scholarly journals Influence of cadmium on the cellular part of the immune system of young cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Y. Y. Lavryshyn ◽  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
K. Y. Leskiv ◽  
I. I. Hariv ◽  
L. H. Yevtukh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Control Group ◽  
T Suppressors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

The article presents the results of research on the effect of cadmium load on the body of young cattle. The negative effect of Cadmium on the liver causes a wide range of pathological changes at different levels of its organization. The impact of heavy metals on the immune system is particularly significant, because it performs a leading role in maintaining health and is recognized as one of the most sensitive to adverse factors, even in relatively low concentrations. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of cadmium on the cellular part of the immune system of young cattle. The research was carried out on 10 bulls of six months of age, Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed, which were formed into 2 groups of 5 animals each: control and experimental. The bulls of the control group were on a normal diet. Animals of the experimental group were administered cadmium chloride at a dose of 0.04 mg/kg body weight of the animal. It was found that feeding bulls with a diet of cadmium chloride, the number of B-lymphocytes on the 5th day of the experiment was 17.54 ± 0.95 %. The lowest number of B-lymphocytes was on the 20th day of testing – 15.12 ± 0.37 %. The study of the number of T-lymphocytes shows that at the beginning of analysis the number of T-lymphocytes in the blood of animals of the control and experimental groups ranged from 40.70 ± 3.62 and 40.85 ± 2.54 %. Subsequently, the number of T-lymphocytes in the blood of the experimental group began to decline. The lowest number of T-lymphocytes was in the experimental group of animals on the 20th day of the research, compared with the control group, this figure decreased by 3.63 %. The state of immunity of animals under cadmium load significantly depends on the ratio of T-helpers to T-suppressors. It was found that the immunoregulatory index of blood of bulls of the experimental group probably decreased from 10 days of the research. The number of T-helper lymphocytes in the blood of the experimental group of bulls under cadmium loading is probably reduced by 15, 20 and 30 days of testing. A probable increase in the number of T-suppressors was noted in the bull's blood of the experimental group on the 20th day of the research. Immunoglobulins of different classes are crucial among bull’s serum proteins under cadmium loading. The concentration of immunoglobulins in the blood under cadmium load decreased by 15.9 % relative to the control group on the 20th day of analysis.

scholarly journals CLINICAL EFFECTS OF HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULIN ADMINISTRATION IN WOMEN WITH RHESUS SENSITIZATION AT THE PRE-GRAVID STAGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
S. G. Chernievskaya ◽  
N. M. Rozhkovska ◽  
V. G. Marichereda ◽  
T. O. Yermolenko
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Human Immunoglobulin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Suppressors

The aim of the study – to evaluate changes in cellular immunity in rhesus-sensitized women in response to IVIG administration and the prognostic effectiveness of a method for the prevention of isoimmunization in the next pregnancy. Materials and Methods. The study was performed on the basis of City Maternity Hospital No. 7" (Odesa) in 2014–2019. 37 rhesus-sensitized women were randomly splited in two clinical groups: main clinical group (n=19) where patients received human immunoglobulin for intravenous administration, and control group (n=18) where patients did not receive IVIG. Results and Discussion. The state of cellular immunity in rhesus-sensitized women is characterized by a moderate decrease in the absolute and relative indices of T-lymphocytes while increasing the number of B-lymphocytes. The NK cell population did not differ from the control group. When analyzing subpopulations of T-lymphocytes, it can be concluded that the number of T-helper cells is increased and the number of T-suppressors is proportionally reduced. These changes explain the increase in the number of B-lymphocytes as a result of increasing antigenic load on cell receptors. In the group of women who received IVIG therapy, the ratio of chances of normalization of cellular immunity was 18.41 (95 % CI 2.62–166.74), T-helper – 14.93 (95 % CI) 2.45–107.8), T-suppressors – 14.57 (95 % CI 2.13 –127.57) and B-lymphocytes – 31.87 (95 % CI 4.1–333.41). According to the ROC analysis, the quality of the statistical model of IVIG application corresponds to AUC = 0.843 (95 % CI 0.689–0.941) According to the ROC analysis, the level of β-lymphocytes in the compared AUC groups = 0.58 (95 % CI 0.405–0.742).

scholarly journals Cellular immunity of rabbits incase of parasite association (Treponema cuniculi and Eimeria sp.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (96) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Y. V. Duda
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
T Helpers ◽  
Experimental Group

