Bed Bugs and Blood-Sucking Conenose

Revised! ENY-227, a 7-page illustrated fact sheet by P. G. Koehler, R. M. Pereira, M. Pfiester, and Jeff Hertz, describes these blood-sucking insects, their life cycles, and control methods. Includes new techniques for bed bug control and a table of insecticides labeled for bed bug control. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, November 2008. ENY-227/IG083: Bed Bugs and Blood-Sucking Conenose (ufl.edu)

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Widespread Mutations in Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Gene of Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) Populations in Paris

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18020407 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 407

Author(s):

Mohammad Akhoundi ◽

Dahlia Chebbah ◽

Denis Sereno ◽

Anthony Marteau ◽

Julie Jan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Point ◽

Cimex Lectularius ◽

Single Point Mutation ◽

Homozygous Mutation ◽

Knockdown Resistance ◽

Bed Bugs ◽

Bed Bug ◽

Channel Gene ◽

Blood Sucking ◽

The Status

Bed bugs, Cimex lectularius and C. hemipterus, are common blood-sucking ectoparasites of humans with a large geographical distribution, worldwide. In France, little is known about the status of bed bugs’ infestation and their resistance to insecticides, particularly, pyrethroids. Here, we aimed to find mutations in the kdr gene, known to be involved in resistance to insecticides. We gathered bed bugs from various infested locations, including 17 private houses, 12 HLM building complex, 29 apartments, 2 EHPAD, and 2 immigrants’ residences. A total of 1211 bed bugs were collected and morphologically identified as C. lectularius. Two fragments of the kdr gene, encompassing codons V419L and L925I, were successfully amplified for 156 specimens. We recorded sense mutation in the first amplified fragment (kdr1) in 89 out of 156 (57%) samples, in which in 61 out of 89 (68.5%) sequences, a change of valine (V) into leucine (L) V419L was observed. Within the second fragment (kdr2), a homozygous mutation was recorded in 73 out of 156 (46.7%) specimens at the codon 925. At this position, 43 out of 73 (58.9%) specimens had a sense mutation leading to the replacement of leucine (L) by isoleucine (I). Among 162 mutant sequences analyzed (89 for the kdr1 fragment and 73 for the kdr2 one), we detected single point mutation in 26.6%, while 73.4% presented the mutation in both kdr1 and kdr2 fragments. All modifications recorded in bed bug populations of Paris are described to be involved in the knockdown resistance (kdr) against pyrethroids.

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Dynamics of bed bug infestations and control under disclosure policies

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1814647116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 116 (13) ◽

pp. 6473-6481 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sherrie Xie ◽

Alison L. Hill ◽

Chris R. Rehmann ◽

Michael Z. Levy

Keyword(s):

Cost Benefit ◽

Control Policy ◽

Spillover Effects ◽

The United States ◽

Effective Control ◽

Bed Bugs ◽

Bed Bug ◽

Highly Nonlinear ◽

Public Health Practitioners ◽

And Control

Bed bugs have reemerged in the United States and worldwide over recent decades, presenting a major challenge to both public health practitioners and housing authorities. A number of municipalities have proposed or initiated policies to stem the bed bug epidemic, but little guidance is available to evaluate them. One contentious policy is disclosure, whereby landlords are obligated to notify potential tenants of current or prior bed bug infestations. Aimed to protect tenants from leasing an infested rental unit, disclosure also creates a kind of quarantine, partially and temporarily removing infested units from the market. Here, we develop a mathematical model for the spread of bed bugs in a generalized rental market, calibrate it to parameters of bed bug dispersion and housing turnover, and use it to evaluate the costs and benefits of disclosure policies to landlords. We find disclosure to be an effective control policy to curb infestation prevalence. Over the short term (within 5 years), disclosure policies result in modest increases in cost to landlords, while over the long term, reductions of infestation prevalence lead, on average, to savings. These results are insensitive to different assumptions regarding the prevalence of infestation, rate of introduction of bed bugs from other municipalities, and the strength of the quarantine effect created by disclosure. Beyond its application to bed bugs, our model offers a framework to evaluate policies to curtail the spread of household pests and is appropriate for systems in which spillover effects result in highly nonlinear cost–benefit relationships.

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Evaluation of the Common Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cimicidae) Susceptibility to λ-Cyhalothrin, Malathion, and Diazinon in Northeastern Iran

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjz011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 903-906 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fariba Berenji ◽

Ali Moshaverinia ◽

Abbas Jadidoleslami ◽

Aliakbar Shamsian ◽

Stephen L Doggett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Filter Paper ◽

Cimex Lectularius ◽

Bed Bugs ◽

Bed Bug ◽

Response Data ◽

Blood Sucking ◽

Mashhad City ◽

The Common ◽

Student Residence ◽

Paper Method

Abstract The common bed bug, Cimex lectularius (Linnaeus 1758), is a nocturnal blood-sucking ectoparasite of humans that is highly prevalent in the northeast of Iran. In recent years, the efficacy of those insecticides that have been frequently used to control bed bugs in Iran has not been studied. Due to frequent complaints about bed bug treatment failures in Mashhad city (northeastern Iran), this study assessed the susceptibility of C. lectularius collected from a student residence hall to Diazinon, Malathion, and λ-cyhalothrin. The desired concentrations of each insecticide were prepared in acetone, and bioassays were performed using insecticide-impregnated filter paper method. The concentration–response data were subjected to POLO-PC software and data were analyzed by the log-probit procedure. The LC50 values of Diazinon and λ-cyhalothrin for examined bed bugs were 1,337.40 and 2,022.36 ppm, respectively. Malathion at the highest concentration (10,000 ppm) did not exhibit any toxicity to examined C. lectularius. Comparing these results to the same previous studies showed that susceptibility of examined bed bugs to these insecticides has been highly decreased. This study revealed an occurrence of insecticide resistance in bed bug populations in northeastern Iran. It also suggests that Malathion, Diazinon, and λ-cyhalothrin are ineffective against bed bugs in this region.

