AGRICULTURAL LAND IN UKRAINE AND CRYPT CURRENCY COINS: OPPORTUNITIES FOR REAL INVESTMENT

In the absence of real objects for investment, the ability of economic entities to effectively distribute existing limited financial assets and form a quality investment portfolio is a guarantee for the investor not only to ensure high return on investment, but also to reduce investment risk. The emergence of cryptocurrencies in the second decade of the XXI century and the opening of the land market in Ukraine in mid-2021 for agricultural purposes have created new opportunities for investors to form highly liquid and highly profitable investment portfolios, using investment opportunities to buy farmland and cryptocurrencies. Together with the potentially high profitability of the investment portfolio formed from cryptocurrencies and agricultural land, there is no risk of complete depreciation of own savings in the future. The main purpose and task of the article is to study the theoretical and practical aspects of the current state and prospects of Ukrainian citizens' investment in agricultural land in Ukraine and cryptocurrency. In the process of research,, the following methods were used: analysis – to study the object and subject of research; abstract-logical (theoretical generalizations and formulation of conclusions on the formation of the investment portfolio of cryptocurrencies and agricultural land). Agricultural land has been found to be a valuable limited resource that currently has a potentially low price, but will continue to rise in price and generate stable income and will never depreciate. Although investing in cryptocurrencies is associated with significant risks, cryptocurrency coins have the potential to significantly increase their value and limits of use, so investing in coins can bring significant returns in the long run. It is proposed for economic entities in Ukraine to form an investment portfolio for medium and long-term investment and periodic passive income, which will include Ukrainian agricultural lands and cryptocurrency coins. The formation of an investment portfolio of agricultural land in Ukraine and cryptocurrencies, in our opinion, is effective and appropriate, however, requires further research because agricultural land and cryptocurrencies as objects of investment in Ukraine are relatively new.

THE ESSENCE OF THE POTENTIAL OF OVERCOMING THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS CONSEQUENCES

The technical structure of society and the existing concept of capitalist economic development cannot meet the current challenges of the XXI century, so it is important to consider the anti-crisis potential of countries, taking into account the conditions of its formation and use. Radical changes in the conditions of formation and attraction of anti-crisis potential require clarification of its essence taking into account the adaptability of public administration, technical capabilities of social production, as well as the human ability to make complex decisions on more efficient combination of resources in uncertainty. In terms of the 6th and 7th technological system, the "potential of regional development" is proposed to be defined as the ability of societies of certain territories to create metacognitive technologies to increase resource efficiency and the ability of societies to quickly integrate into the digital world. The development potential provides the system's ability to adapt to crisis phenomena and maintain the trend of economic growth. The anti-crisis potential (as additional), is involved in the impact of crisis phenomena and helps to overcome the negative impact that has led to a sharp decline in economic growth. A characteristic feature of the "crisis potential" concept is the ability to attract additional resources during the crisis, with the decisive role played by the level of adaptability of public administration, technical capabilities of social production, as well as the ability of labor to make complex decisions in uncertainty. Anti-crisis potential is an opportunity that in the process of anti-crisis management is transformed into an effective mechanism for counteracting crisis phenomena. In countries with strong economies (USA, Austria, Germany, France, Spain) there is a significant drop in GDP per capita during the global financial crisis of 2020, which was triggered by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. At the same time, there are countries (Israel, China), whose economic condition not only has not deteriorated, but undergone even further sustainable development. This trend is due to the fact that for some systems the crisis is not only a threat, but also provides opportunities for the formation of new combinations of resources, which leads to a significant economic effect and further development. If we conduct research the trends of countries' response to global crises and exit from crises, we can see different trajectories. It has been proven that some countries in the world are strengthening their economies after economic crises, so the term "economic potential of the global crisis" has been proposed. The economic potential of the crisis is the possibility for strong economic growth in the region, the ability of the national economy to achieve a strategic goal by using changes in the international market, changing the positions on the international arena.

TRENDS AND PROSPECTS OF INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT OF ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICY

The article considers the preconditions of anti-corruption reform, the essence, economic results and the current situation. Recommendations are also given that should be followed to improve the situation. Prior to the start of the implementation of the anti-corruption reform, there was corruption, which in fact was not prosecuted in any way due to the fact that the judicial system of Ukraine itself was corrupt. The anti-corruption reform established several independent institutions to investigate and convict corruption offenses, including the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, the Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office, the Supreme Anti-Corruption Court, and the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption. These institutions have been called upon to be new independent bodies that receive appeals of corruption violations, investigate cases, and pass sentences. Also, these bodies form and coordinate anti-corruption policy in Ukraine, organize work to prevent and detect corruption in local governments, enterprises, institutions and organizations. Since these institutions were just starting to work, the first few years the economic results were insignificant, but gradually the amount of compensation and terminated illegal contracts became solid. Despite the economic results of the anti-corruption reform, there is a significant outflow of foreign investment for the first time in five years. The main reason for this is distrust of the judiciary and the prevalence of corruption. Despite the economic benefits of fighting corruption, corruption is in fact covered by top government officials, rather than any support from anti-corruption institutions. The article gives some recommendations on how to act in this situation. In particular, it is called upon to support and strengthen Ukraine's anti-corruption infrastructure; pass real sentences on real corrupt officials so that society and investors are convinced that the government is resolutely fighting corruption; punish top corrupt officials, regardless of position, to stop corruption at the highest level, where it is just reaching its peak.

