scholarly journals The Role of Speech-language Pathologists in the Hospitals of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
Mehwish Zikria ◽  
◽  
Nazia Mumtaz ◽  
Ghulam Saqulain ◽  
Muhammad Naveed Babur ◽  
...  

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and perception of the role of speech therapists by other medical professionals in public hospitals. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 200 healthcare professionals with >1year of job experience at the workplace of both genders and any age. Besides, the study subjects were selected using a non-probability convenience sampling approach. The study sample was recruited from 25 District and Tehsil Headquarter Hospitals from April 1, 2019, to September 30, 2019. A basic demographic datasheet and the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) survey were used for data collection. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS. Results: Out of the total 200 eligible professionals from different departments, the Mean±SD scores of the responses were highest (75.14±24.87) in pediatric medical professionals. Moreover, the lowest scores (46.70±0.01) concerned Intensive Care Unit (ICU) experts; this difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Similarly, a significantly higher Mean±SD score of 74.05±20.04 was noted for those working day shifts, compared to that of (35.01±8.52) those working in night shifts (P<0.001). Discussion: The knowledge and perception of different healthcare professionals serving in public hospitals vary regarding the role of SLPs. Such differences concern their profession, with pediatrics presenting the highest level of understanding, followed by general medicine. However, psychiatry and ENT professional provided the least understanding in this area. The professionals working in day shifts suggested better knowledge and perception, compared to night shifts staff.

Author(s):  
Daniel Pérez-Valdecantos ◽  
Alberto Caballero-García ◽  
Teodosia Del Castillo-Sanz ◽  
Hugo J. Bello ◽  
Enrique Roche ◽  
...  

Objective: The work of health professionals in hospital emergency rooms is highly demanding due to the decisions they must take. In the present study, we consider assessing stress response in emergency health workers, measuring related biomarkers such as cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and salivary α-amylase during the whole working day. Method: An analytical, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. The study was conducted in the emergency rooms of two public hospitals. Ninety-seven professionals participated, 45 corresponding to one hospital and 52 to the other. Four salivary samples were obtained according to circadian rhythms: at 8:00, 12:00, 15:00 and 00:00 h/24 h. The data were subsequently analyzed. Results: Cortisol levels decreased throughout the working day, with minimum values being at 24 h. A similar pattern was observed in DHEA. The α-amylase levels increased throughout the working day, reaching its peak at 15:00 h, and decreasing at 24 h, compared to the data from the rest of the working day. Conclusions: Since reference/baseline values are not presented, this work is focused on a stress situation experienced during one regular working day in emergency rooms with no extreme situations. In this context, stress, measured through cortisol and α-amylase, is present in emergency room doctors and nurses. However, the increase in DHEA, due to its anabolic condition, could counteract their effect, suggesting a positive effect on their professional actions.


Author(s):  
Serena Barello ◽  
Rosario Caruso ◽  
Lorenzo Palamenghi ◽  
Tiziana Nania ◽  
Federica Dellafiore ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the present cross-sectional study is to investigate the role of perceived COVID-19-related organizational demands and threats in predicting emotional exhaustion, and the role of organizational support in reducing the negative influence of perceived COVID-19 work-related stressors on burnout. Moreover, the present study aims to add to the understanding of the role of personal resources in the Job Demands-Resources model (JD-R) by examining whether personal resources—such as the professionals’ orientation towards patient engagement—may also strengthen the impact of job resources and mitigate the impact of job demands. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 532 healthcare professionals working during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. It adopted the Job-Demands-Resource Model to study the determinants of professional’s burnout. An integrative model describing how increasing job demands experienced by this specific population are related to burnout and in particular to emotional exhaustion symptoms was developed. Results The results of the logistic regression models provided strong support for the proposed model, as both Job Demands and Resources are significant predictors (OR = 2.359 and 0.563 respectively, with p < 0.001). Moreover, healthcare professionals’ orientation towards patient engagement appears as a significant moderator of this relationship, as it reduces Demands’ effect (OR = 1.188) and increases Resources’ effect (OR = 0.501). Conclusions These findings integrate previous findings on the JD-R Model and suggest the relevance of personal resources and of relational factors in affecting professionals’ experience of burnout.


