scholarly journals УТОЧНЕНА МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ ПРОАКТИВНОЇ ІНТЕГРАТИВНОЇ ОЦІНКИ СТАВЛЕННЯ АВІАДИСПЕТЧЕРІВ ДО ПОРУШЕНЬ СТАНДАРТНИХ ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЙНИХ ПРОЦЕДУР

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Олексій Миколайович Рева ◽  
Сергій Павлович Борсук ◽  
Валерій Анатолійович Шульгін ◽  
Володимир Олександрович Липчанський
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Utility Function ◽  
Characteristic Point ◽  
Intersection Point ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Deterministic Equivalent ◽  
Characteristic Points ◽  
Separation Standards ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Continuum

Representing the professional activities of the «front-line» aviation operators as an unbroken chain of decisions made and implemented in explicit/implicit forms, the interaction of the components of the current paradigm of the ICAO flight safety concept is placed on “the attitude of aviation personnel to hazardous actions or conditions”, which explains the impact human factor in these decisions. The first part of the studied “attitude” is the main decision-making dominants that determine preposition, indifference, and aversion to risk of violations of standard operating procedures, in particular, aircraft separation standards. Dominants are established by constructing a finite number of points and further analyzing the utility function of the continuum of the separation rate in the process of solving a closed decision problem. A characteristic point of the estimated utility function is the deterministic equivalent of the lottery with a benefit of 0.75. The second component is the level of claims, which are determined by a point on the continuum of the separation norm, which corresponds to the maximum positive leap in the imagination of the air traffic controller in terms of its usefulness (acceptability) from the standpoint of ensuring the proper level of flight safety. The levels of claims adequately characterize self-esteem and are established by constructing a formally unlimited number of points and further analysis of the estimation function of the continuum of the separation norms in the process of solving open decision-making problems. The third component - fuzzy risk assessments, which are determined from the analysis of fuzzy models, are built in accordance with the ICAO scale of hazards on a continuum of separation standards. It has been established that a characteristic point of these models is the intersection point of membership functions belonging to the neighboring terms “significant” and “insignificant” risk. The value of this point is specified using the introduced imperative - criterion. Normalization of all characteristic points has been carried out. The multiplicative approach to obtaining an integrative (holistic) assessment of the attitude towards risk is substantiated and implemented, which contributes both to obtaining a more cautious, relatively additive approach to the results, and to prevent errors of the I-II kind.

scholarly journals Genetic and neural relationships underpinning impulsivity

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 80-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichol Wong ◽  
Tatia Lee
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Continuum

Impulsivity refers to acting without forethought. It can be detrimental to daily social functioning and interaction, and is significantly implicated in several clinical conditions, e.g. violence and addiction. Evidence for the neural underpinnings of impulsivity from both healthy and clinical populations, integrated with the findings from genetic studies on the same topic, lend important insight into a neurobehavioral model of impulsivity. In this review, disinhibition and impulsive decision-making in the impulsivity construct are covered. Recent behavioral and imaging-genetic studies on the topic will also be reviewed and discussed. Findings from neuroimaging studies, clinical studies, and genetic studies converge to provide a better understanding of individual differences on the continuum. Future research efforts should continue to focus on the association approach to identify relevant neural-behavioral correlations in order for elucidating the impact from genes through neural to behavioral phenotypes. These potential findings, when being incorporated with physiological and immunological measures, would not only hasten understanding of impulsivity, but guide interventions development for ameliorating maladaptive social/psychological functioning disorders underpinned by it.

scholarly journals CONSUMER CHOICE BEHAVIORAL ASPECTS IN CONDITIONS OF UNCERTAINTY

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (18(46)) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Anna Shumei
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Behavioral Aspects ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Continuum

