A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF BACTERIOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF ORTHOPEDIC IMPLANT INFECTION IN CLOSED FRACTURES

Background: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is defined as pain associated with erythema, induration, local tenderness, pus discharge or any culturepositive or negative discharge from a surgically created wound. Methods: Hospital based Descriptive type of Observational study conducted on Patients in the department of Orthopaedics. Results: Total 5.00% patients have wound infection. Gram positive 80.00% patients have found with Staph. Aureus and Gram negative 20.00%patients have found with Pseudomonas. Conclusion: Infection in closed fractures with implants was quite high. The adverse outcome of SSIs related to a clean orthopedic surgical procedure can be associated with significant morbidity, cost, and even mortality. Keywords: Infection, SSI, Fracture

Microbial Pattern and Antibiotic Sensitivity Test Among Eye Infection Patients at Bali Mandara Eye Hospital Bali

Infection disease of the eye usually found in health care facilities and can caused by viral,bacterial, parasite and fungi. Bali Mandara Eye Hospital was special hospital for eye disease in Bali. In this hospital infection disease of the eye dominated by bacterial conjunctivitis, viral conjunctivitis, corneal ulver, and endophtalmitis. This study was a restropective descriptive study using patient who are take eye secret culture in Bali Mandara Eye Hospital and sample were take from 2019 till 2020 It can be seen that was found seven microba and dominated disease was corneal ulcer 26 sample (86%) followed by endophtalmitis 4 sample (14%). The most microba were Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pseudomonas aeruginosa found resistant in almost antibiotics and sensitive tolevofloxacin, gentamycin dan ceflazidime Keywords: infection, eye, culture, antibiotics

A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF BACTERIOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF ORTHOPEDIC IMPLANT INFECTION IN CLOSED FRACTURES

Background: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is defined as pain associated with erythema, induration, local tenderness, pus discharge or any culture positive or negative discharge from a surgically created wound. Methods: Hospital based Descriptive type of Observational study conducted on Patients in the department of Orthopaedics in teaching hospitals attached to S.M.S Medical College and hospital. Results: 6.2% patients have wound infection. Gram positive 87.5% patients have found with Staph. Aureus and Gram negative 12.5% patients have found with Pseudomonas. Conclusion: Infection in closed fractures with implants was quite high. Th e adverse outcome of SSIs related to a clean orthopedic surgical procedure can be associated with significant morbidity, cost, and even mortality. Keywords: Infection, Closed, Implants

DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF POST OPERATIVE INFECTION IN OPEN ORTHOPAEDIC INJURIES

Background: In this study, we studied the pattern of bacterial isolates in all cases of open fractures of extremities that came to our hospital. Methods: This descriptive study was to be conducted on open orthopaedic injuries being admitted to the orthopaedic department, from June 2019 to June 2020 after obtaining institutional ethical committee clearance. Results: Culture analysis showed an increase in growth of Gram-negative bacteria, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26.3%) and Escherichia coli (10.5%) while Gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (52.6%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.5%). Conclusion: Unlike surgery in other orthopedic areas, the predicting factors for infection in fracture patients were found to be significantly influenced by open fracture rather than the underlying disease or anatomical features of the patient. However, only the correlation with simple open fracture has been confirmed. Therefore, further studies on the cause of open fracture and the mechanism of open fracture are necessary to determine the risk of infection. Keywords: Infection, Orthopaedics, Open surgery

A STUDY OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTION AFTER GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common complications of abdominal surgery. The goal of this study was to evaluate the surgical site infection in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Methods: This prospective study was conducted on100 patients of all age group and both sexes undergoing gastrointestinal surgery were analysed for surgical site infection. Result: 42 (21.00%) developed SSI post operatively, 13 patients developed SSI in the period of 3–4 days postoperatively, 21 patients developed the infection in the period of 5–6 days postoperatively, and 8 developed the infection one week after the operation. Most of SSI cases (95.24%) were detected during hospital stay periods and the remaining cases were detected in the post-discharge follow-ups. Superficial SSI was the most common type of SSIs (92.86%). Conclusion: The results showed a high prevalence of SSI among patients attending the gastrointestinal tract surgical unit and it was associated with the malignant diseases, intraoperative blood loss, intra-operative hypotension, presence of surgical drains, and long operative duration. Keywords: Infection, Gastrointestinal, Surgery

