scholarly journals Green orchid bee Euglossa dilemma Friese (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apidae)

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Mullins
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Orchid Bees ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Orchid Bee ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Wood Rot Fungi ◽  
Green Coloration

Green orchid bees are a quite conspicuous and charismatic species. This is mostly due to their large size and bright metallic-green coloration. They are very fast and agile flyers, and can be seen quickly darting from flower to flower separated by long periods of hovering. Male orchid bees collect fragrant volatile compounds from their environment and present them to females by fanning their wings and “spray ventilating” their bouquet for the inspection of prospective mates. In Florida, male green orchid bees are attracted to chemicals produced by certain wood-rot fungi, decomposing vegetation, perfume flowers, and certain essential oils such as clove and cinnamon oil. Male green orchid bees can be quickly and easily attracted and observed by soaking a small piece of paper with clove oil and placing it outside. This 4-page fact sheet was written by Aaron Mullins, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, October 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1013

scholarly journals Effect of essential oils on seed borne Fusarium sp., and seed quality of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
K Girish ◽  
◽  
Chaithra S ◽  
Syeda Fathima ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Sesame Seed ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Rose Oil ◽  
Fusarium Sp

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is as an important oilseed crop and seed borne fungi are reducing the yield as well as quality of the seeds produced. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of essential oils for control of seed borne fungi as well as enhancement of seed quality of sesame. Fusarium sp., was isolated from sesame seeds by agar plate method. Four essential oils such as camphor oil, cinnamon oil, clove oil and rose oil were screened for their antifungal potential against the isolated Fusarium sp., by poisoned food method. Selected essential oils were tested at different concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm concentrations for their ability to inhibit the mycelial growth of test fungi. All the oils completely inhibited the mycelial growth of test fungi at 500 ppm concentration. The effect of selected essential oils on sesame seed quality was analyzed by standard blotter method. All the four oils increased the germination percentage and seed vigour while the fungal infection was completely inhibited without any phytotoxic effects. Comparatively, clove oil showed the best activity followed by camphor oil, cinnamon oil and rose oil. These results observed of the essential oils indicate the possible usage of them for the sesame seed treatment following further investigations.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Commercially Available Essential Oils Against Streptococcus mutans

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhushan Arun Jawale ◽  
Lalit Kumar D Chaudhari ◽  
Sheeba Sharma ◽  
CD Mounesh Kumar ◽  
Pooja Adwait Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Peppermint Oil ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Lemongrass Oil ◽  
Spearmint Oil

ABSTRACT Introduction Many essential oils have been advocated for use in complementary medicine for bacterial and fungal infections. However, few of the many claims of therapeutic efficacy have been validated adequately by either in vitro testing or in vivo clinical trials. Objective To study the antibacterial activity of nine commercially available essential oils against Streptococcus mutans in vitro and to compare the antibacterial activity between each material. Methodology Nine pure essential oils; wintergreen oil, lime oil, cinnamon oil, spearmint oil, peppermint oil, lemongrass oil, cedarwood oil, clove oil and eucalyptus oil were selected for the study. Streptococcus mutans was inoculated at 37°C and seeded on blood agar medium. Agar well diffusion assay was used to measure antibacterial activity. Zone of inhibition was measured around the filter paper in millimeters with vernier caliper. Results Cinnamon oil showed highest activity against Streptococcus mutans followed by lemongrass oil and cedarwood oil. Wintergreen oil, lime oil, peppermint oil and spearmint oil showed no antibacterial activity. Conclusion Cinnamon oil, lemongrass oil, cedarwood oil, clove oil and eucalyptus oil exhibit antibacterial property against S. mutans. Clinical significance The use of these essential oils against S. mutans can be a viable alternative to other antibacterial agents as these are an effective module used in the control of both bacteria and yeasts responsible for oral infections. How to cite this article Chaudhari LKD, Jawale BA, Sharma S, Sharma H, Mounesh Kumar CD, Kulkarni PA. Antimicrobial Activity of Commercially Available Essential Oils Against Streptococcus mutans. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(1):71-74.

scholarly journals (408) Effects of Essential Oils on CO2 Assimilation, Stomatal Conductance, and Evapotranspiration of Apple

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1070B-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason McAfee ◽  
Curt Rom
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Concentration Effects ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Organic Fruit

Pesticides and alternative fruit thinners are needed for certified organic fruit growers. Transient reductions in photosynthesis (Pn) have proven an effective technique for fruit thinning. Pesticides can be detrimental to plant growth by Pn reduction. This study was developed to measure plant response to foliar applications of essential oils at 2% concentrations. Treatments were applied to vegetative apple trees grown under controlled environment conditions to study photosynthetic effects. There was no significant effect on Pn for treatments; however, clove oil was very phytotoxic and defoliated all trees in this study. Cinnamon oil and cedarwood oil significantly decreased evapotranspiration and stomotal conductance 1 day after treatment. Differences in plant growth were not significantly different for all treatments excluding clove oil. Studies on concentration effects may determine horticultural usefulness of these compounds.