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Effects of Resident Education and Self-Implementation of Integrated Pest Management Strategy for Eliminating Bed Bug Infestation in Ahvaz City, Southwestern Iran

Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases ◽

10.18502/jad.v14i1.2705 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ismaeil Alizadeh ◽

Elham Jahanifard ◽

Mona Sharififard ◽

Mohammad Ebrahim Azemi

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Resident Education ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Bed Bugs ◽

Medical Entomology ◽

Bed Bug ◽

Blood Sucking ◽

Ipm Strategy

Background: Bed bugs as blood-sucking insects have become a public health problem in urban communities throughout the world. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of resident education and self-implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy for eliminating bed bug infestation in infected apartments in Ahvaz City, Iran. Methods: This interventional study was conducted in seventy apartments infested with bed bug (Cimex lectularius) in Ahvaz City, southwest Iran, during a 6-month period. The bed bug infestations reported to Health centers were inspected visually and confirmed by medical entomology experts. Then, the heads of the households were received techniques/ tools of the IPM program and trained by medical entomology experts before self-implementation of control methods. Finally, the infected apartments were inspected by the experts at 1, 3, and 6 months after intervention and data were recorded in a checklist. Results: From the seventy infected apartments, 57%, 28% and 15% were considered as low, moderate, and high level infestation respectively. The bed bug infestation was eliminated from 53 apartments (76%) after one month and it reached to 62 apartments (88%) by the end of third month. Finally, after six months of applying IPM program, bed bugs infestation was eliminated from all infected apartments (100%). Residents expressed their 100% satisfaction with applying the bed bug IPM strategy. Conclusion: Training residents to implement the IPM program can reduce pest control costs, the volume of pesticides consumed, and human exposure to chemical pesticides, resulting in increased human and environmental health and safety.

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Fecundity, Survival and Susceptibility of Bedbugs (Cimex Hemipterus), Exposed to Selected Classes of Insecticides: A Short Report

10.21203/rs.3.rs-592237/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

MARY Aigbiremo OBOH ◽

Taiye Shade Olusegun-Joseph ◽

Adedayo Michael Awoniyi ◽

Maureen Ihinosen Ileaboya ◽

Bukola Tawakalitu Lawal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Egg Production ◽

Exposed Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Short Report ◽

Bed Bugs ◽

Bed Bug ◽

Blood Sucking ◽

Cimex Hemipterus ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: Tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus, is a nocturnal obligate blood-sucking ecto-parasite of humans that is highly prevalent in Nigeria. Bed bug control heavily relies on the application of several insecticides-based formulations. Insecticide resistance in bed bug populations has been widely reported. Here, we assessed the mortality and fecundity of bed bugs following exposure to different classes of insecticides. Methods: Bed bugs were collected from students’ halls of resident and exposed to DDT (4%), permethrin (0.75), bendiocarb (0.1) and malathion (4%) insecticide-impregnated papers. Mortality and number of eggs laid by each exposed groups were recorded at 24hrs, 48hrs and 72hrs. Results: The relative numbers of eggs produced by bedbugs in the DDT, bendiocarb and malathion assays were lower than what was observed in the control 24 hours after exposure. The highest reduction in egg production was observed in the malathion exposed-group compared to the other insecticides and the control group. The impact of the different assays on bugs mortality revealed DDT to produce a time-dependent outcome with the highest death rate (36.7%) recorded 24 hours’ post-exposure. In contrast, malathion and bendiocarb impacted the most mortality (53.3% and 46.6%) after 72 hours. Conclusion: This study revealed an occurrence of suspected insecticide resistance to all classes of insecticide used in bed bug populations in Lagos State, Nigeria.

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Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius): Biology and their Role as Pests to Humans

MacEwan University Student eJournal ◽

10.31542/j.muse.200 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dreann Nicole Fedor

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Blood Feeding ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Cimex Lectularius ◽

Control Methods ◽

Extreme Temperatures ◽

Bed Bugs ◽

Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽

Bed Bug ◽

Unique Biology

Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) are blood feeding ectoparasites that have evolved as human pests due to their unique biology and reproduction. Common side effects of bed bug bites include: skin lesions, localized inflammation, itchiness and anxiety. There are numerous control methods to reduce bed bug populations such as vacuuming, steaming, laundering, exposure to extreme temperatures and chemical eradication methods. Bed bugs have become resistant to pyrethroid insecticides and DDT, supporting the cosmopolitan reemergence of bed bugs in the last couple decades.

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