We studied the category of «uncertainty» in the context of consumer choice of individual. It was determined that that the quality and quantity of information that consumers received and processed during decision-making played the most important role, affecting the degree of uncertainty. At the same time the quality of information plays a more important role than the quantity of information. We analyzed every stage of the individual decisions making process on the acquisition of goods and the role of uncertainty on each stage. We considered the decision-making process in conditions of uncertainty in everyday (routine) and special purchases, separated all stages of these types of purchases and defined values ​​of uncertainty influence on all types of purchases. It was determined that an individual can get into conditions of uncertainty in two types of purchases: everyday purchase, when the decision is used quickly, automatically and uncontrollably, and special (not everyday purchases), when the individual uses specific processes to make a decision, which requires additional attention and effort. Practical situations when the consumer can get into conditions of uncertainty were considered. We analyzed alternative variants of using the consumer choice and investigated the continuum of consumer behavior. We determined the conditions, when consumer behavior could correspond to «routine behavior», «limited problem solving» or « problem solving» in the continuum of consumer behavior. The modern six-stage model of the decision-making process сщтішіеі the quality of character for environmentally conscious consumers and the impact of uncertainty at each stage of decision-making in these models, especially at the stage of use and utilization, were analyzed. We identified that the study of the degree of uncertainty about the final result of decision-making is an unsolved problem in modern science and outlined the prospects of the behavioral aspects of consumer choice study in conditions of uncertainty.

scholarly journals ПРОАКТИВНЕ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ ДОСВІДУ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПОВІТРЯНИМ РУХОМ НА СТАВЛЕННЯ ДО РИЗИКУ

2018 ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Олексій Миколайович Рева ◽  
Сергій Павлович Борсук ◽  
Бала Мушгюль-оґли Мірзоєв ◽  
Пейман Ширин-оґли Мухтаров
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Behavior Strategies ◽  
Separation Standards

Considering the long negative influence of the human factor on flight safety, ICAO has been orienting the leadership and specialists of state aviation administrations and airlines to the proactive prevention of this phenomenon, demanding flight safety effective management "by indicators". These indicators in terms of professional activity of air traffic controllers (ATC) are defined: the relation to the risk (the main decision-makers and controversial estimates of SOP's violations), levels of claims, preferences systems, and dangerous behavior strategies, operational thinking and decision making that, in contrast to formally computational methods reflect the implementation of the methodology of psychological decision theory and cognitive psychology. The main decision-making dominants (inclination, disinclination, and indifference to risk) are revealed in the process of proactive decision by the controllers of closed decision-making tasks by constructing, with the help of special artificial lotteries and a limited number of points, the utility functions of the continuity of aircraft separation standards in the horizontal plane. For the separation standard S = 20 km, the proportion of students-controllers (n = 128 persons) of inclined (INC), indifferent (IND) and disinclined to risk (D) was detected: INC:IND: D ↔ 5: 18: 105 ↔ 3.9%: 14.1%: 82.0% ↔ 1: 3.6: 21, which indicates their desire to avoid failures in their professional activities. Therefore, the quantitative indicator of demonstrated risk aversion increases with the complication of the separation standard (reducing the distance between aircraft). For the separation level S = 10 km it is established: INC:IND: D ↔ 5: 8: 115 ↔ 3.9%: 6.3%: 89.8% ↔1: 3.6: 21. In professional controllers (n = 70 persons), for the separation standard S = 20 km, the ratio of persons with different dominance of decision-making was found: IND: INC ↔ 9: 25: 36 ↔ 12.9%: 35.7%: 51.4 % ↔1: 2.8 : 4, which indicates an overwhelming demonstration of their motivation to achieve success in the same working conditions. The motivation increases with the complexity of the separation standard: for S = 10 km it is established: D: IND: INC ↔ 4: 18: 48 ↔ 5.7%: 25.7%: 68.6% ↔ 1: 4.5: 12. It is recommended to apply the obtained results during the organization of the person-oriented training of young dispatchers aiming at developing stable skills for making rational risk decisions.

scholarly journals Mutual influence definition of high school students’ basic educational dominants and aspiration levels

