scholarly journals Methods of Physical Evidence Verification in the Criminal Proceedings of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
B. V. Shabarovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Procedural Code ◽  
Technological Processing ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
First Time ◽  
Court Practice

Taking into account the fact that evidence verification remains a poorly researched criminal and procedural phenomenon, and physical evidence is an important mean of establishing the circumstances of criminal proceedings, the purpose of the study was to determine and characterize the methods of verifying physical evidence in the criminal proceedings of Ukraine. To achieve this purpose, the author has set the following tasks: to analyze the provisions of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine in order to identify the methods of verifying physical evidence; to determine the peculiarities of physical evidence verification. As a result of the study, the author, for the first time, has provided all the means of verifying physical evidence available to the subjects of evidence in Ukraine. The Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine adopted on April 13, 2012, as well as the court practice have been analyzed. The author has determined the following methods of physical evidence verification in the criminal proceedings of Ukraine: comparison of physical evidence with the minutes of examination of physical evidence and its annexes (photo, video materials); verification of compliance with the provisions of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine and the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine “On the Implementation of Certain Provisions of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine” dated from November 19, 2012 No. 1104, which approved the Procedure for the storage of physical evidence by the prosecution, their implementation, technological processing, destruction, implementation of costs related to their storage and transfer, the safekeeping of temporarily confiscated property during criminal proceedings concerning its storage, with regard to the storage of physical evidence; examination of physical evidence by the court, familiarization with the physical evidence of the participants in the court proceedings and, if necessary, other participants in the criminal proceedings, focusing the attention of the court on those or other circumstances related to the item and its examination, which is carried out by the persons, who are subjects for the examination of physical evidence; putting questions about physical evidence to witnesses, experts, specialists who inspected the item and responding these questions; comparison of physical evidence with other evidence in order to ascertain their admissibility and credibility.

scholarly journals Arrest of Property in Bankruptcy Cases

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Biryukov
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Bankruptcy Law ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Legal Remedy ◽  
Procedural Code ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
The Right ◽  
Court Practice

This article focuses on the analysis of certain aspects of the application of security measures in liquidation procedure governed by Bankruptcy Law. Arrest of property (according to Ukrainian legislation terminology — a seizure of property) as a temporary tool of enforcing future court decisions is a fairly popular legal tool to protect the parties’ property interests in money disputes. In modern court practice application of this legal remedy creates some difficulties, particularly, in bankruptcy cases. When administering these cases, the judges sometimes consider petitions regarding imposing arrests of property or freeing restrictions over the property imposed in civil, administrative and criminal cases. In such situations, there is a need to answer a question whether the commercial court in a bankruptcy case has a power to free arrests or other restrictions on using the property imposed by other courts. Current legislation i.e. both procedural law and bankruptcy law does not contain clear rules on how the judges should aсt in such situations. Different approaches to the application of bankruptcy proceedings regarding arrest of property influence the court practice in general. Some economic courts establish that the release of the debtor’s assets from bans and arrests during the bankruptcy proceeding is totally in accordance with the current law, other courts rule that commercial procedural code does not allow to free property from arrest imposed, for example, in civil cases as this arrest is done by civil procedural law. Arrests attached in the criminal proceedings have different nature and purpose. It is known that in most cases in the criminal law property arrest serves as means to ensure possible future confiscation of property that may have been obtained in an illegal way. During such court proceedings a special review is conducted in order to discover whether property in acquired legally. Therefore, in order to cancel arrest of the property the procedure should be exercised in accordance with the rules of the criminal proceedings. However, while imposing new arrests of property in criminal proceedings it should be taken into account that the legal status of a person who was declared bankrupt has changed, i.e. he is deprived of the right to dispose the property which becomes a subject for sale at public tenders. The main conclusion of this article is that existence of certain different approaches to application of security measures in different court proceedings can be explained by the fact that during the development of procedural laws the nature of insolvency relations and the peculiarities of the legal mechanisms used in bankruptcy cases were not fully taken into account.

scholarly journals Legal Principles for the Use of Special Knowledge while Investigating Murders

