scholarly journals Survival and quality of hospital care for victims of car crashes in Western Azerbaijan, Iran

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity Score ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Car Crashes

Background and aim: Car crashes are among the prevalent incidents seriously threatening public health. This study aimed to assess the survival and quality of hospital care for patients of car accidents in Western Azerbaijan, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,697 trauma victims admitted to Imam Khomeini hospital in Urmia, Iran, during 2016. The data, including systolic pressure, Glasgow Coma Scale, respiratory rate prior to admittance, severity of injuries based on surgery description, limbs and brain computed tomography scan, and diagnostic ultrasound by an specialist, were collected from medical records. The survival chance of patients was estimated using Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS). To evaluate the quality of hospital service, Z and W statistics were utilized. Results: Out of 1,697 admitted victims, 1,226 (72.3%) and 471 (27.7%) subjects were male and female, respectively. The patients were within the age range of 15-54 years, including 901 (75%) male and 296 (25%) female subjects. The predominant educational levels were under diploma and illiterate in male and female patients, respectively. The mean values of the Revised Trauma Score for the recovered and deceased patients were 7.75±0.38 and 6.19±1.59, respectively; however, the mean values of the Injury Severity Score for the recovered and deceased patients were 14.57±13.72 and 52.03±27.02, respectively, indicating a statistically significant difference between the two groups. The number of observed mortalities was 69; nevertheless, the expected mortalities were 60 cases. Furthermore, the quantified W and Z statistics were -9 and 0.02, respectively. Conclusions: The results showed that the observed mortality exceeded the expected morality indicating the low quality of hospital care.

Special Feature: Sports & Exercise Medicine

2014 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
K F Harvey-Kelly ◽  
N K Kanakaris ◽  
O Obakponovwe ◽  
R West ◽  
C S Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Injury Severity Score ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Associated Injuries ◽  
Sporting Activity ◽  
Euroqol 5D ◽  
The Mean

AbstractBackgroundPelvic fractures (PFX) reflect high-energy trauma with high mortality and morbidity.AimWe attempted to determine: whether there is a decrease in levels of sporting and physical activity in patients with operatively-treated PFX; risk factors for decreased sporting activity; any correlation between sporting activity and quality of life in this group.MethodsRetrospective demographics on mechanism of injury, fracture type, associated injury and injury severity score, as well as prospective documentation of the level and frequency of sporting activity, were collected from adult patients treated operatively for a PFX between 2007 and 2010, using a specifically designed questionnaire. Quality of life before and after injury was also recorded using the EuroQol-5D health-outcome tool.Results80 patients without pre-existing musculoskeletal disability were enrolled. The mean age was 44.9 years (18-65). The mean follow-up was 30.5 months (12-39). A decrease in level and frequency of sporting activity was observed. It was associated with lower-extremity associated injuries, but not with injury severity score, PFX severity, PFX type, age, or timing of follow-up. Sporting activity before injury predicted higher levels of sporting participation after injury. Decreased sporting activity after injury was associated with decreased EuroQol-5D score.ConclusionsPatients should be counselled on the likelihood of a reduction in sporting activities after surgically treated PFX. A larger multi-centre study is needed to further expand on the evidence of the true impact of PFX and its associated injuries on sporting activity.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the injury severity score and the probability of survival in patients who fell from height

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Fujii ◽  
Tsutomu Shirakawa ◽  
Mami Nakamura ◽  
Mineko Baba ◽  
Masahito Hitosugi
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Injury Severity Score ◽  
Survival Probability ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Fall Height

AbstractIn Japan, falls from height result in the second highest trauma mortality rate after traffic motor vehicle collisions and the highest trauma-related mortality rate amongst young people. We aimed to identify factors that worsen injury severity and lower survival probability of patients who fell from height and to contribute to the improvement of their prehospital and in-hospital care. This retrospective analysis retrieved hospital records of 179 patients aged ≥ 15 years who were transported to our hospital after a fall from height during April 2014–March 2020. On multiple regression analysis, fall height ≥ 5 m more significantly resulted in higher the injury severity score. Logistic regression analysis revealed that fall height ≥ 5 m with the reference of 2–3 m significantly resulted in lower the survival probability with odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.10 (0.02–0.55). Using ‘feet-first’ as the reference body position, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of survival for those who impacted the surface on the lateral or dorsal regions were 0.11 (0.02–0.64) and 0.17 (0.03–0.99), respectively. Collecting information on the abovementioned factors at pre-hospitalisation may facilitate prompt diagnosis and treatment. These results may help improve prehospital and in-hospital care, avoiding preventable trauma deaths.

