The Effects of Quetiapine on Craving and Withdrawal Symptoms in Methamphetamine Abuse: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Background: Patients with Methamphetamine Abuse (MA) are susceptible to many complications like craving, and withdrawal symptoms. These trials were designed to evaluate the effect of quetiapine administration on craving and withdrawal symptoms in MA abuse. Methods: This trial was conducted on 60 people with MA abuse to receive either 100 mg quetiapine (n=30), or placebo (n=30) every day for 2 months. The Desire for Drug Questionnaire (DDQ) and Amphetamine Withdrawal Questionnaire (AWQ) scores were evaluated at baseline and after 2 months’ intervention. For data analysis, t test, and the Chi-square test were applied in SPSS v. 18. Results: Quetiapine significantly decreased DDQ (P=0.002) and AWQ symptoms (P=0.001) compared to the placebo. Furthermore, there was a significant difference among groups in terms of the frequency of negative urine tests (P<0.001). Conclusion: This trial showed that administration of quetiapine supplements for 2 months in individuals with MA abuse had beneficial effects on craving and withdrawal syndrome.

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Randomized, double-blind, three-arm, parallel-group study to compare the efficacy and safety of a single dose of 100 and 200 mg of mifepristone for cervical ripening in term pregnancies

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20210288 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 428

Author(s):

Leonardo J. Orozco ◽

Silvia Guerrero ◽

Mixel J. Rosales ◽

Jose S. Ramos

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Uterine Fibroids ◽

Cervical Length ◽

Mean Value ◽

Cervical Ripening ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Chi Square ◽

Double Blind ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test

Background: Mifepristone is an antiprogestin developed to antagonize the action of progesterone by inhibiting its receptors. It has had a recognized role in the medical termination of early pregnancy, reduction in the volume of uterine fibroids and endometriosis symptoms. A new indication for labor induction and cervical ripening in has been proposed. The objective was to compare the efficacy and safety of mifepristone 100 and 200 mg with placebo for cervical ripening in term pregnancies.Methods: Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 90 term pregnancy women randomly assigned to receive orally tablet of 100 mg and 200 mg mifepristone or placebo. Efficacy was assessed by measuring changes in cervical ripening according to Bishop 72 hours after treatment. Statistical analysis was using the t-student test and the chi-square test. The relative risk (RR) was determined with a 95% confidence interval.Results: The bishop score and the number of contractions at 48 hours in the group of 200mg of mifepristone presented a significantly higher mean value in relation to the placebo (p=0.04). At 72 hours, cervical length showed a significant difference (p<0.01) in both mifepristone groups compared to the placebo group. Also, at 72 hours a significant increase in the mean duration of contractions was demonstrated in the 100 mg mifepristone group.Conclusions: There was a significant increase in Bishop's score for the 200 mg mifepristone group probably due to a significant increase in contractions at 24 hours. No differences were observed between groups in adverse events.

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A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of perioperative prophylactic antibiotics for elective neurosurgery

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1988.69.5.0687 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 69 (5) ◽

pp. 687-691 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Ross Bullock ◽

James R. van Dellen ◽

William Ketelbey ◽

S. Gustav Reinach

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽

Risk Of Infection ◽

Broad Spectrum Antibiotic ◽

Wound Sepsis ◽

Double Blind ◽

Content Type ◽

Exact Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

To Receive

✓ In this study, 417 patients undergoing “clean” elective neurosurgical operative procedures were randomized to receive a broad-spectrum antibiotic (piperacillin) or placebo given as three perioperative doses, each 6 hours apart. Randomization was carried out by hospital pharmacists, and the investigators remained blinded until the end of the study. Twenty cases were excluded from analysis because either an unforeseen second operation was performed or antibiotic therapy was initiated within 30 days after surgery to treat infection or the risk of infection. Twelve of the 205 patients treated with placebo developed postoperative wound sepsis, and four of the 192 piperacillin-treated patients developed wound sepsis — a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05, Fisher's exact test). Piperacillin thus appeared to reduce the incidence of neurosurgical wound infection in this study.