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
A. H. Vuima
Keyword(s):  
Practical Significance ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
Procedural Code ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
The Law ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Based on the analysis of the Constitution of Ukraine and the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine, the author has established the relationship between the general principles of criminal proceedings and some provisions of the Basic Law of Ukraine. According to the results of the analysis of the provisions of criminal procedural legislation and regulatory acts regulating the activities of experts in case of their involvement in criminal proceedings, it has been determined that the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine does not contain an exhaustive list of principles of applying special knowledge of experts, however some of them are defined as the principles of forensic activities in the Law of Ukraine “On Forensic Examination”. For the first time, the author has determined the very general principles of criminal proceedings define the activity of experts in criminal proceedings. The author has singled out two components in the studied category: legal and organizational ones. The author has determined what should be understood as the legal principles for the use of special knowledge of experts while investigating murders, as well as their list. It has been established that the concept of organizational principles includes procedural features of involving experts. The author has provided a brief description of the principles of forensic activity, defined in the Law of Ukraine “On Forensic Examination”. The author has suggested provisions that should supplement this Law. Besides, the author has provided examples on how the implementation of the principles established by the legislator is ensured. It has been established that the purpose of involving an expert in criminal proceedings is to clarify the circumstances relevant to criminal proceedings, for the solution of which special knowledge is required. The author has substantiated the provisions, according to which the involvement of an expert in criminal proceedings requires the existence of two grounds: legal and factual, the content of which is revealed in the provisions of the article. The formulated conclusions are theoretical categories that determine the direction and content of the activities of experts and law enforcement officers in case of the application of special knowledge in criminal proceedings, in particular during the investigation of murders. The practical significance of the obtained results is to ensure a prompt, complete and impartial investigation and is one of the guarantees of the tasks of criminal proceedings.

scholarly journals Methods of the Verification of the Expert’s Opinion within Criminal Procedure of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Б. В. Шабаровський
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Legal Representative ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Procedural Code ◽  
Expert’S Opinion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
And Training

Considering the fact that the verification of evidence remains poorly researched criminal procedural phenomenon and the expert’s opinion is an important mean of establishing the circumstances of criminal proceedings, the purpose of this study is to distinguish and analyze the methods of verifying the expert’s opinion within criminal procedure of Ukraine. The author has supported the provision that the expert’s opinion has no pre-established force, therefore has to be verified and evaluated. The author has analyzed the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine, as well as the court practice. As the result of the study, the author has provided, for the first time, all methods of verifying the expert’s opinion available to an investigator, a prosecutor, a suspect, an accused (defendant), the person, who is the subject of compulsory measures of medical or educational character application, their defenders and legal representatives, a victim, his representative and legal representative, the civil plaintiff, his representative and legal representative, a civil defendant and his representative, a representative of the legal entity who is the subject of the proceedings. The following methods of verifying the expert’s opinion within criminal procedure of Ukraine have been distinguished: analysis of adherence to the procedure of appointment of the examination and compliance of the expert’s opinion with the requirements of the criminal procedural legislation; comparison of the expert’s opinion with other evidence, including other experts’ opinions; summoning an expert for questioning to clarify his / her conclusion, when the expert is asked by the prosecution and the defense parties, by the victim, the civil plaintiff, the civil defendant, their representatives and legal representatives, the representative of a legal entity which is the subject of the proceedings, as well as the chairman and the judges, and expert’s answers for the questions; simultaneous questioning of two or more experts; the provision of information by the party of criminal proceedings relating to the expert’s knowledge, skills, qualifications, education and training; the appointment of a duplicative or additional examination, in particular by the court’s own initiative.

Interrogation of minor and juvenile witnesses in criminal proceedings: Current state and prospects for improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-276
Author(s):  
Oksana V. Kaplina ◽  
Oksana P. Kuchynska ◽  
Oksana M. Krukevych
Keyword(s):  
International Standards ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
Legislative Regulation ◽  
Procedural Code ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Children's Interests

