scholarly journals Characterization of Endophytic Fungi from Western Ghat Orchid : Cleisostoma tenuifolium

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Darsha S ◽  
Jayashankar M
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Western Ghat ◽  
Similarity Matrix ◽  
Aspergillus Aculeatus ◽  
The World

Western Ghats is one of the hottest hot spot in the world. Cleisostoma tenuifolium is an epiphytic orchid from the heart of this region. We have isolated and identified four endophytic fungi from this plant. Characterization of these fungi were done by analyzing the sequences. Genome were quantified and sequenced. Sequence similarity matrix were prepared by comparing the ITS region sequence of obtained fungi with its closely related fungal species from NCBI database. Phylogenetic tree were also constructed for further comparing the homological features of these fungi. From the study, the obtained fungi were Aspergillus flavus MT464452, Cladosporium xanthochromaticum MT464453, Colletotrichum cymbidicola MT464454, Aspergillus aculeatus MT464455. The wide variety of endophytic fungi isolated from the plant C. tenuifolium that belongs to Orchidaceae family further highlights the importance of orchids as reservoirs of fungal biodiversity and its conservation.

scholarly journals Diversity and Molecular Characterization of Endophytic fungi associated with Leaves of Acacianilotica

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-269
Author(s):  
Jawed Shaikh ◽  
Ashfaque Mehboob Khan ◽  
Mirza Mushtaq Vaseem Baig
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Colonization Frequency ◽  
Biodiversity Analysis

Fungal endophytesare colonized in different part of the plants and play important role in survival of plants in stressful habitat. In search of potential endophytic fungito produce bioactive metabolites inthis study we investigate thediversity of endophytic fungi associated with leaves of the Acacia nilotica plant. Twenty-six endophytic fungi were subjected to morphologicaland molecular identification with internal transcribes spacer (ITS) region sequenced. All 26 endophytic fungi were divided into nine genera Chaetomium, Amesia, Ovatospora, Penicillium, Phialemonium, Colletotrichum, Crinipellis, Acrophialophora, Cribbea. Most of them belonged to the phylum Ascomycota only one belonging to the phylum Basidiomycota. This study shows that Acacia leaves inhabitant by diverse group of endophytic fungi. The biodiversity analysis showed Chaetomium sp. Being dominant with the highest colonization frequency (26.9%). One of the Chaetomium sp. showed sequence similarity of93% with the species reported earlier, Further investigationsarein needed to harness the bioactive compounds.

Exploration, Collection and Characterization of Kala zeera (Bunium persicum Boiss. Fedtsch.) Germplasm from North-Western Himalayas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Anwar Khan ◽  
Suhail Altaf ◽  
Safoora Shafi ◽  
Bilal Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Waseem Ali Dar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Bunium Persicum ◽  
The World ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Exploration Mission ◽  
Germplasm Accessions

Abstract Kala zeera (Bunium persicum Boiss. Fedtsch.) is one of the most important spice crop in the world. A set of two hundred fifty two (252) diverse kala zeera germplasm accessions were collected during an exploration mission from hot-spot regions /hills dividing two neighboring countries (India-Pakistan) on line of control (LOC) and hills near line of actual control (LAC) with China. The crop grows wild in its natural habitat mainly in Gurez valley, Tulail, Kashtiwar, Keran, Machil Tangdhar, Machil, Drass, Paddar, Khrew, Char-e-Sharief, Pang, Lahaul spiti, Shaung, Bharmour and Almora hills of Indian Western Himalayas. The germplasm collected has been characterized for morpho-agronomic traits and the analysis of trait data revealed significant variability in number of branches plant-1, number of umbelets umbel-1, number of seeds plant-1, seed yield per plant and 1000 seed weight. The collection and characterization of 252 Kala zeera germplasm accessions can prove useful in future Kala zeera improvement programs in the world as this is first such comprehensive report of the crop from Western Himalayan region of India.

scholarly journals Characterization of Keratinophilic Fungal Species and Other Non-Dermatophytes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suaad Alwakeel
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Normal Flora ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
The World

Background: The presence of fungal species on the surface skin and hair is a known finding in many mammalian species and humans are no exception. Superficial fungal infections are sometimes a chronic and recurring condition that affects approximately 10-20% of the world’s population. However, most species that are isolated from humans tend to occur as co-existing flora. This study was conducted to determine the diversity of fungal species isolated from the hair and nails of workers in the central region of Saudi Arabia where there are not many observational studies on the mycological species. Materials and Methods: Male workers from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were recruited for this study and samples were obtained from their nails and hair for mycological analysis which was done using Saboraud’s agar and sterile wet soil. Fungal isolates were examined microscopically. Results: Twenty four hair samples yielded a total of 26 species from 19 fungal genera. Chaetomiumglobosum was the most commonly isolated fungal species followed by Emericellanidulans, Cochliobolusneergaardii, and Penicilliumoxalicum. Three fungal species were isolated from nail samples, namely, Alternariaalternata, Aureobasidiumpullulans, and Penicilliumchrysogenum. Most of the isolated fungal species (17 of the 26 or 65.38% of the isolated fungal species) have not been thoroughly characterised nor morphologically classified. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the presence of previously undescribed fungal species that contribute to the normal flora of the skin and its appendages and may have a role in their pathogenies.