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A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study of low dose mirtazapine once daily in patients of major depressive disorders on escitalopram

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20191602 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 1067

Author(s):

Mallikarjuna Rao I. ◽

Usha Kiran Prayaga ◽

Dharma Rao Uppada ◽

Ramachandra Rao E. ◽

B. L. Kudagi

Keyword(s):

Depressive Disorders ◽

Low Dose ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Controlled Study ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Double Blind ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test

Background: The SSRIs being used as 1st line therapy in treatment of depression have delayed therapeutic effect which makes the patient vulnerable to an increased risk of suicide and decreased adherence to the treatment and will prematurely discontinue the therapy. The present study was conducted to evaluate if low dose mirtazapine-escitalopram combination therapy has any add on benefit over monotherapy with escitalopram.Methods: In a single-centered, comparative study involving patients with depression attending the out-patient after screening and exclusion, 60 eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive tablet mirtazapine 7.5 mg plus tablet escitalopram 10 mg intervention or tablet escitalopram 10 mg plus placebo intervention in a double-blind 6-week treatment phase. The primary outcome measure was the change in the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score from baseline. Participants were evaluated at baseline, 1st, 2nd,4th and 6th week. Results were analyzed using Chi-Square test for adverse effects and independent t-test analysis for efficacy parameter.Results: In the analysis of results at 6th week the numbers of patients achieved remission in mirtazapine group are more with a p-value of 0.018 which is significant and the numbers of responders in mirtazapine group are also more which is statistically significant on chi-square test. There is no significant difference was observed between the two groups with reference to occurrence of adverse effect.Conclusions: Adding low dose mirtazapine has an added benefit in terms of efficacy and getting remission early with more number of responders in the treatment of major depression.

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Randomized controlled trial of erdosteine for acute cough in children with colds

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi51.2.2011.111-5 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 111

Author(s):

Yenny Yenny ◽

Roni Naning ◽

Amalia Setyati

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Clinical Improvement ◽

Common Cold ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Acute Cough ◽

Chi Square ◽

Double Blind ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Significant Difference

Background T h e prevalence of the common cold in children is high, v.ith 30% of cases exhibiting an acute cough, the most common complaint by parents. Erdosteine, a recently developed cough medicine, is available for children. Erdosteine has been reported to increase mucodliary clearance, act as an antioxidant and prevent bacterial adhesion.Objective To assess the clinical improvement in acute cough in children \\lith a common cold taking erdosteine vs. a placebo.Methods We conducted a double􀀾blind, randomized, controlled trial at the Public Health Center of Gedongtengen, Yogyakarta with 140 children selected by a consecutive sampling method. Research subjects were randomized by computer program into two treatment groups, those receiving erdosteine therapy and those receiving a placebo. Both groups were monitored for 6 days. A scoring system was used to assess the improvement of acute cough symptoms and analyzed by Chi-square test.Results No significant differences in basic characteristics, cough severity, or environment were found among the 140 children with common cold in the two groups. After 6 days of treatment, no significant difference in clinical improvement of acute cough was found between the erdosteine (65 subjects improved out of 70) and placebo groups (62/70),92.5% and 88.6%, respectively (P=0.382).Conclusion Erdosteine was not more effective than the placebo for treatment of acute cough in children with common cold.

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A Controlled Trial of Dothiepin and Placebo in Treating Benzodiazepine Withdrawal Symptoms

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.168.4.457 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 168 (4) ◽

pp. 457-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Peter Tyrer ◽

Brian Ferguson ◽

Cosmo Hallström ◽

Marian Michie ◽

Stephen Tyrer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tricyclic Antidepressants ◽

Drug Withdrawal ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Withdrawal Symptoms ◽

Antidepressant Effect ◽

Double Blind ◽

Benzodiazepine Dependence ◽

Benzodiazepine Withdrawal ◽

To Receive

BackgroundThe possibility that treatment with tricyclic antidepressants, in the form of dothiepin, might attenuate benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms was investigated in a double-blind trial.MethodEighty-seven non-depressed psychiatric out-patients with putative normal dose benzodiazepine dependence had their benzodiazepines reduced in stepwise amounts of 20% of the original dose for eight weeks. The patients were randomised to receive dothiepin (with dosage increasing to 150 mg/day) or placebo as an aid to withdrawal before benzodiazepine reduction and these drugs were taken for four further weeks before being stopped.ResultsFewer patients entered and completed the study than expected and a Type II error was possible in the results. Although there was some evidence of withdrawal symptoms being less marked in those patients allocated to dothiepin this was independent of any antidepressant effect as depression scores were lower in the placebo group in the early phase of withdrawal (P<0.01). Of those completing the study, greater satisfaction (P=0.03) was recorded by those who had received dothiepin; no other differences reached statistical significance.ConclusionsDothiepin (and by implication other tricyclic antidepressants) might have some value in reducing benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms but does not aid drug withdrawal.