Changes in Volatile Compounds of Virgin Olive Oil Flavored with Essential Oils During Thermal and Photo-Oxidation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunduz Sezer Kiralan ◽  
Sermin Goksu Karagoz ◽  
Gulcan Ozkan ◽  
Mustafa Kiralan ◽  
Onur Ketenoglu
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Photo Oxidation

Enzyme‐assisted extraction of essential oils from Syzygium aromaticum

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 248-254
Author(s):  
R. Amudan ◽  
D. V. Kamat ◽  
S. D. Kamat
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Zone Size ◽  
Structure Quality ◽  
Assisted Extraction

The essential oil of clove ( Syzygium aromaticum) holds an important positionamongst widely used essential oils. A typical steam distillation processfor the extraction of clove oil provides a 10.1% yield. Recent studies involvedthe use of enzymes such as pectinase, amylase, lignocellulase, and cellulaseon the powder of clove buds, prior to extraction. The traditional methods ofphysical and chemical extraction are effective but may affect the structure,quality and yield of the phytochemicals extracted. In the current study,hence, enzymes specific for action on the cell wall have been used in the pretreatment prior to extraction, to enhance the quality and yield of the phytochemicalsextracted. The results indicated that all the enzymes, gave morethan 50% higher yield than control in terms of weight of extracted essentialoil. A mixture of the enzymes gave the highest yield of 17.82%. Gas chromatographyresults indicated that the essential oil extracted using amylase hada maximum eugenol content of 70%, in comparison with the eugenol content(62–68%) in the essential oils extracted using the rest of the enzymes.Antibacterial activity of all the extracts was studied on methicillin â€resistantStaphylococcus aureus  (MRSA). The essential oil extracted by using amylaseinhibitedMRSA, showed a zone size of 40 mm, whereas the essential oil extractedby using lignocellulase showed a zone size of 45 mm. The gas chromatogramindicated the maximum number of peaks in this extract, whichcould be producing a combined antibacterial effect on the organism. Thespecific gravity values of the essential oil extracted using lignocellulase andamylase was 1.051 and 1.062, respectively, whereas the control had a specificgravity of 1.015.

Effect of Microwave Treatment on the Profile of Volatile Compounds and Characteristics of White Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Essential Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
Atma Elfahdi - Elfahdi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
White Pepper ◽  
Cell Tissue

Microwave treatment on white pepper was conducted to damage cell tissue to facilitate the distillation and increase the yield of essential oils. The research objective was to determine the effect of pepper varieties and microwave treatment on the profiles of volatile compounds and the characteristics of white pepper essential oils. The research was conducted with 50 grams of white pepper placed into a 15 cm diameter petri dish and put in a microwave oven at the power of 600 watts for 90 seconds then white pepper milled by hammer mill. Essential oils were obtained using the water distillation method then were tested for their characteristics and compounds using Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). White pepper was analyzed using the water content, piperine content, and its cell tissue microstructure was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed that different pepper as accession produced different profiles of volatile compounds, characteristics, and antioxidant activity (p<0.05). The number of volatile compounds of white pepper essential oils identified by GC-MS was 42, where the largest compound was β-caryophyllene (50.51%). Microwave treatment damaged the cell wall of white pepper, lowered water content (17.43%), increased piperine content (10.57%) and essential oil yield (25%), and changed the profiles of volatile compounds of essential oils of Lampung daun lebar accession. Color became bluer (b*value rises by 201.99%), increased specific gravity (1.27%) and antioxidant activity (7.4%), decreased solubility in 95% ethanol (17.95%) and acid number (20.8%) while the refractive index was not affected by pepper accessions and microwave treatment.

scholarly journals Sampling a biodiversity hotspot: the orchid-bee fauna (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of Tarapoto, northeastern Peru, the richest and most diverse site of the Neotropics

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (3 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. s33-s44 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nemésio ◽  
C Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Single Site ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Orchid Bees ◽  
Orchid Bee ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
First Time

