scholarly journals DOCTOR OF MEDICINE JACOB REINEGGS ON SHAMKHALATE OF TARKI

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-359
Author(s):  
Bagomed G. Aliev
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Local Population ◽  
German Language ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Good Source ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Civil Strife ◽  
History Of ◽  
Source Of Information

The article presents a historiographic analysis of information about Shamkhalate of Tarki, collected by Jacob Reineggs. In his work “Allegemeine historisch-topographische Beschreibund des Kaukasus” (“General Historical and Topographical Description of the Caucasus”), published post-mortem in the German language in 1796, two paragraphs (47 and 48) are dedicated to Shamkhalate of Tarki. In paragraph 47 Reineggs briefly dwells on the Shamkhals, who ruled over this domain in the 18th century, from where it had been reported on their relations with Russia, Persia and Turkey, as well as on a civil strife in Shamkhalate. Paragraph 48 describes the domain itself: its borders, settlements, household, its capital Targu, features of the Shamkhalate relations with dependent and neighbouring domains and rural communities.Relevance of the work lies in the need for a critical analysis of the information provided by the author of the work. Reineggs, who visited the Caucasus five times, is often cited as a source of information on the medieval history of Dagestan. The study of the J. Reineggs’ text was carried out by comparing the author’s information with the information about the Shamkhalate of Tarki from other sources.The analysis has shown that the author made incorrect assertions about the reasons for the change of the capital of Shamkhalate of Tarki; about robberies of the local population being one of their activities; about the particular language of the residents of Karabudakhkent, in the description of Areak (Arakana) and Erpeli as villages whose population spoke one language intrinsic only to them. Nevertheless, the "General Historical and Topographical Description of the Caucasus" is regarded by the author of the article as a good source on the history of Shamkhalate of Tarki, as it was written by a traveler based on his personal impressions.

scholarly journals Newtonian Optics and the Historiography of Light in the 18th Century: A critical Analysis of Joseph Priestley’s The History of Optics

2018 ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breno Moura
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Optical Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Joseph Priestley ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
History Of Optics ◽  
The Prestige

In 1772, Joseph Priestley published The History and Present State of Discoveries Relating to Vision, Light and Colours, also known as The History of Optics. The book intended to present all the achievements in the matter of light and colors, from the Ancient times to the 18th century. This paper presents a study of the content of The History of Optics, in order to analyze how it sold Newtonian optics in the historiography of light. It will comprise discussions on Priestley’s views on History, his involvement with optical studies, his perceptions on Newtonian optics and the Biographical Chart included in the book. This analysis can add new elements for the current Historiography on Priestley, clarifying other aspects that demonstrate his commitment to a Newtonian view of the History of Optics, as well as an example of the prestige that Newton’s Natural Philosophy had throughout the 18th century. 

scholarly journals Aproximación al estudio de las antigüedades en la América española en el siglo XVIII a través de tres instrucciones

2017 ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Alicia León Gómez ◽  
Raquel Gil Fernández
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Personal Property ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Colonial Archaeology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Source Of Information

Resumen: En este artículo analizamos tres instrucciones emitidas en el siglo XVIII en las que se alude al tratamiento de vestigios arqueológicos de la América española. A través de ellas podemos observar la evolución en la concepción imperante en cada momento sobre los restos arqueológicos, y cómo se va trascendiendo desde la perspectiva anticuarista hasta una nueva corriente en la que se empiezan a tratar como fuente de información. Centrándonos en los capítulos dedicados a antigüedades, analizaremos el cuerpo de las instrucciones redactadas por Franco Dávila, Antonio de Ulloa y José de Estacharía y el tratamiento que se recomienda en las mismas para los restos muebles e inmuebles hallados en la América Colonial.Palabras clave: Instrucciones, Historia de la arqueología de la América Colonial, anticuarismo, novatores, antigüedades americanasAbstract: In this article, we analyse three sets of instructions, issued in the 18th century, referring to the treatment of the archaeological vestiges of Spanish America. Through them we can trace the evolution of the prevailing idea concerning archaeological remains at every moment, and how a shift from the antiquarian perspective to a new trend will allow them to be treated as a source of information. We analyse the body of instructions written by Franco Davila, Antonio de Ulloa and José de Estacharía, focusing on the chapters dedicated to antiques, which recommended treatment for the remains and personal property found in Colonial America.Key words: Instructions, History of the American Colonial archaeology, antiquarianism, novatores, American antiques 