2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Nazia Mustafa ◽  
Hina Iqbal

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed at investigating the role of psychosocial factors such as, gender, marital status, profession, and personal history of trauma in vicarious traumatization (VT). METHODOLOGY: Cross sectional study was conducted at various hospitals in Rawalpindi and Islamabad over the period of 6 months from January 2018 to June 2018. A sample of 170 healthcare professionals (doctors=39, psychiatrists=27, psychologists=36, nurses=30 and others=38) (men=67, women=103) was taken from various hospitals in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Data were collected by using the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale. RESULTS: Results revealed significant differences have been found among various groups of healthcare professionals (doctors, psychiatrist, psychologists, nurses and others) in whom psychiatrists are the most vulnerable group for vicarious traumatization and psychologists are the least vulnerable group. Moreover, healthcare professionals who are married and have personal history of trauma are more vulnerable for vicarious traumatization as compared to those who are unmarried and without personal history of trauma. No significant gender differences have been found among health care professionals on vicarious traumatization. CONCLUSION: The findings of present research have emphasized that vicarious traumatization must be addressed and identified in a health setting.


2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (Suppl-1) ◽  
pp. S19-22
Author(s):  
Nazia Mustafa ◽  
Tahir Sardar ◽  
Najm Us Saqib Khan ◽  
Muhammad Naveed Akhtar ◽  
Javaria Mumtaz ◽  
...  

Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the role of stress and age in managing family relations. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Public sector hospitals in Rawalpindi and Islamabad from May 2018 to June2018. Methodology: A sample of 103females healthcare professionals (Doctors=15, Psychiatrists= 14, psychologists=29, Nurses=22 and Others = 23) (Married=53, unmarried=50) with mean age of 30years (range from 20to50years) were taken from various hospitals in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Data was collected by using the Perceived Stress Scale and the Index of Family Relations. Results: Results revealed significant positive correlation between age and poor family relations whereas correlation between stress and family relations is not significant. Regression analysis showed age as predictor of poor family relations. These findings were interpreted with thesupport of literature. Conclusion: It is concluded a work- family life balance should be achieved and presence of stress or mental health problems should be screened timely in order to manage them before it’s too late.


2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wakgari Deressa ◽  
Alemayehu Worku ◽  
Workeabeba Abebe ◽  
Muluken Gizaw ◽  
Wondwossen Amogne

Abstract Background Healthcare professionals (HCPs) are at the frontline in the fight against COVID-19 and are at an increased risk of becoming infected with coronavirus. Risk of infection can be minimized by use of proper personal protective equipment (PPE). The aim of this study was to assess the availability and use of PPE, and satisfaction of HCPs with PPE in six public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1134 HCPs in June 2020. A systematic random sampling and consecutive sampling techniques were used to select the study participants. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data and Chi-square test was used to assess the association between the groups. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with satisfaction of healthcare workers. Results The mean (±SD) age of the participants was 30.26 ± 6.43 year and 52.6% were females. Nurses constituted about 40% of the overall sample, followed by physicians (22.2%), interns (10.8%), midwives (10.3%) and others (16.7%). The majority (77%) of the HCPs reported that their hospital did not have adequate PPE. A critical shortage of N95 respirators was particularly reported, it only increased from 13 to 24% before and during COVID-19, respectively. The use of N95 increased from 9 to 21% before and during COVID-19, respectively. Almost 72% of the respondents were dissatisfied with the availability and use of PPE in their hospital. The independent predictors of the respondents’ satisfaction level about PPE were healthcare workers who reported that PPE was adequately available in the hospital (adjusted OR = 7.65, 95% CI:5.09–11.51), and preparedness to provide care to COVID-19 cases (adjusted OR = 2.07, 95% CI:1.42–3.03). Conclusions A critical shortage of appropriate PPE and high level of dissatisfaction with the availability and use of PPE were identified. Therefore, urgent efforts are needed to adequately supply the healthcare facilities with appropriate PPE to alleviate the challenges.


2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 2344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Cristina De Souza Carvalho ◽  
Adriano Almeida Calado ◽  
Maria Inês Bezerra de Melo