Despite a huge number of studies, the uniqueness of antiparasitic immunity is so great that there is still insufficient knowledge of the factors contributing to the manifestation of the characteristics of immunity in mixed parasitic diseases of rabbits. Therefore, the question of the influence of the association of pathogens Treponema cuniculi and Eimeria sp. on indicators of cellular immunity of rabbits is relevant. The study was conducted on 59 male rabbits age 3–5 months of the Californian breed, selected by analogy. Animal were separated into two groups: healthy animals (control group) and sick animals (research group). Intensity of invasion was determined by the method of the Mac-Master. It has been established that the level of damage of rabbits by spirochetosis and eimeriosis was, on average, 1155.17 ± 184.87 and 6668.97 ± 284.16 pathogens in 1 g of feces. The count of T- and B-lymphocytes was determined by the method of spontaneous rosette-formation with sheep erythrocytes. Parasitizing the association of pathogens Treponema cuniculi and Eimeria sp. was revealed a high number of leukocytes (1.22 times, P < 0.001), which increased mainly due to lymphocytes, which were 1.45 times higher (P < 0.001), as well as neutrophilic metamyelocytes – 1.48 times (P < 0.05), eosinophils – 1.68 times (P < 0.001) and basophils – 1.57 times (P < 0.001) compared with similar blood parameters of healthy animals. In the blood of sick rabbits, the absolute number of T-lymphocytes (1.56 times, P < 0.001) and B-lymphocytes (3.02 times, P < 0.001) was significantly higher in comparison with a low number of O-lymphocytes (3.46 times, P < 0.001) compared with the control. This indicates the redistribution of lymphocytes to cells that carry T and B lymphocyte receptors on the plasma membrane. The absolute number of T-lymphocytes became high due to T-helpers, which in these animals were higher both in absolute (1.87 times, P < 0.001) and percentage (by 9.18%, P < 0.001) compared to control. Moreover, the percentage of T-suppressors in the blood of rabbits of the experimental group was significantly lower on 5.46% (P < 0.05) compared with the same blood count of healthy animals. Such a redistribution of the T-cell population in the peripheral blood of this group of rabbits led to an increase in the immunoregulatory index by 1.64 times (P < 0.01) than in healthy ones. High IRI and the number of T-active lymphocytes (by 28.23%, P < 0.05) in the blood of rabbits with parasitism of the association of pathogens Treponema cuniculi and Eimeria sp. indicate increased immune system tension.

scholarly journals Morphological blood indices of bulls in experimental chronic cadmium toxico-sis

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (88) ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Y. Lavryshyn ◽  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
O. R. Palyadichuk ◽  
V. Y. Vishchur
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Active Forms Of Oxygen ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Experimental Group

The article presents the results of research on the influence of cadmium load on the body of young cattle. The purpose of the work was to investigate morphological indices of bulls blood during the development of experimental chronic cadmium toxicity. According to the morphological analysis of the quantitative and qualitative composition of blood, it is possible to deem objectively about the functional state of the hematopoietic system of the organism of young cattle. The research was  conducted (on the basis of the farm of the village of Ivanivtsi, Zhydachiv rayon of the Lviv region) on 10 bulls of six months old, Ukrainian black-and-white milk breed, which were formed in 2 groups of 5 animals in each: control and experimental. Bulls of the control group were in the usual diet. Bulls of the experimental group were fed with a feed with cadmium chloride at a dose of 0.04 mg/kg body weight of the animal. It has been established that feeding Bulls with cadmium chloride in a dose of 0.04 mg/kg of body weight contributed to a decrease in hemoglobin to 84.5 ± 1.60 g/l and an increase in the content of methemoglobin to 5.2 ± 0.099%. The decrease in hemoglobin levels is due to the toxic effect of cadmium on erythrocytes, resulting in damage to erythrocyte membranes and increased content of methemoglobin. Formation of methemoglobin in bull blood during cadmium loading occurs as a result of oxidation of hemoglobin with the formation of superoxide anion, which in turn triggers (begins) free radical processes and exerts a destructive effect on cell membranes, as well as initiates the appearance of other active forms of oxygen. Feeding calcium cadmium chloride in a dose of 0.04 mg/kg contributed to a decrease in the number of erythrocytes in their blood. At day 20 of the experiment, the number of erythrocytes decreased by 14% relative to the control group. Decreasing the number of erythrocytes in the blood of young cattle may have been due to the inhibition of their production in the bone marrow. An important morphological indicator of blood is the determination of the average content of hemoglobin in one erythrocyte, which indicates the saturation of erythrocyte with hemoglobin. It was found that the average hemoglobin content in one erythrocyte of the bulls of the experimental group increased by 11.4 and 13.9% for 5 and 10 days. According to the results of the research, the reduction of the hematocrit values in the experimental group of bulls was detected at 10, 15 and 20 days of the experiment. A significant increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood of the bulls of the experimental group was observed at 15 days of the experiment, according to the control group indicators, it increased by 12%.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Holistic School Improvement Model in Enhancing School Effectiveness in Oman

