Preparation of dietary fiber concentrate from Tunisian lemon (Citrus limon L.) by-products: Physico-chemical, functional and antioxidant properties

Dietary fibers constitute an important element of a healthy diet. This study is a contribution to valorize Tunisian lemon (Citrus limon L.) by-products (LB) by preparation of a lemon fiber concentrate (LFC). The suitability of this by-product as a source of dietary fiber for food enrichment was investigated. Lemon fiber concentrate was prepared by LB washing in water at 90 °C for 5 min and then characterized by studying its physico-chemical, functional and antioxidant properties, in comparison with the original LB. The extraction method led to a total dietary fiber yield of 54.42 g/100g. LFC had higher content in total fibers than LB (71.20 versus 63.87 g/100g dry matter (DM), respectively), with predominance of the insoluble fraction (53.58 g/100g DM). LFC had also better functional properties, with higher water holding capacity (13.92 versus 8.51 g/g, respectively), swelling capacity (14 versus 8.75 ml/g, respectively) and oil retention property (6.6 versus 4.43 g/g, respectively). LFC had high content in bioactive compounds, particularly for phenolics (561.09 mg GAE/100 g DM) and flavonoids (408.42 mg QE/ 100 g DM), which gave it good antioxidant properties (antiradical activity: 45.57 % and reducing power: 0.18). The results of this study suggested that LFC may have potential applications for food enrichment.

Analysis of the Effect of Climate Change on Flood Flows of Kemer Ağva River, Antalya

The environment and atmosphere are largely polluted due to increased urbanization, especially greenhouse gases from industrial and residential areas, and the trend of warming air on a global scale is increasing. In the event that global climate change persists for many years, it is expected that there may be significant increases in the severity, frequency and activity of hydrological natural disasters such as floods caused by these events, as well as extreme weather events. In recent years, Turkey has seen an increase in summer temperatures caused by climate change, a decrease in winter precipitation, and sudden and heavy rains and flood. Especially in the Western Mediterranean basin, heavy rainfall and flood events have started to be seen frequently due to climatic changes. In this study, current flood flow rates in Antalya Kemer Agva Stream and flood flow rates of 2050, 2075 and 2100 projections of HadGEM2-ES, MPI-ESM-MR and CNRM CM 5.1 climate models outputs were determined according to RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. With this study, it has been revealed that the flood flows in the Kemer Agva basin will increase in the period until 2050 compared to the current situation, and will decrease in the periods of 2075 and 2100.

Ensemble Based Neural Network for the Classification of MURA Dataset

The Musculoskeletal Radiographs (MURA) dataset, proposed by Stamford Machine Learning (ML) group, has 40,561 images of bone X-rays from 14,863 studies. The X-ray images belong to seven body areas of the upper extremity namely wrist, elbow, finger, humerus, forearm, hand, and shoulder. Radiologists have classified the data into two classes, namely normal and abnormal. Six board-certified Stanford radiologists labeled the data samples using most votes, which is considered the gold standard. The 169 layers deep model, introduced by the Stamford ML group, works well on a par with the gold standard except for the humerus radiographs, despite humerus data labeled with high accuracy. We propose to develop a comparatively shallower version of a neural network and a convolutional network with 10 hidden layers each in an Adaboost framework in the humerus data and the model performance is on par or sometimes superior to the Stamford ML group model. We evaluate the performance of our model using the validation error and Cohen’s kappa coefficients. We have shown that our modeling framework is much faster in terms of the model training time and as accurate compared to the 169 layers of deep neural network introduced by the Stamford ML group. Also, with increased resources, the performance of our model will increase.

Empirical Correlation between Shear Wave Velocity (Vs) and Uncorrected Standard Penetration Resistance (SPT-N) for Dinajpur District, Bangladesh

In seismic analysis, shear wave velocity ("V" _"s" ) is a valuable parameter for measuring the site effect of earthquake microzonation. Various methods have been explored to measure this key factor directly. Since measuring shear wave velocity directly is time consuming and expensive, researchers in various regions have been attempting to update empirical relationships between shear wave velocity ("V" _"s" ) and other soil geotechnical properties such as SPT blow count, depth, vertical effective stress and so on. Geophysical tests associated with direct methods are not feasible in developing countries like Bangladesh, so the indirect method is more important. Due to the location of a fault line nearby, the Dinajpur district has previously undergone anomalous earthquakes. As a result, site characterization is important for enhancing seismic design considerations. Focused on an indirect approach, this paper mainly aims to propose a general correlation between shear wave velocity and standard penetration number in 13 upazilas of Dinajpur district for four soil categories (“all soils”, sand, clay, and silt). Finally, an approach was developed to find the overall correlations for the Dinajpur district by combining all of the data. The regression coefficient ("R" ^"2" ) values were observed to vary in between 0.04416-0.6134 for “all soils”, 0.0593-0.668 for sand, 0.5911-0.7149 for clay and 0.5547-0.6794 for silt. The correlations obtained in this study can be used for seismic hazard analysis in both the study region and other areas with identical soil strata.

