scholarly journals Décor as a form of social belonging in Ancient Rome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Chumachenko
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Rome ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Social Belonging ◽  
Imperial Power ◽  
Single Sphere ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the article consists of exploring the category of décor as a form of social belonging in ancient Rome. The methodology consists in the application of analytical method – to determine the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of the décor in the works of Roman architects and philosophers: Vitruvius, Cicero, Seneca, Epicurus; formalization method – to clarify the concept of "décor" within the subject field of art history; the hermeneutic method – for interpreting the semantic load of the notion "décor" in the context of the culture of Ancient Rome; method of comparative studies – for analyzing approaches to understanding the category of décor as a form of social belonging in Ancient Rome. The scientific novelty of the work is that for the first time the essence of the décor as a form of social belonging in Ancient Rome. Conclusions. In Ancient Rome, the phenomenon of "Entertainment" was an important component of the socio-cultural life of this period, there was not a single sphere where this phenomenon did not act as the main decoration, the triumphs of emperors, the luxurious life of the patricians, all this was expressed in one definition of Juvenal – "Bread and circuses", Which became a defining marker in the culture and art of Ancient Rome. Décor, as an integral part of this phenomenon, becomes a form of social belonging, reflecting the characteristics of the corresponding lifestyle. The transformation of the concepts "décor" and "ornare" is considered, the first - in the ideological aspect of respect for the imperial power, the second - in the traditional decoration of Roman armor for legionnaires, as a means of emphasizing their belonging to the military. The most striking example of décor was the Arc de Triomphe, built in honor of the emperors (the Arc de Triomphe of Titus, Trajan, Constantine, etc.). On the example of the works of Vitruvius, Cicero, Seneca, the meaning of the category "décor" was considered as "Decor ornamentorum", the correspondence of details in relation to the whole, individual, special beauty that organically combines the combination of individual parts of an object into a single whole, situation or setting. Defined "décor" as a form of social belonging in the context of the transformation of the four Pompeian styles based on the decoration of insula and domus for different segments of the population (Domus aurea, "Villa of the Mysteries" in Pompeii, the house of Marcus Lucretius Frontinus in Pompeii, the villa in Oplontisi, the house of Menander in Pompeii, "House with Red Walls", "House of the Century" and "House of Julius Polybius"). Keywords: décor, interpretation, a culture of Ancient Rome, Vitruvius, Entertainment, Seneca, mosaic.

scholarly journals INTEGRATED CHARACTER OF FORENSIC-EXPERT INVESTIGATIONS IN THE MILITARY SPHERE

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 391-400
Author(s):  
V T. Chuprun
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Forensic Research ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Forensic Expert ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

The presence of the set of unresolved scientific and practical problems in the new field offorensic expertise "Military Research" is determined, and, first of all, it’s a deficit of scientific and methodical provision. The purpose of the paper is to define the comprehensive nature of forensic research in the military sphere. The experience of modern wars and armed conflicts shows that the battle of combined-arms formations acquires the features of land-and-air combat. It’s noted that in today’s combined arms battles and operations, it’s possible to solve successfully the tasks posed only in a complex manner. An analysis of the expert practice of the Kharkiv RIFE shows that during the last period the amount of the forensic military expertise has significantly increased. When conducting investigative activities in this category of criminal proceedings, a number of different issues arise, resolution of which requires special knowledge in various fields of science. In the Kharkiv RIFE there was initiated the performance of research work on the topic "The technique of forensic expert study of the work of commanders (staffs) and military formations in the preparation and realization of combat (service-combat) tasks". The novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time an algorithm is developed for determining, from a military point ofview, the compliance ofactions of responsible persons with the established requirements. An opinion was expressed that the subject of any research, including expert, is its immediate performer. In the latter case, it’s only a forensic expert or a person who is procedurally involved in the performance of the examination. The definition of the subject of a forensic military expertise is given. Attention is drawn to the need of availability for the forensic experts and specialists who participate in carrying out forensic military examinations, of the admittance to the information with limited access.

