scholarly journals Digestibility Coefficients of Cattle Hoof Meal Diet by African Catfish Clarias gariepinus Juvenile

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
A. E. Falaye ◽  
S. O. Sule
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Test Diet ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soda Ash

Digestibility trial of Cattle hoof waste subjected to five processing methods was conducted on Clarias gariepinus juveniles. A reference diet 70 % and test diet 30 % was formulated with chromic oxide biomarker. Feed and feacal samples collected at 8h interval after feeding were analysed for proximate parameters and digestibility coefficient calculated. There was significant difference (P < 0.05) among treatments crude protein digestibility was highest in Reference diet (88.26 ± 0.04) < soda ash diet (87.49 ± 0.04) < fermented diet (82.15 ± 0.10) < wood ash diet (81.26 ± 0.03) < raw hoof diet (79.57 ± 0.05) and lowest in Autoclaved diet (77.69 ± 0.02). Nutrient digestibility also showed significant difference (P < 0.05) among treatments with highest values for soda ash diets parameters and least protein nutrient in autoclaved diet (58.99±0.08 ); fat, dry matter and energy nutrient in raw hoof diet (56.41 ± 3.49; 23.39 ± 0.16; 25.71 ± 0.75). This study concludes that Clarias gariepinus juveniles can be fed soda ash treated cattle hoof waste.

The effects of zeranol and oestradiol implants on performance and nutrient digestibility of zero-grazed White Fulani cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1081
Author(s):  
O. T. Soyelu ◽  
A. O. Aderibigbe
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
White Fulani

Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two growth-promoting implants (zeranol and oestradiol-17β) on performance and feed digestibility of finishing White Fulani cattle in the feedlot. This was with a view to determining an alternative means of enhancing cattle performance without grazing the animals. Methods A 60-day feedlot trial was conducted using 27 stocker White Fulani bulls that were allotted randomly to three treatment groups (i.e. non-implanted, oestradiol-implanted and zeranol-implanted) in a completely randomised experimental design. Cattle were offered a compounded feedlot ration consisting of 14% crude protein ad libitum. The bulls were weighed initially and fortnightly thereafter for the duration of the study. Coefficients of dry matter and nutrients digestibility were determined using lignin as an internal marker. Data were analysed using the general linear model procedure of ANOVA and mean values were compared using Fisher’s least significant difference (l.s.d.0.05). Key results The average final liveweight, total weight gain, average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of implanted feedlot cattle were higher (P &lt; 0.05) than for non-implanted cattle; and higher in oestradiol-implanted cattle compared with zeranol-implanted ones. The ADG was 29.16 and 20.48% higher, and the ADFI was 35.06 and 18.18% higher for oestradiol-implanted and zeranol-implanted feedlot cattle, respectively than for non-implanted cattle. Irrespective of the treatment, feed conversion ratio of experimental bulls remained below the range (4.5–7.5) established for feedlot beef cattle; an indication of better efficiency of feed utilisation by White Fulani cattle. The apparent digestibility of dry matter (59.76–64.31%) of the feedlot ration was in the order: non-implanted = oestradiol-implanted &gt; zeranol-implanted while the apparent digestibility of crude protein (73.91–77.99%) was in the order: non-implanted &gt; oestradiol-implanted = zeranol-implanted. Conclusions and implications The results of this study show that the use of an oestradiol implant in finishing zero-grazed White Fulani cattle was beneficial for improving growth performance. Both implanted and non-implanted cattle showed good coefficients of nutrient digestibility, indicating that the mode of action of the growth implants in enhancing performance characteristics does not depend on indices of digestibility.

scholarly journals Effect of environmental regulated water temperature variations on survival, growth performance and haematology of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus

Our Nature ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Johnny O. Ogunji ◽  
Jude Awoke
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin

A 56 day study was carried out to evaluate effect of temperature changes on survival, growth performance and haematology of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed housefly maggot meal (magmeal) diet. Ninety (90) Clarias gariepinus fingerlings, (initial mean weight 4.33±0.03g) were subjected to different environmental regulated temperature conditions in three locations (laboratory, outdoor, greenhouse). The observed average temperature was 26.53±0.01°C, 26.06±0.01°C and 31.52±0.00°C for laboratory, outdoor, greenhouse, respectively. Ten fingerlings stocked per experimental tank were fed in triplicates at 5% body weight in two portions per day. It was observed that different water temperatures affected fish growth. All experimental fish in the greenhouse died after 8 days of exposure. This happened around 14.00 hrs when water temperature reached 40°C. There was no significant difference (P<0.5) in final weight, weight gain, food conversion ratio and standard growth rate among the fish reared in the laboratory (26.53°C) and outside tanks (26.06°C), respectively. The initial carcass crude protein (Cp) value was 58.97%. At the end of the experiment fish reared in the laboratory had a crude protein value of 63.97±0.06% Cp and those reared outdoor (26.06°C) had 71.28±0.00% Cp. No significant difference in values of packed cell volume; white blood cell; haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration was found between fish reared in laboratory (26.53°C) and outside (26.06°C). However, the red blood cell (RBC); mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume showed significant difference (P>0.05). The result confirms that Clarias gariepinus fingerlings reared at a mean temperature of 26°C (within the recorded optimal temperature range for good growth) performed well. Clarias gariepinus fingerlings are not able to survive when water temperature reaches to 40oC.