A STUDY ON THE CLINICAL AND SUB-CLINICAL FEATURES OF BACTERIAL SKIN INFECTIONS

Background: Bacterial skin infections are common due to the bacteral invasion into the skin and cause a variety of clinical manifestation. In order to assess the characteristics of this group, we conducted this study to evaluate the clinical and main subclinical features. Methods: A total of 95 patients were diagnosed with bacterial skin infections at Dermatology Clinic of Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from June 2015 to May 2016, of which 34 patients had some tests and 19 patients had samples for culture. Results: The age group of 16 - 30 years old was the most popular: 50.5%; High rate of patients came for consultation in winter (49.5%), most patients had no fever. For functional symptoms, pain accounted for the highest proportion: 71.6%. The most common skin lesion was nodule: 38.8%, the lower extremities were the most common position: 38.9%. Furuncle had the highest incidence: 45.3%. For main laboratory tests, most patients had a normal number of leucocyte: 71.4%; ESR increased by two times accounting for a rate of 20.6%; culture results showed Staphylococcus aureus being a highest percentage: 57.9%. Conclusion: Most skin infections localized and were less systemic effect, the most common agent was S. aureus. Keywords: infection, bacteria, skin, fever, S. aureus

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES - A PERSPECTIVE

Infectious diseases continue to impose unpredictable burdens on global health and economies. Therefore, this has become a concern, even in terms of national security. In this sense, the objective of the present article was to review the role of wild animals as reservoirs and/or dispersers of etiological agents of human infectious diseases in order to compile data on the main wild animals and etiological agents involved in zoonotic outbreaks. The zoonotic threat of these etiological agents and the impact on public health can be enormous as shown by the ongoing epidemic of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019- nCoV) infections. Keywords: Infection, Emerging, Virus, Epedimiology, Pandemic, COVID

Contraception Reduces Breast Milk Protein Level of Breastfeeding Mothers in Jember, East Java, Indonesia

The protein level of breast milk affected the growth and development of infants. Protein has special function which is irreplaceable by other nutrients to form and protect the body cells. Protein also plays a role as antibody, functions as the body defense mechanism against various diseases and infections. Infant death in Indonesia is mostly caused by respiratory tract infections and diarrhea. Breastfeeding can help to prevent the occurrence of morbidity and mortality of infants and toddlers in which the breast milk contains many essential nutrients needed by the body, one of them is protein. The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of contraception on breast milk protein level of breastfeeding mothers in Jember regency. The design of this research was observational analytic with cross sectional approach, using statistic test of logistic regression. The result of the research showed that the effect of contraception on the protein level of breast milk obtained p-value=0.021 with Exp(B)=566.263. Based on the research, it can be concluded that there was an effect of contraception on breast milk protein level. Keywords: infection; breastmilk protein; contraception

Sosialisasi Pencegahan Penyakit Infeksi Kecacingan Di Wilayah Mataram

Helminthiasis is an infection that often attacks children and could result in decreased health, nutrition, intelligence and productivity of the patient. The purpose of this community service activity is to organize a socialization that can improve the understanding of helminthiasis dangers and how to prevent it. The socialization method that used are presentation of the material by the speakers, discussions session and brochures distribution for the audition. The socialization was held in the South Batu Ringgit area. As many as 30 residents participated in this activity. The socialization went well and has produced the expected outcomes. Pre and post assesment to evaluate resident knowledge about helminthiasis were done by written multiple choice quiz. The difference between the pre-test and post-test score was carried out using the Wilcoxon test. Wilcoxon test results showed that there were significant differences between the pre-test and post-test with p values= 0.03 Keywords: infection, helminthiasis, socialization

O impacto do vírus Zika no Brasil e no mundo

Resumo O vírus Zika, transmitido por mosquitos do gênero Aedes, foi responsável recentemente por um grande surto de infecções e condições patológicas a ele associadas. Muitos casos de microcefalia e outras complicações neurológicas foram relacionados ao vírus, tornando-o alvo de diversas pesquisas no Brasil e no mundo. As investigações científicas, relacionadas ao Zika, em muito pouco tempo, já foram capazes de melhorar o diagnóstico, promover avanços no desenvolvimento de vacinas e outras maneiras de prevenção, bem como maior entendimento sobre as patologias associadas. Neste trabalho, todos esses aspectos foram revisados e discutidos, apresentando um panorama geral sobre o Zika e seu impacto global, especialmente no Brasil. Palavras-chave: Infecção. Zika. Microcefalia. Abstract The Zika virus, transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, was recently responsible for a major outbreak of infections and pathological associated conditions. Several cases of microcephaly and other neurological impairments were related with the virus, making Zika a target of multiple research projects in Brazil and worldwide. Scientific investigations, related to Zika, have, in a short time, already been able to improve the diagnosis, promote advances in vaccine development and other ways of prevention, as well as a better understanding of the associated pathologies. In this article, these mentioned topics were reviewed and discussed presenting an overview towards Zika and its global impact, especially in Brazil. Keywords: Infection. Zika. Microcephaly.