The orchid-bee fauna of the region of Tarapoto, northeastern Peru, was surveyed using seventeen different scents as baits to attract orchid-bee males. Six hundred and fifty-nine males belonging to 41 species were actively collected with insect nets during 120 hours in late July and early August, 2012. Euglossa dressleriMoure, 1968, Euglossa laurensiBembé, 2008, and Euglossa maculilabrisMoure, 1968, three species belonging to the Euglossa cybelia species-group, are here reported for Peru for the first time. Previous sporadic and unpublished samplings in the area recorded eleven additional species. With 53 species, the region of Tarapoto can be considered the richest single site in the Neotropics for orchid bees. Diversity, estimated with the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′ = 3.02), was also the highest ever recorded for orchid bees.

scholarly journals Is the “Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco” a biodiversity hotspot for orchid bees?

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (3 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S078-S092 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nemésio ◽  
JE Santos Junior
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Orchid Bees ◽  
Orchid Bee ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
First Time ◽  
Forest Preserve

The orchid-bee faunas (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) of the three largest forest remnants in the “Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco”, northeastern Brazil, namely Estação Ecológica de Murici (ESEC Murici), RPPN Frei Caneca, and a forest preserve belonging to Usina Serra Grande, in the states of Alagoas and Pernambuco, were surveyed using seventeen different scents as baits to attract orchid-bee males. Eight sites were established in the three preserves, where samplings were carried out using two protocols: insect netting and bait trapping. We collected 3,479 orchid-bee males belonging to 29 species during 160 hours in early October, 2012. Seven species were collected in the “Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco” for the first time. Richness proved to be one of the highest of the entire Atlantic Forest domain, and diversity in some sites, especially at ESEC Murici, revealed to be one of the highest in the Neotropics. Eulaema felipei Nemésio, 2010, a species previously recorded only at ESEC Murici, was found in no other preserve in the region and its conservation status is discussed.

scholarly journals Are orchid bees at risk? First comparative survey suggests declining populations of forest-dependent species

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nemésio
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽  
The Other ◽  
Orchid Bees ◽  
Orchid Bee ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Declining Populations ◽  
Comparative Survey

The two largest Atlantic Forest remnants in the state of Espírito Santo, eastern Brazil, namely ‘Reserva Biológica de Sooretama’ (REBIO Sooretama) and ‘Reserva Natural Vale’ (RNV), were surveyed for their orchid-bee faunas. Seventeen scent baits were used to attract orchid-bee males. Three-thousand, two hundred and twenty-five males belonging to 24 species were actively collected with insect nets during 100 hours in March, April and December, 2009. In comparison with a previous study in the same area twelve years before, it is evident that the abundance of all forest-dependent orchid bees analysed declined around 50%, and it was statistically significant (P = 0.022) for Euglossa marianae Nemésio, 2011, the most sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances of all Atlantic Forest orchid bees. On the other hand, the abundance of populations of species tolerant to open or disturbed areas rose. Possible explanations are discussed.

scholarly journals The orchid-bee faunas (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of 'Parque Nacional do Monte Pascoal', 'Parque Nacional do Descobrimento' and three other Atlantic Forest remnants in southern Bahia, eastern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nemésio
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
First Record ◽  
The State ◽  
Orchid Bees ◽  
Orchid Bee ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Southern Bahia

The orchid-bee faunas of ‘Parque Nacional do Monte Pascoal’, ‘Parque Nacional do Descobrimento’ and three other Atlantic Forest remnants ranging from 1 to 300 ha in southern Bahia, eastern Brazil, were surveyed. Baits with seventeen different scents were used to attract orchid-bee males. Four thousand seven hundred and sixty-four males belonging to 36 species were actively collected with insect nets during 300 hours from November, 2008 to November, 2009. Richness and diversity of orchid bees found in this study are the highest ever recorded in the Atlantic Forest domain. Eufriesea dentilabris (Mocsáry, 1897) and Eufriesea violacea (Blanchard, 1840) were collected at the ‘Parque Nacional do Monte Pascoal’, the first record of these species for the state of Bahia and the northernmost record for both species. Females Exaerete dentata (Linnaeus, 1758) were also collected at ‘Parque Nacional do Monte Pascoal’ and old records of Eufriesea aeneiventris (Mocsáry, 1896) in this area makes this site the richest and most diverse concerning its orchid-bee fauna in the entire Atlantic Forest and similar to areas in the Amazon Basin.

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