Armenia in Chinese Sources

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-190
Author(s):  
Liu Yingsheng ◽  
Ralph Kauz
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Materia Medica ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Profound Knowledge ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chinese Texts ◽  
Early 18Th Century ◽  
Wei Dynasty

AbstractThis paper discusses several toponyms in Chinese sources, which may possibly be identified with Armenia. First, Aman country, which can be found in the "History of the Later Han" (compiled 3rd–5th centuries) and in the "Account of the Wei Dynasty" (compiled between 239 and 265), is discussed, and it is suggested that there are reasons for an identification, though doubts remain. Armenia was well known by the Mongols and the "Korean Worldmap", which originates in Chinese geographical scholarship during the Mongol period and depicts possibly even Greater and Lesser Armenia. Another source of that period that mentions Armenia is "Muslim Prescriptions" (Huihui yaofang), which names Armenian materia medica known in China. Finally, two other Chinese geographical texts of the 16th and early 18th century that deal with Armenia and the Caucasus region are discussed. This paper shows that Armenia was described in Chinese texts since at least the Mongol period, and that China had a profound knowledge of the geographical situation in Western Asia.

scholarly journals Extracts on the history of the Golden Horde from the Shajar-yi turk va mugūl

2021 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-146
Author(s):  
Z. Tulibayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The article analyzes information on the history of the Golden Horde, contained in the seventh article of historical work of Abū al-Gāzī khan Chīngīzī Khvārazmī the Shajara-yi turk va mugūl, which is one of the most significant monuments of Turkic written heritage. The purpose of the study is the introduction into scientific circulation of a new translation of valuable material on the history of the Chingizids. The work Shajara-yi turk va mugūl is well known to scientists as the text of the manuscript. Its translations have been being published numerously in European, Asian countries, and in Russia since the second quarter of the 18th century. Translations by J. J. P. Desmaisons and G. S. Sablukov into French and Russian published in 1874 and 1906 are still recognized by scientists to a certain extent acceptable for critical use. However, it should be emphasized that in the text of these two publications, there are some errors and semantic distortions of the source’s text. In this regard, the article provides a commented translation of the seventh chapter of Abū al-Gāzī khan’s work under the title “Mention of the reign of Jochi Khan, the eldest son of Genghis Khan, and his descendants in Desht-i Kipchāk”. The comparative-critical analysis of the information of the Shajara-yi turk va mugūl with the data of the works of Rashīd ad-Dīn, Mu’īn al-Dīn Natanzī, Mirza Ulūgbek, Fasih Ahmad al-Khawāfī made it possible to reveal the similarities and differences in the account of the historical events described by the authors. Abū alGāzī khan, using extant sources, supplemented the history of the rulers of the Golden Horde with individual facts; the Khiva work contains information missing from other authors.

Deutschsprachige Vorlesungen und ihr textuelles Umfeld in historischer Perspektive: Systematisierungsaspekte und Fallbeispiele

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-555
Author(s):  
Thomas Gloning
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
German Language ◽  
List Type ◽  
Academic Education ◽  
Conditioning Factors ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Developments

Abstract The history of German-language lectures has been unfolding since the 18th century. However, it is not well researched with regard to many aspects of language use and text use, although lectures have played and continue to play a central role in the history of academic education. This paper focuses on four perspectives: the role of language and text use for knowledge organisation in lectures (in their respective multimodal and performative contexts); the interplay of lectures with forms of preparation and reception, which together constitute a systematically organised „communicative ecology“; the question of the specific tasks and conditioning factors of language use in the lectures of different disciplines and subject zones; and finally, the question of historical developments, which can be determined, among other things, by media developments and by changes in scientific principles. The discussion of examples from the history of German-language lectures, varied according to time and subjects, will illustrate the research programme.

scholarly journals New Approach to the Imperial History of Russia in the 18th Century. Review of: Vulpius, R. (2020). Die Geburt des Russlдndischen Imperiums. Herrschaftskonzepte und -praktiken im 18. Jahrhundert. Beitrдge zur Geschichte Osteuropas. Kцln: Böhlau Verlag GmbH. 610 S.

