scholarly journals Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Properties of Agro-Waste and their Potential Applications as Bio-Preservatives and Natural Dyes

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
Noella Dsouza ◽  
Pranav Tejani ◽  
Ayush Limbachiya ◽  
Chinmayee Mahadik ◽  
Neha Manoti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Onion Peel ◽  
Lemon Peel ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Test Organisms

Around 40% of agro-waste is generated globally every year most of which is not composted due to improper disposal methods, this increases the carbon footprints which in turn causes a great deal of harm to the environment. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of extracts prepared of lemon peel (Citrus limon), onion peel (Allium cepa) and potato peels (Solanum tuberosum). The project was an attempt to increase sustainability and decrease waste generation by complete utilization of agro-products prior to disposal. The peels were collected from local restaurants and food joints to aid in reduced waste generation. The extracts were prepared using home-based methods; laboratory extraction using Soxhlet apparatus was carried out for lemon peel extract. For the antimicrobial analysis, four organisms were used, two of which were gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) and two were gram negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida). S.aureus was isolated from a poultry source whereas E.coli was isolated from fish drain water. The lemon peel extracts showed a high degree of antimicrobial activity against all the test organisms, whereas the onion peel extracts positively retarded the growth of both the gram-positive test isolates and consecutively, potato peel extracts showed bactericidal effects against E.coli. The extracts were analyzed for presence of phytochemicals namely, tannins, phenols, saponins, flavonoids, vitamin C; promising results were obtained proving the importance and medicinal relevance of the extracts. To check for preservative attributes of the extracts, quantitative and qualitative examinations were conducted, wherein, efficacious results were noted for the lemon peel extracts, however, actions of onion peel extracts and a combination of extracts was culminated to be inconclusive due to excess coloration/ pigmentation. Lastly textile/ fabric dyes were yielded from the prepared extracts, and as observed, the color was retained by the cloth after addition of mordants.

ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF COMPOSITE EDIBLE COATING INCORPORATED WITH CITRUS LIMON L. PEEL EXTRACT AND IT’S EFFECT ON FUJI APPLES.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renu Jaisinghani ◽  
Vishnu Vasant Dayare
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Edible Coating ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Edible Coatings ◽  
Lemon Peel ◽  
Fruit Shelf Life ◽  
Broth Dilution ◽  
Peel Extract

Edible film and coatings are been looked upon for preservation of fruits, vegetables and bakery products. Extended shelf life with preservation of natural properties of food is always been a challenge; by incorporation of bio-actives in edible coatings, the shelf life can be increased as they are known for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. With this view, present study was undertaken, where edible coatings were prepared from starch, gelatin and glycerol and incorporated with Lemon peel extracts and coated on apples for increased shelf life. Antimicrobial activity of Lemon peel extracts was studied on eight organisms by broth dilution method and were found to be effective at concentration 3mg/mL-9mg/mL for bacteria and 50mg/mL- 90mg/mL for fungi. Fuji apples coated with starch-gelatin based edible formulation containing lemon peel extracts were studied for the effect of coating on fruit shelf life during storage for 28 days. Incorporation of lemon peel extract into edible coating improved shelf life with reducing rate of browning of apples.

scholarly journals OPTIMASI SUHU DAN WAKTU MENGGUNAKAN RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY (RSM) PADA EKSTRAKSI OLEORESIN LIMBAH KULIT JERUK LEMON (Citrus limon (Linn.) Burm.F.) DENGAN BANTUAN GELOMBANG ULTRASONIK

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
I Gede Arie Mahendra Putra ◽  
I Wayan Rai Widarta ◽  
Putu Timur Ina
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Decanoic Acid ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Octadecanoic Acid ◽  
Lemon Peel ◽  
Geranyl Propionate

This study was aimed to determine the optimum temperature and extraction time of citrus lemon peel (Citrus limon (Linn.) Burm.F.) oleoresins by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results showed that the optimum temperature and time of extraction with ultrasonic waves to produced oleoresins were 59,28ºC and 72,57 minutes. The extraction process with optimum temperature and time produced citrus lemon peel oleoresin with yield and refractive index respectively 32,47% and 1,4923. Meanwhile, the value of the density is equal to 1,3740 g/cm3 and the chemical compound was identified by GC-MS instrument. The component that was found in the citrus lemon peel oleoresin were 1-propanone, 1,3,6 Octratriene, Propanoic Acid, 2-Furancarboxaldehyde, 4-Vinyl-2-Methoxy-Phenol, 1-Pentene, Neryl Acetate, Geranic Acetate, ?-Bergamotene, Limonene, 2-Hexenal, 2-Bornanone, 2-Decyn-1-ol, Methyl Eugenol, Cis-P-Mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol, 1,4 Naphthalendione, Undecanal, Octadecanoic Acid, Pentadecanoic Acid, Decanoic Acid, 11-Octadecanoic Acid,GeranylButirate, Geranyl Propionate and 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic Acid.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Antidiabetic Activity of Hexane-Extract of Lemon Peel (Limon citrus) and Glimepiride in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Naim ◽  
Farhad Mohammad Amjad ◽  
Sania Sultana ◽  
Sheikh Nazrul Islam ◽  
Muhammad Amjad Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Elevated Level ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Lemon Peel