Normal levels of vitamin A in tissues of the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) determined colorimetrically

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Robinson ◽  
A. M. Verrinder Gibbins ◽  
M. H. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Syrian Hamster ◽  
Cheek Pouch ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
A Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean

Vitamin A levels in tissues of 20 normal adult hamsters on a standard diet were measured colorimetrically. No significant difference between male and female animals was found for any of the tissues sampled. The mean vitamin A value for blood plasma in 20 animals was 53·4 μg/dl. Mean values for liver, kidneys, flank skin and cheek pouch were 813, 1·29, 1·84 and 1·31 mg/g wet weight, respectively. The vitamin assay was less suitable for small organs such as trachea.

scholarly journals Skor prediksi sindrom disfungsi multi-organ pada pasien multitrauma

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Rendy ◽  
Heber B. Sapan ◽  
Laurens T. B. Kalesaran ◽  
Julius H. Lolombulan
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Injury Severity Score ◽  
Sequential Organ Failure Assessment ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Failure Assessment ◽  
The Mean

Abstract: Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in patients with major trauma remains to be frequent and devastating complication during clinical course in emergency department and intensive care unit (ICU). The ability to easily and accurately identify patients at risk for MODS postinjury especially in multitrauma cases would be very valuable. This study aimed to construct an instrument for prediction of the development of MODS in adult multitrauma patients using clinical and laboratory data available in the first day at prahospital and emergency department (hospital) setting. This was a prospective study. Samples were adult multitrauma patients with Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥16, aged 16-65 years old, admitted to 4 academic Level-I trauma center from September 2014 to September 2015. Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score was used to determine MODS during hospitalization. A risk score created from the final regression model consisted of significant variables as MODS predictor. The results showed that there were 98 multitrauma patients as samples. The mean age was 35.2 years old; mostly male (85.71%); the mean of ISS was 23.6; mostly (76.53%) were caused by blunt injury mechanism. MODS was encountered in 43 patients (43.87%). The prediction risk score consists of Revised Trauma Score (RTS) (<7.25) and serum lactate level ≥2 mmol/L. This study also verified several independent risk factors for post multitrauma MODS, such as ISS >25, presence of SIRS, shock grade 2 or more, and white blood cell count >12,000/mm3. Conclusion: We derived a novel, simple, and applicable instrument to predict MODS in adult following multitrauma. The use of this scoring system may allow early identification of multitrauma patients who are at risk for MODS and result in more aggressive targeted resuscitation and better referral allocation based on regional trauma system.Keywords: MODS, multitrauma, emergency department, MODS prediction scoreAbstrak: Sindrom disfungsi multi-organ (MODS) merupakan komplikasi buruk yang sering terjadi sepanjang perjalanan klinis pasien trauma mayor di Unit Gawat Darurat (UGD) maupun di ruang perawatan intensif. Suatu nilai patokan yang dapat memprediksi MODS pascatrauma secara akurat sejak dini tentunya sangat berharga bagi tatalaksana pasien terutama pada kasus multitrauma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat suatu instrumen yang dapat memrediksi perkembangan MODS pada pasien dewasa multitrauma dengan menggunakan data klinis dan laboratorium yang tersedia pada 24 jam pertama pasca trauma pada seting fase prahospital maupun di fase hospital sejak di UGD. Jenis penelitian ini prospektif, mengumpulkan pasien multitrauma dengan Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥16, rentang usia 16-65 tahun, di 4 pusat trauma level-1 rumah sakit pendidikan selama 1 tahun (September 2014-2015). Dilakukan pencatatan data klinis dan laboratorium sesuai perkembangan pasien. Skor sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) digunakan untuk menentukan adanya MODS selama perawatan. Skor prediksi dibuat dengan membangun model regresi logistik yang signifikan untuk memrediksi terjadinya MODS pasca multitrauma. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 98 sampel multitrauma yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dengan rerata usia 35,2 tahun, sebagian besar laki-laki (85,71%) dengan rerata ISS 23,6, dan disebabkan oleh trauma tumpul (76,53%). MODS terjadi pada 43 pasien (43,87%). Skor prediksi terdiri dari RTS dengan (cut off point 7,25) dan kadar laktat serum (cut off point 3,44 mmol/mL). Penelitian ini juga memverifikasi beberapa faktor risiko individual terjadinya MODS pasca multitrauma yaitu ISS>25, adanya SIRS, syok derajat 2 atau lebih, dan leukositosis >12.000. Simpulan: Kami melaporkan instrumen baru yang praktis untuk memrediksi MODS pada pasien multitrauma dewasa. Skor ini memungkinkan identifikasi dini pasien trauma yang berisiko akan mengalami MODS sehingga dapat menjadi tanda alarm dilakukannya resusitasi yang lebih agresif dan tepat serta alokasi rujukan pasien yang lebih efisien berdasarkan sistem trauma regional.Kata kunci: MODS, multitrauma, UGD, skor prediksi MODS

scholarly journals Genetic homozygosity as a marker of smoking dependency

Genetika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1009-1019
Author(s):  
Slavko Brankovic ◽  
Dejan Nikolic ◽  
Dragoslav Marinkovic ◽  
Suzana Cvjeticanin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