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
O.M. Reva ◽  
K. А. Androsovych ◽  
S. V. Radetska ◽  
Ye. A. Burdelna
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Utility Function ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Aspiration Level ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Aspiration Levels ◽  
Characteristic Points

The appearance of synergistic effect in the humanist (by L. Zade definition) educational systems according to known Hegelian law should be accompanied by quantitative and qualitative transformations of certain indicators characterizing the human factors influence on decision making. It is proved that such indicators are basic educatio- nal dominants which determine the attitude towards risk and characterize the motivation to achieve success (risk-- taking) / failure avoidance (risk aversion) and the aspiration level, which is one of personality backbone factors and characterize the self-assessment adequacy. Basic educational dominants are found through the solution of the closed decision-making task by constructing a limited points number (five) and further analysis of the estimated utility function of the 12-point scale continuum. Characteristic points of this function are the so-called determined lottery equivalents with corresponding utility n0,25, n0,5, n0,75.The aspiration levels are found through the open decision-making problem solution by constructing on a formal- ly unlimited number of points and further utility function analysis of the 12-point scale continuum. Characteristic points of the estimation function: n– the education result, which corresponds to the negative jump of usefulness in the imagination of those, who study on the acceptability of a particular level of the scale; n0 — the education result, which corresponds to the transition from a negative to a positive perception ratings of the scale; n* is the learning outcome that corresponds to the maximum positive jump of usefulness in the perception of a certain mark on the scale, which in this case is considered as the aspiration level. The m = 208 ninth-graders set the ratio of people who are vulnerable, indifferent and risk-taking in the proportion: VUL: IND: RT  1: 2.27: 10.6.By the prioritization method it was dephased a qualitative rank estimates of 12-point scale giving them corresponding weighted coefficients of significance. Students’ aspiration levels identity regardless of attitude to risk is established, as well as greater consistency of opinions of those tested regarding the acceptability of higher scale scores. Charac- teristic points’ correlation analysis of the utility functions constructed for closed and open decision-making problems revealed a statistically probable relationship between the characteristic points: n0,25–n–, n0,5–n0, n0,75–n*.

Quota Women Are Threatening to Men

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klea Faniko ◽  
Till Burckhardt ◽  
Oriane Sarrasin ◽  
Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi ◽  
Siri Øyslebø Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Women In Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Two studies carried out among Albanian public-sector employees examined the impact of different types of affirmative action policies (AAPs) on (counter)stereotypical perceptions of women in decision-making positions. Study 1 (N = 178) revealed that participants – especially women – perceived women in decision-making positions as more masculine (i.e., agentic) than feminine (i.e., communal). Study 2 (N = 239) showed that different types of AA had different effects on the attribution of gender stereotypes to AAP beneficiaries: Women benefiting from a quota policy were perceived as being more communal than agentic, while those benefiting from weak preferential treatment were perceived as being more agentic than communal. Furthermore, we examined how the belief that AAPs threaten men’s access to decision-making positions influenced the attribution of these traits to AAP beneficiaries. The results showed that men who reported high levels of perceived threat, as compared to men who reported low levels of perceived threat, attributed more communal than agentic traits to the beneficiaries of quotas. These findings suggest that AAPs may have created a backlash against its beneficiaries by emphasizing gender-stereotypical or counterstereotypical traits. Thus, the framing of AAPs, for instance, as a matter of enhancing organizational performance, in the process of policy making and implementation, may be a crucial tool to countering potential backlash.

Instability and Collapse in Discrete Wave Equations

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-241
Author(s):  
A. Carpio ◽  
G. Duro
Keyword(s):  
Continuum Limit ◽  
Wave Equations ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Blow Up ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Initial States ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Continuum

AbstractUnstable growth phenomena in spatially discrete wave equations are studied. We characterize sets of initial states leading to instability and collapse and obtain analytical predictions for the blow-up time. The theoretical predictions are con- trasted with the numerical solutions computed by a variety of schemes. The behavior of the systems in the continuum limit and the impact of discreteness and friction are discussed.

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