Diabetes is classified as a metabolic disorder manifested by elevated level of glucose in the blood. An attempt has been made to compare the antidiabetic activity of hexane extract of lemon peel (Citrus Limon) with that of a marketed product, glimepiride, in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The study was performed by the measurement of blood glucose level using a glucometer. It was found that the hexane extract of lemon peel showed antidiabetic activity comparable to that of glimepiride. It can thus be inferred that the extract of lemon peel possesses significant antidiabetic activity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v15i2.12577 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 15(2): 131-134, 2012

scholarly journals Preparation of dietary fiber concentrate from Tunisian lemon (Citrus limon L.) by-products: Physico-chemical, functional and antioxidant properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Manel Masmoudi
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Oil Retention ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
By Products

Dietary fibers constitute an important element of a healthy diet. This study is a contribution to valorize Tunisian lemon (Citrus limon L.) by-products (LB) by preparation of a lemon fiber concentrate (LFC). The suitability of this by-product as a source of dietary fiber for food enrichment was investigated. Lemon fiber concentrate was prepared by LB washing in water at 90 °C for 5 min and then characterized by studying its physico-chemical, functional and antioxidant properties, in comparison with the original LB. The extraction method led to a total dietary fiber yield of 54.42 g/100g. LFC had higher content in total fibers than LB (71.20 versus 63.87 g/100g dry matter (DM), respectively), with predominance of the insoluble fraction (53.58 g/100g DM). LFC had also better functional properties, with higher water holding capacity (13.92 versus 8.51 g/g, respectively), swelling capacity (14 versus 8.75 ml/g, respectively) and oil retention property (6.6 versus 4.43 g/g, respectively). LFC had high content in bioactive compounds, particularly for phenolics (561.09 mg GAE/100 g DM) and flavonoids (408.42 mg QE/ 100 g DM), which gave it good antioxidant properties (antiradical activity: 45.57 % and reducing power: 0.18). The results of this study suggested that LFC may have potential applications for food enrichment.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Antibacterial Activity of Juice and Peel Extract of Citrus Fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisha Shakya ◽  
Bhawana Luitel ◽  
Pragati Kumari ◽  
Ritu Devkota ◽  
Puspa Raj Dahal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Peel Extract

Objectives: This study was aimed to compare the antibacterial activity of peel and juice extracts of citrus fruits. Methods: The antibacterial activity of juice and peel extract of five selected citrus fruits [C1- Citrus reticulata (mandarin orange), C2- Citrus limetta (sweet lime), C3- Citrus aurantifolia (lime), C4- Citrus limon (lemon) and C5- Citrus maxima (pommelo)] on three Gram positive and five Gram negative bacterial strains were examined. The juice and peel extract of citrus fruits was obtained by using absolute ethanol. The obtained extracts were dissolved in 1ml 10% v/v DMSO which was taken to carry out the antibacterial susceptibility assay using agar well diffusion method. Results: The peel extracts of C1 and C2 were found to be more effective against the given Gram-positive bacteria than the juice extracts with maximum zone of inhibition (20.33±1.527) and (15.33±0.577) against Bacillus spp respectively. While the juice extracts of C3 and C4 were more effective against both Gram positive and negative bacteria than their peel extracts with maximum zone of inhibition (26.66±1.15) against S. aureus ATCC 25923 and (20±1) against E. coli ATCC 25922 respectively. The juice extract of C5 was found to be more effective against both Gram positive and negative bacteria than its peel extract with maximum zone of inhibition (18.66±1.154) against E. coli ATCC 25922 except for Bacillus spp in which peel extract showed maximum zone of inhibition i.e. (15±1) Conclusion: This study suggests that these juice and peel extracts may have beneficial antibacterial roles that can be exploited in controlling unwanted bacterial growth.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of different fractional extracts of cerastium glomeratum

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himayat Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Hubaib ◽  
Muhammad Israr ◽  
Muhammad Mushtaq ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Wide Range

Every plant available in the universe is not produced to be the part of biodiversity, but is also produced to obtain medicinal purposes. The medicinal value of the plant is due to the availability of various chemical compounds [1]. Since prehistoric time, the crude extract of plant is used to cure various diseases, although the biologically active components of the plant were unidentified [2]. In the present study the antibacterial activity is performed for various extracts of cerastium glomeratum. The plant cerastium glomeratum was collected from near kalpani river Mardan, Pakistan and was identified by lecturer Israr department of botany GPGC Mardan, Pakistan. The plant was dried under shade and grinded into powder form. The extraction process was done by using soxhlet apparatus, reflux condenser and maceration process using ethanol as a solvent. The extract was divided into different fractions of n-hexane, DCM, ethyl acetate and water. These four extracts were tested against gram positive (staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (E.coli) bacteria using well diffusion technique. The water extract show a wide range inhibition zone against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria while n-hexane, DCM and ethyl acetate fractions show no zone of inhibition against bacteria. In effort to find new antibacterial compounds cerastium glomeratum seems to be a good plant for additional phytochemical studies.

