scholarly journals DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF POST OPERATIVE INFECTION IN OPEN ORTHOPAEDIC INJURIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shekh Mohammed Khan ◽  
R C Meena ◽  
Navendu Ranjan ◽  
Uday Raman
Keyword(s):  
Open Fracture ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Orthopaedic Department ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Predicting Factors ◽  
Keywords Infection ◽  
Orthopaedic Injuries

Background: In this study, we studied the pattern of bacterial isolates in all cases of open fractures of extremities that came to our hospital. Methods: This descriptive study was to be conducted on open orthopaedic injuries being admitted to the orthopaedic department, from June 2019 to June 2020 after obtaining institutional ethical committee clearance. Results: Culture analysis showed an increase in growth of Gram-negative bacteria, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26.3%) and Escherichia coli (10.5%) while Gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (52.6%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.5%). Conclusion: Unlike surgery in other orthopedic areas, the predicting factors for infection in fracture patients were found to be significantly influenced by open fracture rather than the underlying disease or anatomical features of the patient. However, only the correlation with simple open fracture has been confirmed. Therefore, further studies on the cause of open fracture and the mechanism of open fracture are necessary to determine the risk of infection. Keywords: Infection, Orthopaedics, Open surgery

scholarly journals OPEN FRACTURE WOUND MICROFLORA RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS (II REPORT)

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
V. V. Gostev ◽  
Z. S. Naumenko ◽  
I. I. Martel
Keyword(s):  
Open Fracture ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Fermenting Bacteria

The study demonstrates the analysis of resistance to antibiotics of clinically common strains of microorganisms that were isolated from open fracture wounds in the patients admitted to our clinic within the period of 2006-2008. It was found that gram-positive bacteria feature a significantly restrained growth of resistance to universally used antibiotics. The increase in numbers of MRSA and MRSE stains was revealed. Enterococci feature a linear growth of resistant stains to most studied antibiotics. Gram-negative bacteria showed an increase in resistance to cephalosporins of generation III-IV. Most strains of non-fermenting bacteria (Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter) were sensitive to amikacin and imipenem.

Rapid demonstration of septic or infectious arthritis due to Gram-negative bacteria

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 686-687
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hanker ◽  
Paul R. Gross ◽  
Beverly L. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Arthritis ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Infectious Arthritis ◽  
Bacterial Arthritis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Blood cultures are positive in approximately only 50 per cent of the patients with nongonococcal bacterial infectious arthritis and about 20 per cent of those with gonococcal arthritis. But the concept that gram-negative bacteria could be involved even in chronic arthritis is well-supported. Gram stains are more definitive in staphylococcal arthritis caused by gram-positive bacteria than in bacterial arthritis due to gram-negative bacteria. In the latter situation where gram-negative bacilli are the problem, Gram stains are helpful for 50% of the patients; they are only helpful for 25% of the patients, however, where gram-negative gonococci are the problem. In arthritis due to gram-positive Staphylococci. Gramstained smears are positive for 75% of the patients.

Antibacterial activity of magnesium oxide nanoparticles prepared by Calcination method

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaf Ayad Kadhem ◽  
Miaad Hamzah Zghair ◽  
Sarah , Hussam H. Tizkam, Shoeb Alahmad Salih Mahdi ◽  
Hussam H. Tizkam ◽  
Shoeb Alahmad
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Agar Disc

magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) were prepared by simple wet chemical method using different calcination temperatures. The prepared NPs were characterized by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). It demonstrates sharp intensive peak with the increase of crystallinty and increase of the size with varying morphologies with respect to increase of calcination temperature. Antibacterial studies were done on gram negative bacteria (E.coli) and gram positive bacteria (S.aureus) by agar disc diffusion method. The zones of inhibitions were found larger for gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria, this mean, antibacterial MgO NPs activity more active on gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria because of the structural differences. It was found that antibacterial activity of MgO NPs was found it has directly proportional with their concentration.