"Itzt kommen die Soldaten"

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilman Venzl
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Military History ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

In the 18th century, as many as 300 German-language plays were produced with the military and its contact and friction with civil society serving as focus of the dramatic events. The immense public interest these plays attracted feeds not least on the fundamental social structural change that was brought about by the establishment of standing armies. In his historico-cultural literary study, Tilman Venzl shows how these military dramas literarily depict complex social processes and discuss the new problems in an affirmative or critical manner. For the first time, the findings of the New Military History are comprehensively included in the literary history of the 18th century. Thus, the example of selected military dramas – including Lessing's Minna von Barnhelm and Lenz's Die Soldaten – reveals the entire range of variety characterizing the history of both form and function of the subject.

scholarly journals Merarches in the thematic organization (9th-12th centuries)

2013 ◽  
pp. 215-234
Author(s):  
Milos Cvetkovic
Keyword(s):  
Historical Documents ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Byzantine Period ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Source Materials

The text cites the results of the study of the role of merarches, which were a part of the military organization of the Empire in the early Byzantine period. Later historical documents do not give any notion of this position for more than two centuries. The merarches became a part of the thematic organization in the middle of 9th century. Our ability to fully understand the nature of their function is limited due to the scarcity of source materials; this, however, may be overcome by taking into account, the general and political situation in the Empire, that is, by considering the military reforms executed in the 9th and 10th century. This paper focuses on the problem of the military-administrative competences of the merarches, which have been the subject of different interpretations in the modern, scholarly literature. One of the aims of this research is the definition of the timeframe within which the reestablishment of this rank in the Byzantine army occured.

scholarly journals Identification of the specificity of functionality of the military-industrial complex

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-49
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Azarov
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
Iron Triangle ◽  
Scientific Representations ◽  
Basic Transformation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Military

The subject of this research is the economic relations formed as a result of operation and development of military-industrial complex, which affect economic growth of the country. The object of this research is the military-industrial complex. The goal consists in determination of peculiarities of functionality of military-industrial complex. The author explores such aspects of the topic, as the evolution of approaches towards studying the military-industrial complex, as well as nuances of its functionality. Special attention is paid to the structure of military-industrial complex, highlighting its key components and determining interaction between them. The author’s main contribution lies in the proposed interpretation of the military-industrial complex, formulated as a result of critical analysis of relevant scientific representations on its essence, and reflecting the specifics of its functionality. The novelty consists in the analysis and systematization of scientific approaches to definition of military-industrial complex; its structural perception in form of modified scheme of O. Williamson with indication of major stakeholders and relations between them, which is based on the concept of “iron triangle”; identification of basic transformation trends of the military-industrial complex, as well as characteristics that differentiate it from other economic macro-sectors.

Aristotle's Use of Medicine as Model of Method in his Ethics

1957 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Political Art ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
Source Of Information

Philosophy, in general, moves in a sphere of abstraction, and its statements claim to be necessary and of universal validity. The reader therefore expects them to appeal directly to his reason, and he does not normally reflect much on the time and historical conditions that determined what the philosopher took for granted. It is only in this age of historical consciousness that we have come to appreciate these factors more readily, and the great thinkers of the past appear to us more or less closely related to the culture of their age. The writings of Plato and Aristotle in particular are for us an inexhaustible source of information about Greek society and civilisation. This is true also in regard to the relation of Greek philosophy to the science of its time, and this is of special importance for our understanding. That relation can be traced throughout Aristotle's logical, physical, and metaphysical works; but the influence of other sciences and arts is no less evident in his ethics. In this paper I propose to examine the numerous references to medicine that occur in the Nicomachean Ethics. They are mostly concerned with the question of the best method of treating this subject. The problem of the right method is always of the utmost importance for Aristotle. The discussion of it begins on the first page of the Ethics, where he tries to give a definition of the subject of this course of lectures and attributes it to a philosophical discipline that he calls ‘politics’. He does so in agreement with the Platonic tradition. We can trace it back to one of the dialogues of Plato's first period, the Gorgias, in which the Platonic Socrates for the first time pronounces his postulate of a new kind of philosophy, the object of which ought to be the care of the human soul (φυχῆς θεραπεία). He assigns this supreme task to ‘political art’, even though it does not fulfil this function at present.

scholarly journals Gubernatorzy wojskowi w systemie polskiej administracji początków XIX w ieku

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-66
Author(s):  
Piotr Krzysztof Marszałek
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Administrative System ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Model Set ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Military Law ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