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 187-200
Author(s):  
Abdo Mohamed Al-Mekhlafi ◽  
Mohamed El Tahir Osman
Keyword(s):  
School Improvement ◽  
School Performance ◽  
School Effectiveness ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose - This study examined the impact of a holistic school improvement model on overall school effectiveness, More specifically, it attempted to answer two questions: 1) Are there any significant differences in school performance between the control group and the experimental group before and after the experiment? 2) Is there any significant improvement in the experimental group school effectiveness before and after the experiment? Methodology - As a part of a four-year longitudinal research project, the study used a quasi experimental research design to examine the impact of a holistic school improvement model on enhancing overall school effectiveness in Oman. The sample consisted of 16 intact classes selected from 8 schools (4 experimental and 4 control groups), with a total of 2378 students (1157 from grade nine classes and 1221 from grade seven classes). The experimental group schools were exposed to a wide range of school improvement activities within a four-year period. A series of workshops on activating the 13 elements of the Innovation Sustainability Wheel (ISW) were delivered to all administrators and teachers at the target experimental group schools, in addition to empowering students through enrichment programs in five subject areas. Data was collected from the Omani Ministry of Education school performance indicators, which included five subject matter achievement tests aggregated over three years. Findings - The study revealed significant differences in overall school performance across the four years between the control and experimental schools, in favour of the experimental group. Moreover, a significant progression of school effectiveness was observed in the two grade levels of the experimental group. Significance - The findings are significant in terms of providing educational systems with a workable mechanism for identifying key areas of weaknesses and means of improvement; establishing a chain of actions for activating all interrelated elements that act as driving forces for sustainable change; ensuring that the indicators of school improvement should include both operational processes and students’ learning outcomes; and contributing to the knowledge base in the area of school improvement in terms of a research-based model that has potential implications for practitioners and policy makers.

scholarly journals Protein synthesize function of bulls liver at experimental chronic cadmium toxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (94) ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Y. Lavryshyn ◽  
B. V. Gutyj
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Experimental Group

The article presents the results of studies on the influence of cadmium load on the body of young cattle. The adverse effect of Cadmium on the liver causes a wide range of pathological changes at various levels of its organization. The purpose of the work was to investigate protein synthesize function on the liver of bulls for experimental chronic cadmium toxicity. The research was carried out on the basis of a farm at the village Ivanivtsi, Zhydachiv district of Lviv region, on 10 bulls of six months old, Ukrainian black-and-white milk breed, which were formed in 2 groups of 5 animals in each: control and experimental. Bulls of the control group were in the usual diet. Bulls of the experimental group were fed with forage with cadmium chloride at a dose of 0.04 mg/kg body weight of the animal. The research lasted for 30 days. Protein synthesize function of the liver was determined by the level of serum total protein and protein fractions. It was established that when feeding cows with feed of cadmium chloride in a dose of 0.04 mg/kg of body weight of an animal for 30 days in animals suppressed protein synthesize function of the liver, which manifests itself by lowering the total protein of blood. It reached the lowest level at the 20th day of the experiment, where, accordingly, it fluctuated within the limits of 61.9 ± 1.14 g/l. Reducing the level of total protein in the blood of the bulls of the experimental group under cadmium loading was due to lowering the level of albumin. At day 20 of the experiment, the level of albumin in the blood of animals in the experimental group decreased by 16.5%. On the background of general hypoproteinemia there is a significant imbalance between albumins and globulins in serum of diseased animals. It was established that the level of globulins increased in the blood of Bulls, which were under cadmium load. Increasing the level of globulins in blood serum of bulls reflects the intensity of inflammatory processes in their body for cadmium loading.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Cellular Factors of the Immune System of Arctic Foxes (Vulpes lagopus) on the Background of Mixtinvasion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Kuznetsov ◽  
Nadezhda Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vulpes Lagopus ◽  
T Suppressors ◽  
Arctic Foxes ◽  
Cellular Factors ◽  
T Helpers