ABSTRACTObjective: to evaluate the knowledge of healthcare professionals on the prevention of myelomeningocele in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, with regard to time, dosage, and period for using folic acid, as well as its actual impact as a preventive measure. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Cisam/UPE under the Opinion 025/07, CAAE 0020.0.250.000-07. Method: this is a cross-sectional study, carried out in the sanitary districts of Recife city, in which 90 healthcare professionals (nurses and physicians) involved with prenatal care at health units were evaluated, between January and October 2008. Results: 93% of these professionals are women. Most of them is specialized in family health, with more than five years experience in prenatal care appointments, in which folic acid is regularly prescribed. With regard to the self-evaluation on the importance of folic acid, 28% considered themselves to have a great knowledge about it and 69% considered themselves to have a reasonable knowledge about it. Conclusion: those healthcare professionals who are less experienced in prenatal care have a greater knowledge on the role of folic acid for the prevention of myelomeningocele and that there was no statistically significant association between the length of experience in prenatal care and the correct  use of folic acid during pregnancy (p > 0.05). It is worth stressing the importance of creating educative campaigns, both for the woman who intends to get pregnant and those one who is pregnant, as well as intensification of permanent education in the family health units (FHUs), since the healthcare professional, as observed in this study, remains unprepared to offer a satisfactory  prevention of myelomeningocele. Descriptors: myelomeningocele; neural tube defects; folic acid; prevention.RESUMOObjetivo: avaliar o conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde sobre a prevenção da mielomeningocele em Recife-PE, quanto à época, dosagem e período da utilização do ácido fólico e seu o real impacto como medida preventiva. Método: estudo do tipo corte transversal, realizado nos distritos sanitários da cidade do Recife, no qual foram avaliados 90 profissionais de saúde (enfermeiros e médicos) envolvidos no atendimento pré-natal das unidades de saúde, entre janeiro e outubro de 2008 após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética do Cisam n. 025/07, CAAE 0020.0.250.000-07. Resultados: 93% desses profissionais são do sexo feminino. A maioria dos profissionais é especializada em saúde da família, com experiência de mais de cinco anos em consultas de pré-natal, nas quais se prescreve o ácido fólico regularmente. No que se refere à autoavaliação sobre a importância do ácido fólico, 28% consideraram ter alto conhecimento e 69% consideraram ter razoável conhecimento. Conclusão: aqueles profissionais que estão há menos tempo no atendimento pré-natal têm um maior conhecimento do papel do ácido fólico na prevenção da mielomeningocele e que não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre o tempo de atuação na área pré-natal e o uso correto do ácido fólico na gestação (p > 0,05). Vale ressaltar a importância de se instituir campanhas educativas, tanto para a mulher que pretende engravidar quanto para a gestante, assim como a intensificação da educação permanente nas unidades de saúde da família (USFs), já que o profissional de saúde, como observado neste estudo, ainda está despreparado para oferecer uma satisfatória prevenção da mielomeningocele. Descritores: mielomeningocele; defeitos do tubo neural; ácido fólico; prevenção.RESUMENObjetivo: evaluar el conocimiento de los profesionales de la salud acerca de la prevención de la mielomeningocele en Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, en cuanto a la época, dosificación y período del uso de ácido fólico y su impacto real como medida preventiva. Método: esto es un estudio de corte transversal, realizado en los distritos sanitarios de la ciudad de Recife, que evaluó a 90 profesionales de la salud (enfermeros y médicos) que trabajan con la atención prenatal de las unidades de salud, entre enero y octubre de 2008. Resultados: 93% de eses profesionales son mujeres. La mayoría es especializada en salud de la familia, con experiencia de más de cinco años en consultas prenatales, donde el ácido fólico es prescrito con regularidad. En lo que respecta a la autoevaluación acerca de la importancia del ácido fólico, 28% consideraron tener un profundo conocimiento y 69% consideraron tener un razonable conocimiento. Conclusión: aquellos profesionales que están trabajando hay menos tiempo con la atención prenatal tienen un mejor conocimiento del papel del ácido fólico en la prevención de mielomeningocele y que no hubo asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el tiempo de trabajo en la área de prenatal y el uso correcto del ácido fólico durante el embarazo (p > 0,05). Vale resaltar la importancia de instituir campañas educativas, tanto para la mujer que pretende quedar embarazada como para la mujer embarazada, así como la intensificación de la formación continua en las unidades de salud de la familia (USFs), ya que el profesional de la salud, como se observó en este estudio, aún no está preparado para ofrecer una prevención satisfactoria de la mielomeningocele. Descriptores: mielomeningocele; defectos del tubo neural; ácido fólico; prevención. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
Raghurama Sharvegar ◽  
Chandrik Babu S R

The cause of pleural effusion is due to systemic or localized pathology and based on the etiology involved the pleural effusion is either classified into transudate and exudate supported by Light’s Criteria. Other than the marker used in Lights Criteria C reactive protein is said to be studied to determine its role in classifying exudate and transudate. The present study was done to assess the role of C reactive protein in diagnosing pleural effusion.The cross-sectional study was conducted by the Department of Chest and Respiratory Medicine at Chamarajanagara Institute of Medical Sciences from June 2019 to May 2020. A total of 120 cases of clinically confirmed cases of Pleural Effusion Cases were selected for the purpose of the study among the outpatient and inpatient in the Department of General Medicine and Respiratory Medicine Department. The Mean CRP of 1.05±1.09 was found to be cut off value for differentiating between transudate and exudate Pleural fluid. At the Cut off value of 1.05 CRP it was found to be having a sensitivity of 75.4% and 77.6% of sensitivity. From the present study we could conclude that the CRP Value of 1.05mg/dl was found to be having a good specificity and sensitivity in classifying the pleural fluid into transudate and exudate. Finally we could conclude that CRP can be used as a Biomarker to differentiate between Transudate and Exudate when Lights criteria falls in borderline.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259402
Author(s):  
Emmanuella Chinonso Osuala ◽  
Boikhutso Tlou ◽  
Elizabeth Bolanle Ojewole