In Polish literature on the subject, the military governor’s office is usually associated with the organisation of the administrative system that prevailed in the partitioning states (Poland’s Partitions 1791-1918). However, the governor’s office had already been known in Poland during the Duchy of Warsaw (1807-1815), when it was, like many other solutions of administrative and military law, imported directly from France. In the structure of Polish public organs, the office of governor was created for the first time during the Polish-Austrian war in 1809. Although no documents have survived from which we could learn of the competences of a Polish governor in those times, what is known is that the description of his authority followed closely the model set out by the French legislation. It was not before the Polish-Russian war in 1830-1831 that first attempts were made to independently set out the authority o f a governor of the Polish state, but even then, at least initially, the solutions set forth by the regime o f the Napoleonic decree were directly referred to and copied. In the second half of the 19th century, shortly before the collapse of the November Uprising, a draft describing the office and competences of a Polish governor was finally ready to be put forward for parliamentary discussion, but it was already too late for the Sejm to deal with it.

The 10,000 Persian Immortals, a Model for the Special Indoeuropean Troops

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Mădălina Strechie
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Postal Service ◽  
Human History ◽  
Roman Army ◽  
First Case ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe history of humanity got from the Persians the first imperial organization, the first process of integration of the conquered ones, the first postal service, the most effective means of communication at the dawn of Antiquity, and also the best organized militarized services.The most special of the Indo-European Antiquity troops was the Royal Guard, founded by Darius I, one of the great kings of humanity, a political titan, and equally an extraordinary general through his institutional creations of force. The Royal Guard of Darius I, known in history as the 10,000 immortals, is the subject of our study, as it is one of the most complex special militarized structures in human history of all time, inspiring the military structures of all the Indo-Europeans, whether the Hoplite revolution, the organization of the Macedonian phalanx or the Roman Praetorian Guard and more than that.The 10,000 immortals combined not only the heroic character (while multiplying it), which appeared for the first time with the Greeks of the Homeric period, but also strict discipline, in the Spartan sense, contemporary with this troop, the organization and the well-developed logistics, which would inspire the Roman army, the military brotherhoods characteristic of all the Indo-Europeans, but this totally special troop, in particular, imposed the model of the educated (even intellectual) military man, a soldier of the supreme god of the Good, faithful first of all to the Good and to his king, a military man who used all the weapons of the time.This special troop was a true institution that also provided information to the Persian king, information being one of the most effective weapons. Moreover, the Persians through this Royal Guard used for the first time psychological impact as a weapon, this being the first case of effective manipulation by the number that was kept constant, but also by name. Only the gods were immortal, and the very large number of soldiers who made up this special troop is impressive even today. The armament of this extraordinary troop comprised all the weapons of the time, the bow above all, which the Aryans considered the favourite weapon of Indra, the most warlike god of the Indo-European gods.

scholarly journals The Problem of Scientific Approach to Studying Genealogy of the Muralist Sculptor, People's Artist of Russia V. M. Klykov

2021 ◽  
pp. 615-625
Author(s):  
Tatyana I. Dolzhenkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Professional Critics ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

The famous Soviet and Russian sculptor V. M. Klykov (1939-2006), winner of state prizes of the RSFSR and the USSR, People's Artist of Russia, Honored Artist of the Russian Federation, was an ambiguous figure in the eyes of his contemporaries. His caught the attention not only of professional critics, but also of ordinary people. Many publications and memoirs dedicated to the sculptor had been published during his lifetime. However, V. M. Klykov himself gave contradictory information on the history of his family in his interviews. At the same time, a complete and objective assessment of his life and work and his role in art is impossible without studying his social origin and family history, which determined the relevance of this work. Until now, the history of the Klykov family has been reconstructed from stories and memoirs of those who knew him personally. The study has also been hampered by the fact that there are misconceptions about V. M. Klykov’s ancestors that often spring from desire to create a certain image that fits the worldview of the famous sculptor. The purpose of the study has been to identify and analyze the documentary sources on the subject: archival materials, documents from the museum collection and periodicals. The fonds of the State Archive of the Kursk Region (GAKO) have provided most sources. However, destruction of the archives during the Civil War and the Nazi occupation resulted in a lack of documents and photographs from the early 20th century. Some information has been found in databases available on the Internet. A number of documents are being introduced into scientific use for the first time. The study is based on the key principles of historicism, consistency, and objectivity, which allows the author to avoid mythologization of the sculptor. Comparative analysis of the identified sources has allowed the author to trace V. M. Klykov’s genealogy up to the mid-19th century, to identify the names of his ancestors, to note the family’s difficult fate through the pivots of Russian history, to determine V. M. Klykov’s ancestors and to explore their biographies, achievements, and social status. Several representatives of the Klykov family have been identified, who showed themselves worthily in the military service of the Fatherland. In addition, the author has refuted the tale of the sculptor's grandfather ‘s de-kulakization and persecution by the Soviet power. The author concludes that peasant origin and environment in which the sculptor grew up left an imprint on his worldview, and therefore, on the theme of his monumental creativity and ideas that he defended in public life.