The article presents data on the dynamics of cellular immune system factors of the arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) while being affected by mixtinvasion of protozoa (Isospora vulpina) and helminth (Toxascaris leonina). The changes in the blood cell composition, in particular those responsible for the body’s immunity and immune status, reflect the pathological effect of the endoparasites on the animal’s body. The development of the invasive process during mixtinvasions causes and is accompanied by a decrease in the level of nonspecific resistance of the host organism. In addition, a significant process of inhibition of the lysozyme complementary activity in the blood serum and the development of secondary immunodeficiencies is observed. The aim of our work was to study the development of the pathological process in arctic foxes, caused by previously detected mixtinvasion by eimeriidoses and helminthiases, as well as to identify dynamical patterns of the immune system cellular factors. Intravital diagnostics of parasitoses was carried out by means of coproscopic studies with the help of conventional flotation methods. 127 arctic foxes participated in the experiment. Among them individuals with double invasion, an invasion with both protozoa (placeI. vulpina) and helminth (T. leonina), were selected for the experiment. Healthy animals served as the control group. Arctic foxes which took part in the experiment were divided into three groups of 10 animals each. Groups were formed by the method of balanced analogous groups. Evaluation of the T-system of immunity was carried out by the method of spontaneous rosetting according to Jondal (1972). Isolation of lymphocytes by the method of A. Boyum (1968), B-lymphocytes were determined by the method of E. Mendes (1973), theophylline-resistant and theophylline-sensitive T-lymphocytes were determined using the method of S. Limatibul et.al. (1978). The immunoregulation index was calculated by the ratio of T-helpers to T-suppressors. During the experiment, it was found that in infected animals the total number of lymphocytes was significantly 10.2 % higher than in animals in the control group, however, there was a tendency to a sharp decrease in the total number of lymphocytes in patients with I. vulpina + T. leonina. The T-helper dynamics in infected foxes was 18.9 ± 0.9 (P≤0.05), which is 21.9 % less than in the control – 24.2 ± 0.6 (P≤0, 05). The dynamics of T-suppressors turned out to be directly opposite to the dynamics of the T-helpers. The dynamics of B-lymphocytes in the 2nd group turned out to be 1.76 times higher than in animals from the control. In the 3rd group same indicator was comparable with the control values of 2.9 ± 0.3, against 2.5 ± 0.4 in the control group. The study showed that mixtinvasion with placeI. vulpina + T. leonina leads to immunosuppression in the arctic foxes. Interestingly the specific therapy did not straighten the immune state of the animals, but on the contrary it became more pronounced, which suggests that antiparasitic drugs have an immunosuppressive nature on the body of arctic foxes as evidenced by violations of the parameters of the body’s natural resistance, the content of T-E-ROCK lymphocytes.

scholarly journals The Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation as an Adjuvant Therapy on the Abundance of Treg Cells in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payam Payandeh ◽  
Maryam Rastin ◽  
Farzaneh Iravani ◽  
Maryam Khoshkhui ◽  
pouran Layegh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract BackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory, and severely Pruritus cutaneous disease that has an immunologic base. The most common treatments are topical steroids, which bring many adverse side effects. Vitamin D can adjust the immune system; therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of vitamin D on the abundance of Treg cells in AD patients. MethodsIn this interventional study, 40 subjects who completed the intervention were enrolled, including 20 AD patients (as the experimental group) and 20 healthy subjects (as the control group). Accordingly, the subjects whose vitamin D levels was less than 30 ng/ml were assigned to receive vitamin D (1000 IU) daily for a 2-month duration. The severity of AD was evaluated based on SCORAD (Scoring Atopic Dermatitis) and the amount of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells was also assessed using Flow cytometry. ResultsAverage serum level of vitamin D before performing the treatment in the experimental (14/90±4/5) and control groups (15/95±5/0) was lower than that of after the treatment (experimental group 24/60±5/2 and control group 23/60±7/3) (P<0.001). As well, there was a significant difference between the average scores of SCORAD after the vitamin D intervention (P<0.001). The amount of Treg cells significantly increased in the experimental group (P=0.002, Diff=0.35) after performing the intervention.Conclusionit was found that besides conventional medicines, Vitamin D can be adjusted as an effective complementary therapy by modulating the immune system.Trial registration: IRCT20150716023235N13, Registered 11 Feb 2018, https://www.irct.ir

Impact of an educative program on dialysis patients’ knowledge and mental health: controlled before and after program