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Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride in arresting caries in Lagos, Nigeria

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences ◽

10.20396/bjos.v21i00.8666341 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. e226341

Author(s):

Moses Okechukwu Azouru ◽

Modupe Olufunmilayo Ashiwaju ◽

Augustine Edomwonyi ◽

Afolabi Oyapero ◽

Bola Obisesan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Control Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Mean

Treatment of dental caries in children still remains challenging due to lack of cooperation with conventional treatment modalities. Recently, the use of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) has proved useful in addressing this challenge. Aim: This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) in arresting caries in children in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: This was a phase III balanced randomized controlled school based interventional study on 240 children. The study group was treated with SDF while GIC was used in the control group. Follow up visits in 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months were carried out to assess the treatment outcome. Inferential statistics with the use of Pearson Chi-square test and Independent Student t-test were used at 5% level of significance. Results: There was significant relationship between SDF and caries arrest in 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months’ assessment period (p = 0.001). The control group showed continuous decline (71.7%, 54.3% and 50.9%) in restorative success from 2 weeks to 3 months respectively. The mean ± SD and Confidence Interval (CI) of arrested caries in the SDF group were 113± 1.24 and 113.1 – 113.5 respectively. In the control group the mean ± SD and CI of restorative success were 69.3±11.8 and 67.2 – 71.4. The effect size was 5.24. Conclusion: The result of the study showed that SDF was effective in arresting caries in children without any harm and there was statistically significant difference in the use of 38% SDF in arresting caries in children.

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The addition of omeprazole to ondansetron for treating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer patients

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi1.1.2018.42-7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Perjuangan Dapot Hamonangan Simbolon ◽

Selvi Nafianti ◽

Pertin Sianturi ◽

Bidasari Lubis ◽

Aznan Lelo

Keyword(s):

Placebo Group ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Pediatric Cancer ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Complete Response ◽

Nausea And Vomiting ◽

Chi Square ◽

Double Blind ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pediatric Cancer Patients

Background Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting are some of the most disturbing side effects in pediatric cancer patients. The standard recommendation is the use of 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonist, such as ondansetron, to treat these symptoms. Despite this treatment, more than 50% of patients still experience nausea and vomiting.Objective To evaluate the effect of the addition of omeprazole to ondansetron in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.Methods A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted at Haji Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, North Sumatera, from March to May 2016. Subjects were children aged 1 to 18 years, diagnosed with cancer, and who received intravenous chemotherapy. Patients were randomized to receive either a single dose of ondansetron (0.5 mg/kg) plus placebo or ondansetron (0.5 mg/kg) plus omeprazole (0.5 mg/kg). The severity of nausea and vomiting were measured using the Rhodes index of nausea, vomiting, and retching during the 24 hours after initiation of emetogenic chemotherapy. The primary outcome of efficacy was the proportion of patients who achieved complete response (lack of nausea/vomiting). Statistical analysis was performed by Chi-square and Fischer’s exact tests.Results Seventy eligible pediatric patients were randomized into two groups: 32 subjects in the ondansetron + placebo group and 38 others in the ondansetron + omeprazole group. The therapy failed in 50% (16/32) of the ondansetron + placebo group and 18.4% (7/38) of the ondansetron + omeprazole group. There was a significant difference in the clinical response between groups (P=0.01).Conclusion The addition of omeprazole to ondansetron for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is more effective than administration of ondansetron alone.

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A Comparative Study on the Effects of Acupressure at SP6 and ST36 Acupoints on the Pain Caused by Fistula Needle Placement in Hemodialysis Patients

Complementary Medicine Journal ◽

10.32598/cmja.10.4.975.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 354-367

Author(s):

Tahereh Baloochi Beydokhti ◽

Keyword(s):

Arteriovenous Fistula ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Control Group ◽