scholarly journals The Library of the Headquarters of the Border Guard Special Corps. To the 125th Anniversary of the Corps Foundation

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-646
Author(s):  
Anatoliy M. Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
General Staff ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Quantitative Indices ◽  
125Th Anniversary ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Library Catalogue ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time ◽  
Systematic Catalogue

Due to the lack of studies on the history of librarianship in the Border Guard Special Corps (BGSC), this article considers for the first time the history of creation and development of the library at its headquarters. The purpose of the article is the reconstruction of the library stocks, first of all its quantitative indices and thematic content, basing on “The Library Catalogue of the Headquarters of the Border Guard Special Corps” of 1906. The author widely used the method of comparative analysis, which allowed to reveal the catalogue shortcomings, common to pre-revolutionary libraries, and specific features of catalogue compilation, to identify similarities and differences in the subject matter of the available publications and their distribution between Military Department divisions with similar book collections (using the example of “Systematic Catalogue of books of the Library of Headquarters of the Moscow Military District, published in the same 1906, and three additions to it). The core of the source base of the study were the library catalogues and orders of the chiefs of the Border Guard. This study allowed the author to establish the date of creation of the library, which should be considered January 30, 1895, as on that day the Corps Headquarters Order No. 12 recorded the first receipt of books and quantitative indices of the stock, which included 33 authors (names) in 110 volumes. According to the catalogue, by 1906 the library included 454 authors (names) of publications in 1396 volumes. The article revealed the existence of one more library at the headquarters of the BGSC, arranged and operated at Corps Museum. The results show that organising and development of libraries at the headquarters of BGSC and its structural units went in one course with the establishment and further existence of libraries of the Military Department. They had similar departments, same sources of accession, including from the General Staff, depended on the attitude of higher administration and the initiative of the officers themselves.

scholarly journals The Parallaxes of the Fox: Towards Definition of the Subject and Status of Social Philosophy

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-172
Author(s):  
Alexander Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Sociology ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Normative Dimension ◽  
The Times ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Empirical Material

The author of this article tries to reconsider the subject field of social-philosophical knowledge. He considers the principal difference of social philosophy from theoretical sociology, historical sociology, and political philosophy. On the basis of this differentiation, it is stated that social philosophy is a separate and coherent discipline. The author then considers several possible approaches to the study of society that could be characterized as “weak programs” of social philosophy. On such a basis, it is claimed that a “strong program” of social philosophy could be formed. This program must organically combine the following assumptions: the methodology of neo-Marxism, including the orientation towards the traditional for these current intellectual objects of analysis, and accurate and thorough studies, as well as a firmness and conceptual coherence, i.e., a level of analysis beyond the immediate empirical material. The author then considers one of the main challenges that social philosophy faces or must face in the nearest future. Social philosophy has to fulfill an important task: to say something sensible about the times we are living in, to determine changes in culture and economy, as well as to give an answer to the question of what comes instead of postmodernity, if such a thing ever existed. On the basis of the above-mentioned points, the following working definition of social philosophy is given: multiple (although not always) philosophical conceptualizations of social problems, phenomena, and complex notions, as well as theoretical attempts at interpreting our or/and another epoch, which, in the interpretation, first of all assumes a normative dimension, and secondly, is based on rich empirical material. This approach can also be explained through the notion of “the parallax of the fox”, which assumes that social philosophy deals with many things, but at the same time, tries to give a new look at existing problems and to determine its heuristic potential.

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