but also with later reconstruction. With burns of the face, a ...

Mitral balloon valvuloplasty

2010 ◽  
pp. 668-683
Author(s):  
Alec Vahanian ◽  
Dominique Himbert ◽  
Eric Brochet ◽  
Grégory Ducrocq ◽  
Bernard Iung
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Mitral Stenosis ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Balloon Valvuloplasty ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Mitral Valvuloplasty ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Number Of Patients

Although the prevalence of rheumatic fever has greatly decreased in Western countries, mitral stenosis (MS) still results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The treatment of MS has been revolutionized since the development of balloon mitral valvuloplasty (BMV). Until the first publication by Inoue in 1984, surgery was the only treatment for patients with mitral stenosis. Since then, the technique has evolved considerably. A large number of patients with varied conditions have now been treated worldwide, enabling us to assess the efficacy and risk of the technique, and long-term results make us better able to select the most appropriate candidates for treatment using this method.

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