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 20204
Author(s):  
Laetitia Idier ◽  
Aurélie Untas ◽  
Nicole Rascle ◽  
Michèle Koleck ◽  
Maider Aguirrezabal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Emotional Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction:Psychological impact of Therapeutic Patient Education (TPE) for dialysis patients is rarely evaluated since the focus of many studies is on medical variables (i.e., adherence).Objectives:The aims of this study were: 1) to estimate the impact of a TPE program on knowledge, depression and anxiety, 2) to examine change in knowledge as a mediator of the effects of a TPE program on mental health.Method:This study was conducted in three hemodialysis units and comprised two groups: an experimental group with education and a control group with routine care. The program was based of 5 educative sessions. Knowledge, depressive and anxious symptoms were assessed with self-reported outcomes measured before and 3 months after the program.Results:The sample comprised 125 patients. Knowledge about vascular access and nutrition (p < 0.01) and depressive symptoms increased in the experimental group (p < 0.01). Analysis of mediation showed that changes in knowledge about vascular access were a significant mediator of the effects of the program on depressive symptoms (F = 4.90;p = 0.01).Discussion:Knowledge acquired during an educational program could lead to an emotional change. Improving knowledge often leads to an awareness of the risks that can modify the psychological state of patients by reminding them of their vulnerability. This study shows that it is required to be attentive to the way of transmitting knowledge. It’s necessary adapting this transmission to the needs of patients and promoting the acquisition of psychosocial competence too.Conclusion:This study shows that knowledge acquired during an educational program can lead to an emotional change in the short term. A long-term follow-up of the population should be interesting to observe these emotional effects.

Influence of DAFS-25+polizon composition on blood and functional state of liver of steers at fattening

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Inna R. Kilmetova ◽  
◽  
Igor A. Rodin ◽  
Nazira I. Khayrullina ◽  
Nikolay G. Fenchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Stimulation Of

Summary. The disbalanced feeding and the uneven distribution of micro- and macroelements in the environment leads to a trace element, in particular hypomelanosis. To accelerate the growth and preservation of young farm animals include in the diet of various biological additives and drugs, which include selenium. For stimulation of weight gain in the livestock industry, as well as for the prevention and treatment of pathological processes in addition to micro - and macrouse amino acids, primarily methionine. The aim of this work was to study the influence of composition of DAFS-25+Polizon on morpho-biochemical parameters of blood and functional state of the liver in fattening bulls of black-motley breed in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Experiments using were conducted on bull-calves of black-motley breed of the properties in the properties age from 6 to 15 months. The first experimental group during the experiment was additionally given the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg, the animals of the control group received a standard diet. To assess the impact of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon on metabolism cattle studied morphological and biochemical indicators of blood and conducted histological examination of the liver. It is established that the use of the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg increases the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the experimental group and reduces the amount of white blood cells. The serum content of total protein, phosphorus and calcium increases in the group of experimental animals. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed no changes in the structure of the organ and hepatocytes in the experimental group, whereas in the control group hemodynamic disorders and dystrophic changes in liver cells were observed. Thus, the use of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg of live weight in fattening bulls black-and-white breed contributes to the increase of redox processes in the body, stimulation of metabolism, prevent the development of liver disorders of cellular mechanisms of metabolism, optimizes the structure of the liver, which generally provides higher productivity.

scholarly journals The Impact of Game-Based, Modeling, and Collaborative Learning Methods on the Achievements, Motivations, and Visual Mathematical Literacy Perceptions

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402110035
Author(s):  
Aziz İlhan
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Conventional Instruction ◽  
Game Based Learning ◽  
Mathematical Literacy ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Learning Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of geometry instruction activities conducted in nature based on modeling, game-based, and cooperative learning methods on achievement, mathematical motivation, and visual mathematical literacy perceptions of third-grade elementary school students. The present study is a quantitative study conducted with a pre-test/post-test experimental design with a control group. The study was conducted with 61 students (35 students in the experimental group and 26 students in the control group). Modeling-, game-, and collaborative learning-based activities were conducted with the students in the experimental group. It was determined that the achievements of students who were instructed with modeling-based activities in geometry were high when compared to that of the students instructed with collaborative learning- and game-based methods, and those in the control group where no intervention was applied. This group was followed by the game-based and collaborative learning groups. Based on the variable of motivation, the mean motivation of the students in the modeling group was higher when compared to that of the students in the collaborative learning, game-based, and conventional instruction groups. This group was followed by the collaborative and game-based learning groups. Also, based on the visual mathematical literacy perception variable, the mean visual mathematics literacy perception of the students in the collaborative learning group was higher when compared to that of the students in the groups where the modeling, game-based, and conventional instruction methods were used. This group was followed by the modeling and game-based learning groups.

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