The aim of our study was to evaluate the morphogenetic variability as a marker of smoking dependency in adult smokers versus controls and to investigate the presence and the degree of morphogenetic variability difference between male and female smokers versus same gender controls. The cross-sectional study evaluated 241 smokers and 185 nonsmoker individuals as controls. We analyzed 17 homozygous recessive characteristics (HRC). There was a significant difference in the individual variations of 17 HRCs between the controls and smokers (??2=61.400, p<0.001; for females ??2=79.440, p<0.001; for males ??2=84.972, p<0.001). The mean values of HRCs significantly differed between smokers and controls (MV?SEM(Controls) -4.79?0.13, MV?SEM(Smokers) -5.70?0.12; p<0.001). For males, presence of 6/17 (35.29% genetic homozygosity) HRCs (OR=6.12) was to the certain degree predictor for smoking dependency. Higher degree of genetic homozygosity, changed variability and male gender, might be some among potential numerous factors that could have impact on smoking development and dependence.

scholarly journals Comparison of sexual function and quality of life after pelvic trauma with and without Angioembolization

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeem Goussous ◽  
Mark D. Sawyer ◽  
Lisa-Ann Wuersmer ◽  
Marianne Huebner ◽  
Molly L. Osborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Injury Severity Score ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Pelvic Fractures ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
National Norms

Abstract Background The aim is to study the safety of Angioembolization on long-term sexual function and quality of life. Methods IRB approval was gained to review the prospectively collected trauma database as well as prospective questionnaires of patients at least 1 year out from pelvic fractures that occurred between 1996 and 2009. Surveys included the SF36v2, Female Sexual Function Index and the International Index of Erectile Function. Values for each domain were compared between patients treated with AE and 2:1 case-matched control patients as well as between the national norms. Values are presented as percentages or means with 95 % CI. P &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Thirty Seven cases and 74 matched controls were identified. 42 patients completed the survey. There were 13 cases (12 males), and 29 controls (22 males). There was a higher ISS (Injury Severity Score) (32 vs 27; p = 0.048) in the cases, but no difference in pelvic AIS (Abbreviated Injury Severity Score) (3 vs 3). Both groups scored similarly in the SF36 in all domains, but the entire cohort scored lower than the national norms in the physical functioning (41.9 (37.8–46.0) vs50), role physical (40.9 (36.2–45.7) vs50), body pain 43.8 (40.7–46.9) vs50), role emotional 46.3 (42.8–49.8) vs50), and physical composite score (42.1 (38.0–46.3) vs50). All domains of the sexual function in both questionnaires showed significant impairment in our cohort compared with norms. Male cases had similar scores to the controls. Conclusion Pelvic fractures portend a worse long-term QOL and sexual function than the general population. AE, however, does not have an additive affect to these indices.

scholarly journals Effect of preservation time on the quality of frozen semen in indigenous rams

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
BBA Mahmuda ◽  
Azizun Nesa ◽  
BF Zohara ◽  
MGS Alam ◽  
FY Bari
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fresh Semen

The study was carried out to observe the effects of preservation time on the quality of frozen semen of indigenous rams. Semen was collected using AV once a week from 4 rams. Tris based with 10% egg yolk and 7% glycerol extender was used to extend and freezing the semen. Fresh semen was evaluated for volume, density, mass motility and concentration, and mean values were observed as 0.8±0.2ml, 3.0±0.3, 3.2±0.7, 3.9±0.7×109/ml, respectively. Significant difference (p<0.05) was found for all the parameters among the rams. Mean values of motility, viability and normal morphology percentages were 83.3±4.3%, 88.2±4.4%, 84.2±3.5% in fresh semen while those of chilled semen at 40C were 74.7±2.3, 78.8±4.9 and 79.2±2.9%, respectively. For all the parameters, significant (p<0.05) difference was found among the rams. Frozen sperm motility was observed after thawing at 39-400C for 14-15 seconds. The mean motility, viability and normal morphology percentages after freezing for 24hrs, 7, 15 and 30 days of duration were 39.8±3.1, 41.1±4.3, 40.1±4.1 and 39.4±2.9%; 44.5±2.5, 45.3±2.8, 44.6±2.8 and 43.9±2.8%; 71.0±2.0, 71.7±1.5, 70.7±1.7 and 70.3±1.8%, respectively and values did not decrease significantly (p>0.05) with the increasing time of preservation. Non significantly decrease of the semen quality with advance of preservation time indicates the suitability of the protocol used for freezing of indigenous ram semen in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v44i1.23113            Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 44 (1): 10-15

scholarly journals Assessment of Tear Film Quality among Smokers Using Tear Ferning Patterns