scholarly journals Characterization of Keratinophilic Fungal Species and Other Non-Dermatophytes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suaad Alwakeel
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Normal Flora ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
The World

Background: The presence of fungal species on the surface skin and hair is a known finding in many mammalian species and humans are no exception. Superficial fungal infections are sometimes a chronic and recurring condition that affects approximately 10-20% of the world’s population. However, most species that are isolated from humans tend to occur as co-existing flora. This study was conducted to determine the diversity of fungal species isolated from the hair and nails of workers in the central region of Saudi Arabia where there are not many observational studies on the mycological species. Materials and Methods: Male workers from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were recruited for this study and samples were obtained from their nails and hair for mycological analysis which was done using Saboraud’s agar and sterile wet soil. Fungal isolates were examined microscopically. Results: Twenty four hair samples yielded a total of 26 species from 19 fungal genera. Chaetomiumglobosum was the most commonly isolated fungal species followed by Emericellanidulans, Cochliobolusneergaardii, and Penicilliumoxalicum. Three fungal species were isolated from nail samples, namely, Alternariaalternata, Aureobasidiumpullulans, and Penicilliumchrysogenum. Most of the isolated fungal species (17 of the 26 or 65.38% of the isolated fungal species) have not been thoroughly characterised nor morphologically classified. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the presence of previously undescribed fungal species that contribute to the normal flora of the skin and its appendages and may have a role in their pathogenies.

scholarly journals The gilled mushroom Amanita spissacea (Amanitaceae): a new report for India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 12413-12417
Author(s):  
Hmar Lalrinawmi ◽  
John Zothanzama ◽  
Benjamin W. Held ◽  
Josiah M.C. Vabeikhokhei ◽  
Zohmangaiha . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
The World

Mizoram is regarded as one of the biodiversity hotspots of the World owing to the diverse group of flora and fauna documented here.  Information regarding the macrofungi, however, is very limited.  For this reason, a systematic study of mushrooms from Mizoram was undertaken and during the field survey, Amanita spissacea was collected and identified.  This is the first report of this mushroom from India.  This species was identified on the basis of its morphological and microscopic characteristics as well as molecular characterization of the ITS region of rDNA.  Phylogenetic analysis also confirmed that A. spissacea was a distinct species from A. fritillaria, A. sepiacea, A. citrina and other closely related species Amanita section Valideae.

Isolation, Identification and Molecular Characterization of Endophytic Fungi from the leaves of Coelogyne species, and their role as an Antimicrobial agent

2021 ◽  
pp. 5613-5617
Author(s):  
Akila Shree J ◽  
Krishnaveni C
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Colonization Frequency ◽  
Host Tissues

Endophytic fungi from Orchids believed to have an essential symbiotic relationship with the plant for both the germination of seeds and the development of young plantlets. Endophytes are microorganisms which live in the intercellular spaces of healthy host tissues without causing apparent symptoms. Endophytic fungi isolated from the medicinal plants are used for the development of drugs as they act as the source of bioactive compounds. This study has been designed to isolate the fungal endophytes from the leaves of three epiphytic orchid species (Coelogyne nervosa, A. Rich., Coelogyne mossiae, Rolf and Coelogyne cristata, Lindl) from the same genus Coelogyne, collected from Ooty flora, Coonoor. About five different endophytes were identified and their morphological characters were studied. Coelogyne cristata showed maximum colonization frequency. Among the five species, Fusarium species showed antibacterial activity against the gram-positive bacteria Bacillus Subtilis, a pathogen found in soil, water and food. Fungal genomic DNA isolated for molecular identification from the four fungal species.

Incidence and molecular characterization of fungi and yeast isolated from cultured catfish and Nile tilapia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Ola Hashem ◽  
Viola Zaki ◽  
Rawia Adawy
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Objective: To study the incidence and seasonal dynamics of different fungi affected freshwater fishes in Lake Manzala with molecular identification of the isolated fungi. Animals: 300 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and 300 catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Design: Descriptive study. Procedures: Random samples of Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) and Clarias gariepinus (C. gariepinus) were collected from Manzala fish farms. Clinical and postmortem examination of fish was applied. Isolation and identification of different fungi were performed by conventional methods. Furthermore, the molecular characterization of isolated fungi was carried out. Results: C. gariepinus had a higher rate of infection with different fungal species than O. niloticus. Aspergillus spp. (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus) were the most fungal isolated from the examined fishes, followed by Penicillium spp. and Candida albicans. Aspergillus spp were detected in all seasons with a higher rate in summer and spring. A. flavus, A. niger, Penicillium spp. and C.albicans isolates were amplified from both C. gariepinus and O. niloticus at the specified molecular weight using PCR. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Fungal infection affected the fish showing different external and internal lesions, all species of Aspergillus were found in all seasons with a high rate in, hot seasons, summer and spring. The Prevalence of Penicillium and C. albicans were also reported. All fungal isolates were identified on the phenotypic and molecular bases.