Synthesis, Spectral and Antimicrobial Investigation of 2-(Naphthalenel-ylamino)-2- Phenylacetonitrile and 1, 10-Phenanthroline with Five Divalent Transition Metal Ions

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al-Amery1 ◽  
Ashraf Saad Rasheed ◽  
Dina A. Najeeb
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Molar Conductance ◽  
Octahedral Geometry ◽  
Mixed Ligand ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Magnetic Studies ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Five new mixed ligand metal complexes have been synthesized by the reaction of divalent transition metal ions (Hg, Ni, Zn, Cu and Cd) with 2-(naphthalen-l-ylamino)-2-phenylacetonitrile (L1 ) and 1,10-phenanthroline (L2). The coordination likelihood of the two ligands toward metal ions has been suggested in the light of elemental analysis, UV-Vis spectra, FTIR, 1H-NMR, flam atomic absorption, molar conductance and magnetic studies. Results data suggest that the octahedral geometry for all the prepared complexes. Antibacterial examination of synthesized complexes in vitro was performed against four bacterias. Firstly, Gram-negative bacteria namely, Pseudomonas aerugin and Escherichia. Secondly, Gram-positive bacteria namely, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcuaurouss. Results data exhibit that the synthesized complexes exhibited more biological activity than tetracycline pharmaceutical.

BAKTERI PADA KARANG SCLERACTINIA DI KAWASAN PERAIRAN BUNAKEN, MOROTAI DAN RAJA AMPAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Eghbert Eghbert Elvan Eghbert Elvan Ampou ◽  
Iis Iis Triyulianti ◽  
Nuryani Widagti ◽  
Suciadi Catur Nugroho ◽  
Yuli Pancawati
Keyword(s):  
Scleractinian Coral ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Field Sampling ◽  
Bacterial Isolation ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Coral Mucus ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Research on hard coral (Scleractinian coral) contaminated with bacteria is still not much done, especially in Indonesian waters. This study took samples of coral mucus in 2010 at 3 (three) different locations, namely Bunaken (May); Morotai (September) and Raja Ampat (November), which focused on the analysis of Research on hard coral (Scleractinian coral) contaminated with bacteria is still not much done, especially in Indonesian waters. This study took samples of coral mucus in 2010 at 3 (three) different locations, namely Bunaken (May); Morotai (September) and Raja Ampat (November), which focused on the analysis of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The method used for field sampling is time swim, which is by diving at a depth of 5-10 meters for ± 30 minutes and randomly taking samples of coral mucus using siring or by taking directly on corals (reef branching). Mucus samples were analyzed by bacterial isolation in the laboratory. The result shows that there were differences between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in the three research sites and that gram-positive bacteria were higher or dominant. Further research that can identify the bacteria species and explain its relationship to the ecosystem is highly recommended.Keywords: Bacteria, Scleractinian coral, gram-positive and -negative, Bunaken, Morotai, Raja Ampat  AbstrakPenelitian tentang karang keras (Scleractinian coral) yang terkontaminasi bakteri masih belum banyak dilakukan, terutama di perairan Indonesia. Penelitian ini mengambil sampel mucus karang pada tahun 2010 di 3 (tiga) lokasi berbeda, yakni Bunaken (Mei); Morotai (September) dan Raja Ampat (November), yang difokuskan pada analisis bakteri gram postif dan gram negatif. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengambilan sampel di lapangan adalah time swim, yaitu dengan penyelaman pada kedalaman 5-10 meter selama ±30 menit dan mengambil sampel mucus karang secara acak menggunakan siring atau dengan mengambil langsung pada karang (fraksi cabang). Sampel mucus dianalisis dengan cara isolasi bakteri di laboratorium. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan antara bakteri gram positif dan gram negative di tiga lokasi survei dan bakteri gram positif lebih tinggi atau dominan. Penelitian lebih lanjut yang dapat menentukan jenis bakteri serta menjelaskan hubungannya dengan ekosistem sangat disarankan untuk dilakukan.Kata Kunci : Bakteri, Scleractinian coral, gram positif dan negatif, Bunaken, Morotai, Raja Ampat