scholarly journals Potensi Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Jeruk Lemon (Citrus limon L.) Sebagai Obat Alternatif Hiperkolesterolemia Pada Tikus Wistar Hiperglikemik

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Deni Tri Hartanto ◽  
Ellen Lydia Kurniasari ◽  
Ribka Artha Maria ◽  
Puspa Sari Dewi ◽  
Vina Septiani
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Lemon Peel ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Alternative Drug

<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p>Jeruk lemon (<em>Citrus limon </em>L) secara empiris telah digunakan masyarakat untuk menurunkan berat badan.  Selain itu perasan jeruk lemon pun dipercaya mampu menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan potensi ekstrak etanol kulit jeruk lemon sebagai obat alternatif hiperkolesterolemia pada tikus <em>wistar</em> hiperglikemia dengan menggunakan metode proteksi. Proses ekstraksi kulit buah jeruk lemon dilakukan dengan metode maserasi.  Semua tikus diberi sediaan uji sesuai dengan kelompoknya (kontrol, ekstrak etanol jeruk lemon, pembanding simvastatin) bersamaan dengan intervensi fruktosa 60% yang dicampur dalam makanannya selama 6 minggu. Pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol total dilakukan setiap minggu. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol kulit buah lemon mampu menghambat peningkatan kadar kolesterol total tikus <em>wistar </em>hiperglikemia.  Ekstrak etanol kulit buah lemon dosis 70 mg/kg bb menunjukkan hasil terbaik yang berbeda bermakna dibanding kelompok kontrol (p&lt;0,05) pada penelitian ini. Dengan demikian, ekstrak etanol kulit jeruk lemon berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai obat alternatif hiperkolesterolemia.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata Kunci :</strong> Hiperkolesterolemia, Lemon, Fruktosa 60%</p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Potency of lemon peel ethanolic extract (Citrus limon L.) as alternative drug for hypercholesterolemia in hyperglycemic wistar rat</em></strong></p><p><em> </em></p><p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract </em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><em>Lemon (Citrus limon L) empirically has been used by the community to lose weight. Besides lemon juice is also believed to be able to reduce blood cholesterol levels. This study aims to determine the potential of ethanol extract of lemon peel as an alternative medicine for hypercholesterolemia in hyperglycemic wistar rats using the protection method. The process of extracting lemon peel is done by maceration method. All rats were given a test preparation according to their group (control, lemon ethanol extract, compared to simvastatin) together with intervention of fructose 60% mixed in the food for 6 weeks. Examination of total cholesterol levels is carried out every week. The test results showed that the ethanol extract of lemon peel was able to inhibit the increase of total cholesterol levels in hyperglycemic wistar rats. The ethanol extract of lemon peel doses of 70 mg / kg bw showed the best results which were significantly different than the control group (p &lt;0.05) in this study. Thus, the ethanol extract of lemon peel has the potential to be used as an alternative drug for hypercholesterolemia.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em> : Hypercholesterolemia, Lemon, Fructose 60 % </em></p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Solvent Extracts and Essential Oil of Leaves of Cipadessa baccifera (Roth.) Miq.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 339-349
Author(s):  
R. Kavitha B. S. Jyothsna ◽  
E. Keshamma
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Skin Wound ◽  
Scientific Validity ◽  
Leaf Sample ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Voucher Specimen ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

The present study was designed to conduct with the main purpose of evaluation of antimicrobial activity of solvent extracts and essential oil of leaves of Cipadessa baccifera (Roth.) Miq. The plant samples for investigation were collected from Thavarekere and Savandurga, Magadi Taluk, Bengaluru Rural district, and outskirts of Bengaluru, and identification was authenticated by National Ayurveda and Dietetics Research Institute, Bangalore; vide voucher specimen number, RRCBI-8971.The dried leaf samples were pulverized in an electric blender and the powdered material was stored in air tight containers for further analyses. The leaf samples were subjected to sequential extraction using Soxhlet apparatus, and extracted exhaustively in organic solvents such as, hexane, chloroform, methanol and water. The essential oil from leaf sample was extracted in Clevenger apparatus. The sequential extracts and essential oil of leaf parts of C. baccifera (Roth) Miq. were subjected to evaluation of antimicrobial activity against diarrhoea, skin, wound and oral infections causing selected pathogens, including 07 Gram positive, 06 Gram negative bacteria and 06 fungal strains. Results revealed that essential oils and crude solvent extracts leaves of Cipadessa baccifera showed significant anti-bacterial potential against diarrhoea, skin wound and oral pathogens inhibiting both Gram positive, Gram negative and fungal species. The broad spectrum of anti-bacterial activity of C. baccifera revealed in the present investigation gives scientific validity for its usage in treatment of dysentery, skin related disorders and wounds in traditional and folk medicines.

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