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-325
Author(s):  
Elena V. Borodina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Far East ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Far East ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

The review analyses Die Geburt des Russländischen Imperiums. Herrschaftskonzepte und -praktiken im 18. Jahrhundert. Beiträge zur Geschichte Osteuropas (The Birth of the Russian Empire: Concepts and Practices of Domination in the 18th Century) by Ricarda Vulpius. The author of the monograph focuses on the question of when Russia became an empire. Vulpius pays special attention to the discussion around this problem in relation to the eighteenth century and offers her own solution to the problem using the Begriffsgeschichte methodology. The historian connects such concepts as imperial discourse and colonialism. In her opinion, a major role in the formation of the imperial idea in Russia was played by the development of the territories of Siberia and the Far East, the Caucasus and the lands inhabited by Bashkirs, Kalmyks, and Kazakhs. Despite the thoroughness of the work carried out, the book is not without drawbacks. They are due to the narrowness of the source base of the study and the impossibility of using the Begriffsgeschichte approach in analysing the structures created for the management of the indigenous population of the Russian Empire.

scholarly journals Starodruki pochodzące z Archiwum Aktów Dawnych Miasta Krakowa w zasobie bibliotecznym Archiwum Narodowego w Krakowie. Wstępne rozpoznanie, analiza proweniencji

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 73-97
Author(s):  
Bożena Lesiak-Przybył
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Provenance Analysis ◽  
Current State ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
National Archives ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Town ◽  
Source Of Information

Early printed books from the Krakow Town Archives of Former Records in the resources of the National Archives in Krakow. Initial investigation, provenance analysis The collection of early printed books stored in the National Archives in Krakow has not been processed so far. This article aims to approximate the current state of knowledge regarding the contents of the collection. The historic book collection of the Archives, represented by both Polish and foreign printed books covering various subjects, numbers slightly over 650 works issued before 1801. Included in this number are 28 early printed books from the 16th century, 210 from the 17th century and 413 from the 18th century. The oldest one – Liber horarum canonicarum secundum veram rubricam sive notulam ecclesiae Cracoviensis – was issued in 1508 by the publishing house of Jan Haller in Krakow. The origins of the early printed books vary – they come from donations, acquisitions of archival materials as well as purchases. The greatest number come from donations, with the following donors worthy of special mention: Ambroży Grabowski, Józef Seruga and Franciszek Biesiadecki, as well as Józef Muczkowski, Karol Estreicher and others. An invaluable part of the collection (61 works) are the printed books from the library of Hieronim Pinocci (1612–1676), a merchant, royal secretary and diplomat, acquired from the town archives at the end of the 19th century. Many works, especially those concerning the history of Krakow, were also purchased using the funds of the Archives. The early printed books gathered in the library of the National Archives in Krakow create a particularly valuable collection, which may also be a source of information concerning provenance.

scholarly journals Architecture of Bogorodskoe village of the Tomsk province

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
E. V. Sitnikova ◽  
M. I. Rubanova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
Tomsk Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Village ◽  
Rich History

Purpose: Description of the building architecture in the village of Bogorodskoye in the middle Ob region. The emergence of the village, its planning and architecture of individual objects are studied. The low level of study of the historical and cultural heritage of the Tomsk region villages as well as the problem of preservation of historical settlements determines the relevance of this paper.Research methods: The critical analysis of the literature and the comparative architectural analysisPractical implication: The obtained results can be used in lectures, reports and messages on the history of the Siberian architecture. Theoretical works of scientists, historians and architects concerning the architecture in the village of Bogorodskoye, and field research conducted by the authors in 2021.Originality/value: The historical and cultural heritage of the Tomsk province settlement is not previously studied and published. It is shown that Bogorodskoe village has a rich history and great historical, cultural and natural potential. In this connection, it is necessary to pay attention to preservation and development of this historical settlement founded at the beginning of the 18th century.

scholarly journals The “Galiya” Madrasah as Ufa Muslim community public institution (based on the materials of the “Tormysh” newspaper)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
A. V. Akhtyamova
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Newspaper ◽  
The City ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Source Of Information

Urban Muslim culture with large seats of public education has long been attracting the minds of researchers. In the 19th–20th centuries the city of Ufa became one of the centers of Tatar education and culture. From 1865 to 1908, the percentage of Muslims in the provincial centre increased from 4,33% to 18,03%. In 1906 the “Galiya”, the third madrasah, was founded in Ufa. During the 1913–1914 academic year, 10,7% of all shakirds studied exactly in this madrasah. At that time the main source of information for the Tatar-speaking population of Ufa was the “Tormysh” (“Life”) newspaper, the pages of which often highlighted the topics concerning the history of the “Galiya” madrasah. The article provides some information about the editors and publishers of the newspaper. Some facts help us to conclude that the pages of the national newspaper often refl ected the spiritual and educational work conducted by teachers and shakirds of the madrassah for the sake of the local population. In general, the analysis of the publications reveals the great infl uence of the madrasah on the social and cultural environment of the Urban Muslim community.

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