A Review of the Characteristics, Properties and Methods for Quantification of Roxithromycin

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Vinicius Martins Rubatino ◽  
Ana Laura Araújo Santos ◽  
Rayssa Araújo dos Santos ◽  
Magali Benjamim de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Biological And Environmental Samples

: Roxithromycin is one of the most frequently used macrolide antibiotics, a safe group of antimicrobials that acts against Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative bacteria. It is sold in several countries in different dosage forms (tablets and capsules) and strengths (50, 100, 150 and 300 mg). Several analytical methods have been described to quantify roxithromycin in different matrices, such as biological and environmental samples and food. Identifying the main characteristics of the drugs and selecting appropriate analytical methods for their quantification are of paramount importance for understanding the behavior of drugs, metabolites and impurities. This review presents the physicalchemical and microbiological characteristics, properties as well as methods for quantification of roxithromycin in biological fluids, pharmaceutical preparations, food and environmental samples. HPLC coupled to various detection systems is the most used analytical technique to determine roxithromycin in these matrices. Although many analytical methods have been reported for the analysis of this drug, it is very important to include in this context a prospective view, in order to implement new analytical technologies for the quality control of this antimicrobial that contribute to the preservation of economic and environmental impacts.

scholarly journals N-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots as Fluorescent Bioimaging Agents

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 789
Author(s):  
Shih-Fu Ou ◽  
Ya-Yun Zheng ◽  
Sin-Jen Lee ◽  
Shyi-Tien Chen ◽  
Chien-Hui Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dots ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Graphene quantum dots, carbon nanomaterials with excellent fluorescence characteristics, are advantageous for use in biological systems owing to their small size, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility. We used the hydrothermal method to prepare functional N-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) from 1,3,6-trinitropyrene and analyzed their ability to fluorescently stain various bacteria. Our results showed that N-CQDs stain the cell septa and membrane of the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonellaenteritidis, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus and the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. The optimal concentration of N-CQDs was approximately 500 ppm for Gram-negative bacteria and 1000 ppm for Gram-positive bacteria, and the exposure times varied with bacteria. N-Doped carbon quantum dots have better light stability and higher photobleaching resistance than the commercially available FM4-64. When excited at two different wavelengths, N-CQDs can emit light of both red and green wavelengths, making them ideal for bioimaging. They can also specifically stain Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cell membranes. We developed an inexpensive, relatively easy, and bio-friendly method to synthesize an N-CQD composite. Additionally, they can serve as a universal bacterial membrane-staining dye, with better photobleaching resistance than commercial dyes.

scholarly journals Gram-positive bacteria cell wall-derived lipoteichoic acid induces inflammatory alveolar bone loss through prostaglandin E production in osteoblasts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Tominari ◽  
Ayumi Sanada ◽  
Ryota Ichimaru ◽  
Chiho Matsumoto ◽  
Michiko Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Alveolar Bone Loss ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

AbstractPeriodontitis is an inflammatory disease associated with severe alveolar bone loss and is dominantly induced by lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative bacteria; however, the role of Gram-positive bacteria in periodontal bone resorption remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a major cell-wall factor of Gram-positive bacteria, on the progression of inflammatory alveolar bone loss in a model of periodontitis. In coculture of mouse primary osteoblasts and bone marrow cells, LTA induced osteoclast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. LTA enhanced the production of PGE2 accompanying the upregulation of the mRNA expression of mPGES-1, COX-2 and RANKL in osteoblasts. The addition of indomethacin effectively blocked the LTA-induced osteoclast differentiation by suppressing the production of PGE2. Using ex vivo organ cultures of mouse alveolar bone, we found that LTA induced alveolar bone resorption and that this was suppressed by indomethacin. In an experimental model of periodontitis, LTA was locally injected into the mouse lower gingiva, and we clearly detected alveolar bone destruction using 3D-μCT. We herein demonstrate a new concept indicating that Gram-positive bacteria in addition to Gram-negative bacteria are associated with the progression of periodontal bone loss.