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to improve the procedure for obtaining information provided by minors and juvenile witnesses during interrogation regarding the circumstances known to them in criminal proceedings at the litigation stage, while ensuring the best respect for the children's interests. The authors employed philosophical, general scientific, and special scientific methods of cognition, which allowed conducting a detailed analysis of the procedure for interrogating minor and juvenile witnesses at the litigation stage. To develop scientific proposals for improving the legislative regulation of the interrogation of minor and juvenile witnesses during the litigation, the study defined the principles of child-friendly justice that must be observed during this procedural action, as well as the guarantees stipulated by the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine and aimed at implementing international standards for ensuring the rights of minors in criminal proceedings. The authors of this study state that the legislative definition of requirements imposed separately on the teacher, psychologist, and doctor involved in the interrogation of minor or juvenile witnesses, as well as the procedure for involving such persons by the court and the pre-trial investigation body, would considerably improve the quality of the required aid to minor witnesses and would meet international standards. The study analyses the international practices concerning the introduction of the institution of representation in the litigation of pre-recorded testimony of minors and juvenile witnesses. The authors established that the introduction of such an institution is absolutely justified and will have an exceptionally positive effect both for minor and juvenile witnesses, as well as for the process of proof, and can be implemented in Ukrainian legislation. Scientific proposals have been developed to improve the legislative regulation of the interrogation of minor and juvenile witnesses during court proceedings

scholarly journals One-Sided and Incomplete Investigation of the Circumstances of the Case in Adversarial Criminal Proceedings

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 140-148
Author(s):  
E. A. Perova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Case ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Procedural Code ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One ◽  
Court Practice

Art. 389.15 of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation contains a closed list of grounds for reversing or altering court rulings. The one-sidedness and incompleteness of the investigation of the factual circumstances of the criminal case is not indicated as one of such grounds. A one-sided or incomplete investigation of the factual circumstances of the case taken place in the course of criminal proceedings can influence the justness of the sentence. This conclusion follows from the analysis of the court practice formed after the 2013 reform. One of the goals of this reform was to obtain a “definitive judgment” upon completion of the appeal. Despite this, during the implementation of the reform, Article 389.15 of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation, which establishes the list of grounds for reversing or altering court rulings, was not brought into line with the objectives of the reform. The law does not provide for such a ground as an incorrect investigation by the court of the factual circumstances of the criminal case, despite the numerous facts of revealing this violation by the courts of controlling authority.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF THE EXPERT’S CONCLUSION IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS IN THE COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
O. Kuchynska ◽  
O. Pylypchuk
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Procedural Code ◽  
Expert’S Opinion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
Court Of First Instance

The article deals with the problematic issues of research of the expert conclusion during the trial and proposed variants of their legislative settlement. The current Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine does not regulate the issue of the procedure for investigating the expert’s opinion, in particular: it does not indicate the subject, which announces it during the court proceedings; it does not regulate the issue of volume, which must be declared; there are no means and methods to study expert conclusion.

Legal Nature of Private Video Recordings as Evidence in Criminal Proceedings

De Jure ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergana Ivanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Electronic Evidence ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Dual Treatment

The article analyzes the legal nature of private video recordings as evidence in criminal proceedings through the prism of the increasing development of technology and the concept of electronic evidence. The main emphasis in the paper is placed on the derivation of a definition of this particular source of evidence and the possibilities for its dual treatment as physical and non-physical evidence.

CONCERNING THE STRUCTURE OF PUBLIC LEGAL INTEREST IN CRIMINAL COURT PROCEEDINGS

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Алексей Викторович Дашин ◽  
Петр Михайлович Малин ◽  
Алексей Васильевич Пивень
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Public Authority ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
House Arrest ◽  
Legitimate Interest ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
Constituent Elements

В статье анализируется структура публичного законного интереса в уголовном судопроизводстве, входящих в него элементов на примере института домашнего ареста. Авторская модель публичного законного интереса участников уголовного процесса «привязана» к стадийности и может распространяться не только на вопросы, связанные с мерами пресечения. По мнению авторов, публичный законный интерес в контексте рассматриваемой проблемы воплощается в жизнь на основе нормативно установленного действия, содержащего конкретно сформулированные правила, устанавливающие четко определенные права и обязанности участников правоотношений. Данная деятельность сопряжена с определенными этапами (стадиями), которые в той или иной степени характерны соответствующей мере пресечения, и возможна в той стадии, где осуществляется оценка действий, предпринятых должностным лицом, осуществляющим производство по уголовному делу. Реализация публичного законного интереса, заявленного следователем, дознавателем на избрание домашнего ареста, зависит от того, как соответствующие устремления оценят другие должностные лица - руководитель следственного органа, прокурор (не обладающие правами реализации публичного законного интереса), то есть от их усмотрения. Законодатель не предоставляет следователю, дознавателю возможность «непосредственно» обратиться в суд - участнику процесса, наделенному правом реализовать их устремление на избрание меры пресечения. Подобные «преграды» не предусмотрены в законе для иных участников уголовного процесса, не наделенных публичной властью и стремящихся реализовать свой законный интерес. The article analyzes the structure of public legitimate interest in criminal proceedings, its constituent elements on the example of the institution of house arrest. The author's model of the public legitimate interest of participants in the criminal process is «tied» to the stage and can extend not only to issues related to preventive measures. According to the authors, public legitimate interest in the context of the problem under consideration is brought to life on the basis of a normatively established action containing specifically formulated rules establishing clearly defined rights and obligations of participants in legal relations. This activity is associated with certain phases (stages) that are more or less characteristic of the corresponding measure of restraint, and is possible at the stage where the actions taken by the official conducting the criminal proceedings are evaluated. The realization of the public legitimate interest declared by the investigator, the investigating officer for the election of house arrest depends on how the relevant intentions will be evaluated by other officials - the head of the investigative body, the prosecutor (who do not have the rights to realize the public legitimate interest), i.e. on their discretion. The legislator does not give the investigator, the inquirer the opportunity to turn «directly» to the court - a participant in the process, entitled to realize their intentions for the election of measures of restrain. Such «barriers» are not provided in the law for other participants in the criminal process who are not endowed with public authority and who seek to realize their legitimate interest.