Characterization of Antibacterial-Producing Endophytic Fungi of Syzygiumpolyanthum Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-454
Author(s):  
Rahmita Burhamzah ◽  
Gemini Alam ◽  
Herlina Rante
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Nitrogen Base ◽  
Rdna Genes ◽  
Antibacterial Screening ◽  
Planting Method

Background: Endophytic fungi live in plants’ tissue and can produce the same bioactive compounds as its host plant produces. Syzygiumpolyanthum leaves have known to be one of the antibacterial compound producers. Aim and Objective: This study aimed to characterize morphologically, microscopically, and molecularly the antibacterial-producing endophytic fungi of Syzygiumpolyanthum leaves. Methods: The isolation of endophytic fungi was done by fragment planting method on PDA medium. The antibacterial screening was performed using the antagonistic test as the first screening followed by the disc diffusion test method. The morphological characterization was based on isolate’s mycelia color, growth pattern, margin, and surface texture of the colony, while the microscopic characterization was based on its hyphae characteristics. The molecular characterization of the isolate was done by nitrogen base sequence analysis method on nucleotide constituent of ITS rDNA genes of the isolate. Results: The results found that isolate DF1 has antibacterial activity against E.coli, S.aureus, P.acne, and P.aeruginosa, with the greatest inhibition at 10% concentration of broth fermentation extract on S.aureus with a diameter of inhibition of 13.77 mm. Conclusion: Based on macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular characterization, DF1 isolate is similar to Ceriporialacerate.

scholarly journals The absence of the caffeine synthase gene is involved in the naturally decaffeinated status of Coffea humblotiana, a wild species from Comoro archipelago

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Raharimalala ◽  
Stephane Rombauts ◽  
Andrew McCarthy ◽  
Andréa Garavito ◽  
Simon Orozco-Arias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Illegitimate Recombination ◽  
Recombination Mechanism ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Caffeine Synthase ◽  
The World ◽  
Decaffeinated Coffee ◽  
Chromosome Level

AbstractCaffeine is the most consumed alkaloid stimulant in the world. It is synthesized through the activity of three known N-methyltransferase proteins. Here we are reporting on the 422-Mb chromosome-level assembly of the Coffea humblotiana genome, a wild and endangered, naturally caffeine-free, species from the Comoro archipelago. We predicted 32,874 genes and anchored 88.7% of the sequence onto the 11 chromosomes. Comparative analyses with the African Robusta coffee genome (C. canephora) revealed an extensive genome conservation, despite an estimated 11 million years of divergence and a broad diversity of genome sizes within the Coffea genus. In this genome, the absence of caffeine is likely due to the absence of the caffeine synthase gene which converts theobromine into caffeine through an illegitimate recombination mechanism. These findings pave the way for further characterization of caffeine-free species in the Coffea genus and will guide research towards naturally-decaffeinated coffee drinks for consumers.

scholarly journals Morpho-molecular identification and first report of Fusarium equiseti in causing chilli wilt from Kashmir (Northern Himalayas)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammarah Hami ◽  
Rovidha S. Rasool ◽  
Nisar A. Khan ◽  
Sheikh Mansoor ◽  
Mudasir A. Mir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Fusarium Equiseti ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
High Degree

AbstractChilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most significant vegetable and spice crop. Wilt caused by Fusarium Sp. has emerged as a serious problem in chilli production. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region is widely used as a DNA barcoding marker to characterize the diversity and composition of Fusarium communities. ITS regions are heavily used in both molecular methods and ecological studies of fungi, because of its high degree of interspecific variability, conserved primer sites and multiple copy nature in the genome. In the present study we focused on morphological and molecular characterization of pathogen causing chilli wilt. Chilli plants were collected from four districts of Kashmir valley of Himalayan region. Pathogens were isolated from infected root and stem of the plants. Isolated pathogens were subjected to DNA extraction and PCR amplification. The amplified product was sequenced and three different wilt causing fungal isolates were obtained which are reported in the current investigation. In addition to Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani, a new fungal species was found in association with the chilli wilt in Kashmir valley viz., Fusarium equiseti that has never been reported before from this region. The studies were confirmed by pathogenicity test and re-confirmation by DNA barcoding.

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