Needle Placement ◽

Chi Square ◽

Double Blind ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Vas Scores ◽

And Control

Objective: Hemodialysis is one of the most common treatment methods in kidney patients. To do this, repeated insertion of the needle into the vessel is necessary. Patients treated with hemodialysis are exposed to stress and pain caused by perforation of their arteriovenous fistula about 300 times a year. More than 1/5 of hemodialysis patients express this pain as unbearable. This study aims to evaluate the effect of acupressure at SP6 and ST36 acupoints on the pain caused by fistula needle placement in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study is a double-blind randomized clinical trial conducted in 2016 on 90 hemodialysis patients with arteriovenous fistula in Mashhad, Iran. They were randomly divided into three groups of SP6, ST36, and control. Data were collected after obtaining a written informed consent by a demographic form and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Data analysis was performed in SPSS v.16 software by using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Kruskal-Wallis test, one-way ANOVA, paired t-test, and Chi-square test. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between VAS scores after the intervention in all three group (P<0.001). The Mean±SD VAS scores before the intervention in SP6, ST36, control groups were 54.47±18.93, 51.5±22.83, 46.6±17.73, respectively which changed to 45.63±20.53, 40.2±20.01, and 51.87±19.05 after the intervention, indicating that acupressure at SP6 and ST36 acupoints reduced pain in patients, while the pain increased in the control group. Conclusion: Acupressure at SP6 and ST36 acupoints is an effective method in relieving pain caused by the insertion of a needle into the arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients.

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Accuracy of Paper Point Technique for Final Working Length Measurement after Canal Preparation

10.53350/pjmhs2115103359 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 3359-3362

Author(s):

Ambrin . ◽

Farah Tasleem ◽

Anum Saleem ◽

Doua Tasleem ◽

Talha Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Length Measurement ◽

Chi Square ◽

Paper Point ◽

Working Length ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Electronic Apex Locator

Objective: The aim this study was to check the accuracy of paper point technique for final working length measurement after canal preparation. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial Place and Duration: Study was performed in department of operative dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro for one year duration from January 2017 to December 2017. Methodology: This study was performed on 78 patients divided equally into two groups. In one group working length was established by using electronic apex locator while in second group working length was established by using electronic apex locator with paper point technique. To check the working length master apical gutta percha point (GP point) was inserted into canal and radiograph were taken by paralleling angle technique. Results: There were 34 (43.6%) males while 44 (56.4%) patients were females. Mean age of patients was 30.5±8.9 years. Mean tooth number was 28.8±11.0. Group A is concerned that was treated only with Electronic Apex Locator showed lesser number of acceptable length than group B. on the other hand, group B was treated with electronic apex locator and paper point technique showed higher acceptable length of respondents with a difference of 4 frequencies or 7% in excess. A less value of chi-square test showed relationship between observed and expected data; whereas, significance value indicated no significant difference between group A and B. Conclusion: Paper point technique is as reliable as other techniques for final working length measurement. Key Words: Electronic Apex Locator, Paper Point Technique, Endodontic Working Length

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Comparing the Effects of Cumin, Peppermint, and Milk of Magnesia on Gastrointestinal Complications after Caesarean Section

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v8n12p78 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 78 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maryam Tofighi Niaki ◽

Zoleykha Atarod ◽

Shabnam Omidvar ◽

Mandana Zafari ◽

Azar Aghamohammadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Caesarean Section ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Chi Square ◽

Double Blind ◽

Gastrointestinal Complications ◽

Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽

Emergency Cesarean ◽

Gastrointestinal Problems ◽

Significant Difference

CONTEXT: Gastrointestinal problems are common after Cesarean section. During the past three decades, there has been an increasing trend in the use of herbal plants in the treatment of various medical conditions.AIMS: This study aimed to compare the effects of cumin, peppermint with magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia; MOM) on gastrointestinal complications of Caesarean section.SETTINGS & DESIGN: This randomized double-blind controlled trial was conducted in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of Imam Hospital (affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran) during November 2013-August 2014. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad Medical University, Sari Branch (Iran).MATERIAL & METHODS: A total of 83 patients undergoing non-emergency Cesarean delivery in Imam Hospital were randomly selected. Patients with underlying diseases, history of gastrointestinal problems, fever, intestinal adhesion, longer-than-usual Cesarean section, and lack of cooperation were excluded. The subjects were informed about the study objectives and procedure and asked to provide written informed consent. They were then randomly assigned into three groups of cumin, peppermint, MOM. Gastrointestinal complications were assessed 20, 40, 60, and 120 minutes after drug administration.STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The collected data were analyzed using Fisher’s exact and chi-square tests in SPSS for Windows 18.0.RESULTS: There was no significant difference between three groups according to incidence of gastrointestinal side effects after Cesarean section at the mentioned intervals.CONCLUSIONS: Cumin and peppermint were as effective as MOM.

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