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali M. Masmali ◽  
Adil Al-Shehri ◽  
Saud A. Alanazi ◽  
Ali Abusharaha ◽  
Raied Fagehi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Purpose. To investigate the effect of cigarette smoking on the ocular tear film. Methods. Thirty healthy young male cigarette smokers (20–38 years old) and 30 healthy age matched nonsmokers were enrolled in the study. McMonnies questionnaire, slit lamp, and PRT test were used to screen the subjects. Tear samples were collected from the right eyes and tear ferning patterns were observed and graded. Results. The mean MacMonnies scores and TF grades were significantly higher in the smoker subjects (mean ± SD = 9.83±5.22 and 0.96±0.54, resp.) compared to nonsmokers (mean ± SD = 5.96±3.06 and 0.41±0.38, resp.). The mean values obtained from PRT and TBUT tests were 22.23±6.35 mm and 12.17±3.81 s for smokers and 22.16±5.63 mm and 14.13±2.62 s for nonsmokers, respectively. Strong correlations were found between MacMonnies scores and both PRT (r=0.596) and TF (r=0.516). There was statistically significant difference in TF grades (p=0.00), TBUT (p=0.036) and McMonnies (p=0.02) between smokers and nonsmokers. Conclusion. Cigarette smoking could have a significant effect on the tear film quality of the eye.

STUDIES ON PITUITARY GONADOTROPHINS IN HUMAN PLASMA

1966 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin ◽  
Group A ◽  
Reference Preparation ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Gonadotrophic activity was estimated in individual plasma samples of 46 male and female subjects of all ages. The plasma was extracted by means of an ammonium acetate-ethanol procedure and tested biologically by the mouse uterine weight assay. The values in postmenopausal plasma ranged from 10 to 46 milligram-equivalents of the 2nd International Reference Preparation for Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin per litre. Plasma of men and women in the reproductive years contained 0.6–3.0 and 0.5–2.4 milligram-equivalents of the 2nd IRP per litre. The results in female plasma were assembled according to the day of the menstrual cycle. Though there was no significant difference in the mean values between group A (days 1–9), B (days 10–19) and C (days 20–30), the highest value was observed on the 13th day of the cycle of a 37 years old woman.

Curiosity or underdiagnosed? Thoracolumbar spinal column injuries with concomitant trauma of the pancreas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Hax ◽  
Sascha Halvachizadeh ◽  
Kai Oliver Jensen ◽  
Till Berk ◽  
Henrik Teuber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Injury Severity Score ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Thoracolumbar Spine ◽  
Pancreatic Injury ◽  
Spinal Injuries ◽  
Spine Injury ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: The pancreas is an organ which is at risk of damage as a consequence of thoracolumbar spine injury. However, to our knowledge, no studies have provided any prevalence data to support this assumption. Therefore, the coincidence of pancreatic trauma in patients with spine injury is still unknown. Data from the TraumaRegister DGU® (TR-DGU) was analysed to estimate the prevalence of this correlation and to determine its influence on clinical outcome.Methods: A retrospective investigation of cases documented in the TR-DGU between 2008 and 2017 was performed. We included data of patients admitted to participating European trauma centres who had thoracic or lumbar spine injuries and met the following criteria: i) Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 9, ii) blunt trauma, and iii) no early transfer out of hospital. We investigated the coincidence of pancreas injury in patients with at least an Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) of 2 of the thoracic or lumbar spine. Therefore, we included all kind of relevant injuries of the thoracolumbar spine.Results: In the group with thoracolumbar injury with concomitant pancreatic injury, the mean age was 43.1 ± 18.6 years, and 68% of these patients were male. The most frequent mechanisms of trauma were car (38%) and motorbike (17%) accidents, as well as high falls (23.8%). The mean Injury Severity Score was 35.7 ± 16.0 points and the in-hospital mortality rate was 17.5%. The overall prevalence of pancreatic injury was 60.7 (0.61%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.58–0.65) per 10,000 patients. Patients with severe spinal injuries (AIS ≥ 2) were more likely to present with a concomitant pancreatic injury compared to patients with no or only minor spinal injury (AIS 0–1) (Odds ratio (OR) 1.78; 95%CI, 1.57–2.01).Conclusions: Concomitant pancreatic injury in patients with spinal injuries of the thoracolumbar spine is rare. However, patients with more severe spinal injuries were overall more likely (OR 1.78) to present with an accompanying pancreatic injury than those with minor thoracolumbar injuries. Therefore, trauma surgeons treating severely injured patients must be alert not to overlook this rare concomitant injury, because it does not clearly correlate with the severity of spinal injury.

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