Background Foods and the nutrients they contain can interact with drugs and thereby interfere with their therapeutic safety and efficacy. Adequate knowledge of healthcare professionals (HCPs) about drug-food interactions can help in preventing potential drug-food interactions among patients. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of HCPs about common drug-food interactions. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out among 459 HCPs from three public hospitals in eThekwini district, KwaZulu-Natal between November 2018, and January 2019. Informed consent was obtained from the HCPs, and a structured questionnaire was thereafter administered. Data were analysed using SPSS® version 25. Factors associated with knowledge of the HCPs were determined using logistic regression analysis. Results Of the 459 participants, 22.2% (n = 102) were doctors, 11.3% (n = 52) pharmacists, 63.8% (n = 293) nurses and 2.6% (n = 12) dietitians. Most of the HCPs were females 79.7% (n = 366), the mean age of the HCPs was 38.61±0.48. The knowledge score of the HCPs was 22.66±0.25 out of an overall score of 46. The HCPs poorly identified food types that interact with drugs and correct administration time of drugs relative to meals. Being a pharmacist (OR: 14.212, CI: 4.941–40.879, p<0.001), doctor (OR: 5.223, CI: 2.146–12.711, p<0.001), or a dietitian (OR: 5.476, CI: 1.103–27.191, p = 0.038) was associated with higher knowledge of drug-food interactions. Conclusion The HCPs in this survey had low drug-food interaction knowledge. These findings suggest the need for additional training and educational courses for the HCPs on drug-food interactions.


2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iyad Ibrahim Shaqura ◽  
Radwan Baroud ◽  
Ali Akbari Sari

PurposeThis study aimed at assessing the current interprofessional collaboration (IPC) among healthcare professionals at the public hospitals in the Gaza Strip in 2016 through measuring the average level, and also examind the influence of professionals' characteristics on their collaboration.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative, cross-sectional study using a valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire on a 5-point Likert scale was conducted. A total of 323 participants from six health professions completed the questionnaire which was analyzed using SPSS version 20 by applying descriptive tests, t-test, ANOVA and inferential analysis (Scheffe test); the statistical significance was considered at p = 0.05.FindingsThe interprofessional collaboration was moderate (71.66%). “General relationships” elicited the highest mean score (3.943) due to participants' belief in its importance, whereas “community linkages and coordination of care” was the lowest (3.181) as a result of the restricted policy in this regard. Gender, age, profession and position have shown statistically significant variables on the overall collaboration. In short, there are differences in the performance of IPC domains and even within items of the same domain.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was conducted at only public hospitals; in addition, it was a cross-sectional study, so the causation relationships are difficult to assess. Moreover, the questionnaire was on self-administered basis which might result in misread or misunderstood bias.Originality/valueThis was the first study in the Palestinian context on collaboration between multiple professions using a comprehensive and reliable assessment tool.


Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 530
Author(s):  
Rose Nabi Deborah Karimi Muthuri ◽  
Flavia Senkubuge ◽  
Charles Hongoro

Strengthening health systems in developing countries such as Kenya is required to achieve the third United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal of health for all, at all ages. However, Kenya is experiencing a “brain drain” and a critical shortage of healthcare professionals. There is a need to identify the factors that motivate healthcare workers to work in the health sector in rural and marginalized areas. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the factors associated with the level and types of motivation among healthcare professionals in public and mission hospitals in Meru county, Kenya. Data were collected from 24 public and mission hospitals using a self-administered structured questionnaire. A total of 553 healthcare professionals participated in this study; 78.48% from public hospitals and 21.52% from mission hospitals. Hospital ownership was statistically nonsignificant in healthcare professionals’ overall motivation (p > 0.05). The results showed that sociodemographic and work-environment factors explained 29.95% of the variation in overall motivation scores among participants. Findings indicate there are more similarities than disparities among healthcare professionals’ motivation factors, regardless of hospital ownership; therefore, motivation strategies should be developed and applied in both public and private not-for-profit hospitals to ensure an effective healthcare workforce and strengthen healthcare systems in Kenya.


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