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS ON THE EXAMPLE OF GERMANY

The purpose of the article is to study the experience of reflecting accounting processes in the documents of companies of the Federal Republic of Germany (Germany), which is a basic element in building a harmonized accounting system with EU countries. To achieve the above goal, the authors set a task to compare the characteristics of accounting in Germany and Ukraine, to determine the features of development and construction of a modern accounting system in Germany, to formulate practical recommendations for improving accounting processes in Ukraine. The object of research is the process of accounting in Germany and Ukraine. The subject of the study are the principles and methods of accounting in these countries. As Germany stands out among the EU countries with a clear formalized approach to the application of statutory accounting and reporting standards, the experience of reflecting accounting processes in the documents of enterprises and companies of this country is important for building a harmonized accounting system in Ukraine. The German accounting system uses the principle of obligation, the essence of which is as follows: the direct basis for calculating tax payments are accounting accounts. In the organization of accounting in Germany automated form of its maintenance such as specialized accounting programs are mainly used. One such program is the SAP program. Given that the principles and methods of accounting used in Germany and Ukraine are almost the same, except for the principle of obligation used in Germany, it is recommended to implement SAP as an automated accounting system everywhere in large and medium-sized enterprises in Ukraine.

A MANAGER AS A BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORGANIZATION IN A TURBULENT ENVIRONMENT – THEORETICAL STUDY

The most important resource is the human resource, which is the basis of the organization's existence. As part of the human resource, from the point of view of the management process, a manager is distinguished, who is the person responsible for making decisions in the organization. The manager, together with his subordinates, develops the organization in the prescribed direction. The environment, manager and subordinates constitute an inseparable system of shaping the flexibility of an organization in a turbulent environment. The aim of the study is to present the manager's influence on the development of the organization in a turbulent environment. The study was based on a study of the literature on the subject and is theoretical in nature. This study may be useful not only for scientific considerations but also for the world of economic practice.

DETERMINATION OF DIRECTIONS FOR THE MODERN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES ACTIVITY IMPROVEMENT

The article identifies areas for improving the activities of modern enterprises in Ukraine. It was found that any industrial enterprise operates in conditions of limited resources, so in market conditions it always faces the acute problem of selecting the most effective combination of different resources, as well as the ability to replace a specific amount of any resource with the required number of any other resources in certain conditions. Changing the efficiency of different resources can be contradictory: so increasing the efficiency of living labor is provided by structural changes, which are accompanied by an increase in the share of fixed capital and in some cases sustainability, or even a decrease in its return, especially in the short term. From this point of view, general changes in efficiency, operating in different directions, can be part of the strategic policy of the enterprise, which takes into account the rotation of resources. It should also be borne in mind that changes in efficiency can be aimed at optimizing the structure of the resources sets. It is determined that the effectiveness of management is based on such internal characteristics of the enterprise as coordination of activities, systems of development, implementation and control of management decisions and, of course, their relationship with the market and institutional costs. Criteria of management efficiency cannot be studied without taking into account the technology by which the company is formed and developed within the external environment. There is a need to find a way to change this environment. Factors of change can be formed not only in the enterprise, but also outside it. This affects not only the relationship between different enterprises, but also between the enterprise and the state. It is concluded that the improvement of management is the most important factor in the modern development of economy, which allows to develop the activities of the enterprise, to increase its competitiveness. In improving the management of the enterprise, understanding its necessity, reflects the nature and features of the professional consciousness of the manager specifically the structure of knowledge, value system, research potential, practical experience, forward thinking. All these signs are in connection, combination and interaction. This characterizes the art of management, its scientific quality and efficiency.