scholarly journals Standard of proof «sufficient reason» in the criminal procedure of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
M. Pohoretskiy ◽  
O. Mitskan
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Sufficient Reason ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Process ◽  
Standard Of Proof ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Procedural Code ◽  
Reasonable Suspicion ◽  
Procedural Decisions

Based on the results of analysis of foreign doctrine, foreign procedural legislation, foreign law enforcement practice, the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. In the article explores problematic issues of the application of the standard of proof “sufficient reason” in the domestic criminal process. The relevance of the article is that the standard of proof “sufficient reason” or “probable cause” in the system of standard of proof in the domestic criminal process has a special place and using to accept most procedural decisions at the pre-trial investigation. The purpose of the article is to substantiation the main direction of using in the criminal proceed of Ukraine standard of proof “sufficient reason” taking into account the legal nature of this standard. In the article proved that “sufficient reason” is the standard of proof in the criminal proceed of Ukraine execution of which is based on “common sense” and in the factual analysis (assessment) of the whole set of facts and circumstance in their integrity, authorized entities with the use of special knowledges and experience on establishing “sufficient reason” for making appropriate procedural decision. Implementation of the standard of proof “sufficient reason” as well as “reasonable suspicion” doesn`t envisage a lack of doubt as guilty of the person. Sufficient is a possible knowledge about committing criminal offence by person with the difference that for the highest standard measures have to be higher. Moreover, within “flexible” standard of proof “sufficient reason” of the level of probability can also vary, depending on how much negatively appropriate procedural decision will affect the rights of the person. Prove that in the current Criminal procedural code of Ukraine the standard of proof “sufficient reason” is used to accept most procedural decisions at the pre-trial investigation stage in criminal proceedings, when the most reasonable suspicion of a committing person criminal offence is insufficient due to significant restrictions on human rights as a result of appropriate decision. At that, the flexible nature of the standard of evidence "sufficient reason", which consists in the required measure conviction the appropriate standard from the circumstances of the specific criminal proceedings, allows you to assert its suitability for Making a wide range of procedural decisions. Standard of proof “sufficient reason” is used for adoption of such procedural decisions: on the application of certain measures to ensure criminal proceedings; in addressing the issue of applying precautionary measures as a variety of measures to ensure criminal proceedings; in addressing the issue of individual investigative (detective) actions; in addressing the issue of granting permission for secret investigative (detective) actions and deciding on the use of the results of unspoken investigative actions in other criminal proceedings; when deciding on the placement of the person in the receiver-allocator for children (Part 4 art. 499 of the Criminal procedural code of Ukraine).

scholarly journals An investigation into particular provisions on criminal proceedings against corporate bodies in the Criminal Proceedings Code 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quốc Toản Trịnh
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Current Period ◽  
First Time

With the aim of preventing crimes in current period, the Vietnamese state for the first time has established criminal liability of commercial corporate bodies in the Criminal Proceedings Code 2015 (amended in 2017). This Code also provides procedures to prosecute corporate bodies. The author investigates and analyses provisions of the Criminal Proceedings Code 2015 regarding criminal procedures against corporate bodies, in order to point out shortcomings and recommend amendments.

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