The Neumann Type Boundary Value Problem in the Theory of Thermoelasticity with Microtemperatures for a Plane with Circular Hole

This paper studies the linear theory of thermoelastic materials with inner structure whose particles,in addition to the classical displacement and temperature fields, possess microtemperatures. The present work considers the 2D equilibrium theory of thermoelasticity for solids with microtemperatures. This paper is devoted to the explicit solution of the Neumann type boundary value problem for an elastic plane, with microtemperatures having a circular hole. Special representations of the regular solutions of the considered equations are constructed by means of the elementary (harmonic, bi-harmonic and meta-harmonic) functions. Using the Fourier method, we presented the solution of the Neumann type boundary value problem for the plane with circular hole in the explicit form.

Alternative numerical systems

The article is devoted to the construction of numerical systems, alternative to the system of real numbers and applicable in curvilinear space-time. Examples of such systems are given. Within the framework of a stationary numerical system, it is admissible to sum the diverging series like the Dirichlet series for the Riemann zeta function without resorting to its analytic continuation in the plane of the complex argument. In the framework of a non-stationary numerical system, a description of the Hubble effect is obtained, taking into account the corrections that correspond to the apparently accelerated recession of galaxies without invoking the hypothesis of dark energy.

Solution of the problems of quasi-statics for an elastic body with double porosity

The construction of solutions in explicit form is especially important from the point of view of its application, since it makes it possible to effectively carry out a quantitative analysis of the problem under study. This paper investigates the processes of deformation of solids in the quasi-static case. Two-dimensional boundary value problems of Dirichlet and Neumann for an elastic body with double porosity are considered. In Using the Laplace transform, these problems are reduced to auxiliary boundary value problems. Special representations of solutions to auxiliary boundary value problems are constructed using elementary functions that allow reducing the original system of equations to equations of a simple structure and facilitate the solution of the original problems. Auxiliary boundary value problems are solved for a specific elastic body - a porous disk. Solutions to these problems are obtained in the form of series. Conditions are provided that ensure the absolute and uniform convergence of these series and the use of the inverse Laplace theorem. It is proved that the inverse transforms provide a solution to the initial problems.

The effect of play-wear on surface roughness of steel music strings

The play-wear tests on the strings from high carbon steel were realized by using a long necked bağlama stringed instrument. These tests were carried out by reciprocating with the finger on the sound table for different times. The stick-slip wear and striking effects were observed on the strings by AFM. A noticeable increase was detected in the values of surface roughness obtained from Do, Fa, and Si pitch-strings and the chest region-string depending on the beat amount. Hence, it attracts attention that the roughness values decrease while it is passed from 1000 to 3000 beats and from Do pitch to Fa concerning beat amount and pitches. However, such an increase was not detected in the Si pitch-string and the chest region-string, and whilst passing from 3000 to 6000 beats, on the contrary, the average surface roughness values showed a tendency to increase.

Consistent Order Approximations in Extended Thermodynamics of Polyatomic Gases

In this article the known models are considered for relativistic polyatomic gases with an arbitrary number of moments, in the framework of Extended Thermodynamics. These models have the downside of being hyperbolic only in a narrow domain around equilibrium, called "hyperbolicity zone". Here it is shown how to overcome this drawback by presenting a new model which satisfies the hyperbolicity requirement for every value of the independent variables and without restrictions. The basic idea behind this new model is that hyperbolicity is limited in previous models by the approximations made there. It is here shown that hyperbolicity isn't limited also for an approximated model if terms of the same order are consistently considered, in a new way never used before in literature. To design and complete this new model, well accepted principles are used such as the "Entropy Principle" and the "Maximum Entropy Principle". Finally, new trends are analized and these considerations may require a modification of the results published so far; as a bonus, more manageable balance equations are obtained. This allows to obtain more stringent results than those so far known. For example, we will have a single quantity (the energy e) expressed by an integral and all the other constitutive functions will be expressed in terms of it and its derivatives with respect to temperature. Another useful consequence is its easier applicability to the case of diatomic and ultrarelativistic gases which are useful, at least for testing the model in simple cases.