scholarly journals Poly(Vinylamine) Derived N-Doped C-Dots with Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Semiha Duygu Sutekin ◽  
Mehtap Sahiner ◽  
Selin Sagbas Suner ◽  
Sahin Demirci ◽  
Olgun Güven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Blood Compatibility ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Doped Carbon Dots ◽  
Nitrogen Doped Carbon

Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-doped C-dots) was synthesized by using poly(vinyl amine) (PVAm) as a nitrogen source and citric acid (CA) as a carbon source via the hydrothermal method. Various weight ratios of CA and PVAm (CA:PVAm) were used to synthesize N-doped C-dots. The N-doped C-dots revealed emission at 440 nm with excitation at 360 nm and were found to increase the fluorescence intensity with an increase in the amount of PVAm. The blood compatibility studies revealed no significant hemolysis for N-doped C-dots that were prepared at different ratios of CA:PVAm for up to 500 μg/mL concentration with the hemolysis ratio of 1.96% and the minimum blood clotting index of 88.9%. N-doped C-dots were found to be more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria, with the highest potency on Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). The increase in the weight ratio of PVAm in feed during C-dots preparation from 1 to 3 leads to a decrease of the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value from 6.25 to 0.75 mg/mL for B. subtilis. Antibiofilm ability of N-doped C-dots prepared by 1:3 ratio of CA:PVAm was found to reduce %biofilm inhibition and eradication- by more than half, at 0.78 mg/mL for E. coli and B. subtilis generated biofilms and almost destroyed at 25 mg/mL concentrations.

scholarly journals Pyelonephritis in Pediatric Uropathic Patients: Differences from Community-Acquired Ones and Therapeutic Protocol Considerations. A 10-Year Single-Center Retrospective Study

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 436
Author(s):  
Giovanni Parente ◽  
Tommaso Gargano ◽  
Stefania Pavia ◽  
Chiara Cordola ◽  
Marzia Vastano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Pyelonephritis (PN) represents an important cause of morbidity in the pediatric population, especially in uropathic patients. The aim of the study is to demonstrate differences between PNs of uropathic patients and PNs acquired in community in terms of uropathogens involved and antibiotic sensitivity; moreover, to identify a proper empiric therapeutic strategy. A retrospective study was conducted on antibiograms on urine cultures from PNs in vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) patients admitted to pediatric surgery department and from PNs in not VUR patients admitted to Pediatric Emergency Unit between 2010 and 2020. We recorded 58 PNs in 33 patients affected by VUR and 112 PNs in the not VUR group. The mean age of not VUR patients at the PN episode was 1.3 ± 2.6 years (range: 20 days of life–3 years), and almost all the urine cultures, 111 (99.1%), isolated Gram-negative bacteria and rarely, 1 (0.9%), Gram-positive bacteria. The Gram-negative uropathogens isolated were Escherichia coli (97%), Proteus mirabilis (2%), and Klebsiella spp. (1%). The only Gram-positive bacteria isolated was an Enterococcus faecalis. As regards the antibiograms, 96% of not VUR PNs responded to beta-lactams, 99% to aminoglycosides, and 80% to sulfonamides. For the VUR group, mean age was 3.0 years ± 3.0 years (range: 9 days of life–11 years) and mean number of episodes per patient was 2.0 ± 1.0 (range: 1–5); 83% of PNs were by Gram-negatives bacteria vs. 17% by Gram-positive: the most important Gram-negative bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (44%), Escherichia coli (27%), and Klebsiella spp. (12%), while Enterococcus spp. determined 90% of Gram-positive UTIs. Regimen ampicillin/ceftazidime (success rate: 72.0%) was compared to ampicillin/amikacin (success rate of 83.0%): no statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.09). The pathogens of PNs in uropathic patients are different from those of community-acquired PNs, and clinicians should be aware of their peculiar antibiotic susceptibility. An empiric therapy based on the association ampicillin + ceftazidime is therefore suggested.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document