MODERN TOOLS OF IT COMPANIES' PROJECT ACTIVITY MANAGEMENT

The article focuses on the importance of project management in the IT companies’ activity, which is determined by the specifics of enterprises offering digital products and business models, as well as the peculiarities of relationships between enterprises as participants of distribution channels. The study describes the main types of IT companies, in particular, identifies the advantages and disadvantages of each type of companies. Significant differences in the activities of product and outsourcing IT companies have been identified, the main conditions for successful positioning of product IT companies have been outlined, which are: participants in project activities, phases of the digital product life cycle and the chosen business model. The specifics of the enterprises' activity – manufacturers of products and the involvement of product IT companies in this activity have been determined to be promising from the point of view of income maximizing for the participants of vertical sales channels. The example of GMDH Streamline describes the activities of a product IT company that offers effective IT solutions, in particular for forecasting supply and demand, as well as inventory planning. The article describes the proposed GMDH Streamline software solution, namely the improvement of the ERP system, and the Agile approach used in the project management process. The proposed study can be a source of information for further research on the search for mechanisms to maximize the income of enterprises – manufacturers using modern software solutions to optimize stocks, as well as forecasting the demand and supply. Theoretical provisions highlighted in the article on the possibilities of building effective sales chains in terms of planning the costs of operating activities, in particular for manufacturers can have significant practical value for company management.

FORMATION OF LOCAL BUDGET REVENUES IN THE CONTEXT OF BUDGETARY AND FISCAL REFORMS IN UKRAINE

The article investigates the problem of local budget revenues formation in the context of fiscal reforms in Ukraine. The authors provide definitions of such concepts as "local budget", "budget revenues", "own and fixed revenues of local budgets". The composition of local budget revenues is determined and the peculiarities of their change due to budgetary and tax changes during 2001-2020 are considered. Relevant in this paper is the separation of these changes in a table, which is related to the new versions of the Budget Code, as well as the division of revenues into own and fixed. The impact of budget and tax reforms on filling the revenue side of local budgets, especially revenues from local taxes and fees, is described. The significance of the decentralization process for local budgets in terms of stages of its implementation has been studied. The importance of the personal income tax as the main budget-forming tax in the fixed revenues of local budgets and the change in the norms of its deduction to different levels of local budgets in the process of budget and tax reforms are highlighted. The importance of associations of territorial communities in order to increase their financial independence is described. Emphasis is placed on the importance of adopting a number of bills on the procedure for paying personal income tax, which contribute to the fair distribution of this tax between different territorial communities. The research is to determine the dependence of changes in local budget revenues on changes in budget and tax legislation of Ukraine.

MODELING AND FORECASTING DEMAND FOR A DIGITAL PRODUCT

Different approaches to modeling and forecasting the demand for a digital product, namely the paid activities of Facebook, are explored in the article. The company is given to reject its arrivals in the main form of advertisements. The available range of data on the company's activities allowed to build forecast models based on adaptive short-term forecasting methods, namely the Brown method and the adaptive multiplicative Holt-Winters model taking into account the quarterly seasonal factor. These models have the ability to continuously take into account the evolution of the dynamic characteristics of the studied processes, to adapt to these dynamics, giving weight and high information value to the available observations, if they are close to the current time. The models were tested for adequacy using a number of criteria, including the RS-test, the series criterion based on the median of the sample, the Student's t-test and the Darbin-Watson test. The comparative analysis of the obtained results by models allowed to choose a model that gives a fairly accurate result. The analysis also showed that there is a quarterly seasonality and, accordingly, a significant decline at the beginning of the year and income growth in recent quarters. The forecast for the 4th quarter of the next period is built. The forecast is compared with real data and the prospects for the development of digital products in Ukraine are determined, in particular, the spread of the use of digital services and products in many areas.

ESSENCE, FEATURES AND CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF FINANCIAL SERVICES PROVISION

The article analyses the main scientific approaches to defining financial services essence and reveals the lack of a unified approach among scientists. It is determined that researchers mainly characterize the essence of financial services as the result of economic interaction among providers and consumers of financial services; particular type of economic relations; specific (financial) goods; economic activity; benefits and satisfaction from selling money; transactions with financial assets; component of the financial market; the result of the subjects' interaction. Based on the content analysis of the definition of “financial service”, it is proved that its essence is revealed both within financial categories (“financial transactions”, “financial assets”, “financial resources”, financial intermediaries) and categories in the field of services (“customer needs”, “benefits and satisfaction”, “financial value”). It is proved that the purpose of financial services is to meet customers’ needs to perform specific actions with financial assets, which result in the client receiving financial value in the form of economic benefits or satisfaction, which is manifested in profit or preservation of the actual value of financial assets. The essence of the financial services market is presented, and the main approaches to its definition are analysed: institutional, resource, commodity, market. The set of primary and specific features of financial services available in the scientific literature is studied. Considering modern trends, it is proposed to expand the features of financial services with the following components: customer orientation, trust-centricity, product-centrism, servicing. Considering modern features and peculiarities of financial services, the definition of this category is offered, and the conceptual model of rendering of financial services is proposed.