EFFECTS OF INCREASING THE ENERGY VALUE OF A WHOLE MILK DIET FOR CALVES. I. NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND NITROGEN RETENTION

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. LODGE ◽  
E. E. LISTER
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Holstein Calves

In each of four metabolism trials using male Holstein calves, the biological value (BV) of whole milk protein was improved by increasing the energy:protein ratio through addition of glucose or butterfat. Cow’s milk, which provided 21.7–23.8 kcal digestible energy (DE)/g digestible crude protein (DCP) had a BV of 73–78, whereas supplementation with glucose to provide 28 kcal DE/g DCP increased the BV to 84–86. Higher levels of glucose providing 31–32 kcal DE/g DCP tended to further elevate the BV to 87–89 but some diarrhea occurred in younger calves. Attempts to provide larger quantities of energy by increasing the amount of glucose resulted in severe diarrhea and the consistent detection of glucose in the feces. Except where the diarrhea was severe, digestibilities of dry matter and gross energy were not affected by increasing quantities of glucose in the diet. Protein digestibility, however, was depressed in each metabolism trial when higher levels (8–10% glucose monohydrate) were added to whole milk.

scholarly journals Effect of Cashew Nutshell Oil Supplementation as Phenol Source for Protein Protection on In Vitro Nutrient Digestibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahma Fitriastuti ◽  
Lies Mira Yusiati ◽  
Budi Prasetyo Widyobroto ◽  
Zaenal Bachruddin ◽  
Chusnul Hanim
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Cashew Nutshell Liquid ◽  
Lowry Method

The current study was aimed to evaluate the ability of phenol content in cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) in binding protein and its effect on in vitro nutrient digestibility. This research divided into three steps, there were determination of total phenol and tannins content in CNSL, optimalization binding of CNSL tannin to bovine serum albumin with the determination of protein-percipitable phenolics compound and protein content using Lowry method, after that amount of optimalization supplementation of CNSL was used for measuring on in vitro nutrient digestibility by Tilley and Terry method. The results showed that phenol and tannin content of CNSL were 148.69 g/100 ml and 28.3 g/100 ml. One gram tannin in CNSL could be bound by 65.83 g protein. Optimum tannin were used in this study was 5.85 g tannin or equivalent to 163.91 mg of CNSL. Amount of CNSL were used in various levels, there are 0, 50, 100, 150 dan 200 mg. CNSL supplementation reduced dry matter, organic matter crude protein digestibility in rumen, and didn’t reduce dry matter dan crude protein in vitro post rumen digestibility. Supplementation of CNSL increased feed efficiency on in vitro.

scholarly journals PSXII-31 Severity of hay processing on dry matter intake, sorting behaviour, and apparent total tract digestibility in lambs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 418-419
Author(s):  
Liam Kelln
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Vitamin Supplement ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract The objective was to evaluate digestibility and sorting behaviour of grass hay processed to differing severities. Thirty-six wether lambs were used in a completely randomized design and fed diets consisting of grass hay (82.2 %), whole barley (15.7 %), and a mineral-vitamin supplement (2.1 %). Treatments included: unprocessed hay (CON); shredded hay (SHRED); chopped hay (CHOP); and ground hay (GRIND). Lambs were fed their respective diet for 20 d followed by 4 d for measurement of feed intake and fecal output. Lambs fed CON (1.23 kg and 3.24 %) had greater DMI (P = 0.04 and 0.05) compared to CHOP (1.04 kg and 2.71 % BW), with SHRED (1.17 kg and 3.11 % BW) and GRIND (1.13 kg and 2.97 % BW) being intermediate. Undigestible NDF intake tended to decrease as processing severity increased (P = 0.05). Dry matter digestibility (67.6, 66.2, 59.6, and 60.8 % for CON, SHRED, CHOP, and GRIND, respectively; P &lt; 0.01) generally decreased as the severity of forage processing increased. Crude protein digestibility was greatest in CON (68.6 %) compared to SHRED (60.83 %), CHOP (58.7 %), and GRIND (58.5 %; P &lt; 0.01). ADF and aNDFom digestibilities were greater for CON (57.4 and 67.2 %) and SHRED (60.0 and 67.9 %) compared to CHOP (44.8 and 54.6 %) and GRIND (48.3 and 58.5 %; P &lt; 0.001). CON and SHRED lambs sorted for larger particle sizes (particles &gt; 19 mm and 8 to 19 mm; P &lt; 0.001 and 0.025, respectively) while CHOP and GRIND lambs sorted for smaller particles (particles 4 to 8 mm and particles &lt; 4 mm; P &lt; 0.001 and 0.003, respectively). These results indicate that processing of grass hay does not increase nutrient digestibility partly because of the sorting behaviour of lambs.

scholarly journals Growth response and nutrient digestibility of growing pigs to qualitative and quantitative feed restriction

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-131
Author(s):  
C. P. Njoku ◽  
O. A. Adeyemi ◽  
L. T. Egbeyale ◽  
B. J. Sanya ◽  
R. O. Situ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative

Feed restriction is a relevant management tool use in modificationof livestock growth patterns by reducing their maintenance requirement, leading to improved feed efficiency and utilization. This study assessed the effect of qualitative and quantitative feed restriction on growth parameters and nutrients digestibility of growing pigs. Fifty four (54) mixed breed pigs with initial body weight of 6.72±0.38 kg were arranged in a 3x3 factorial arrangement for a 150-day study: Factor A consists of 3 levels of qualitative feed restriction (20%, 18% and 16% crude protein) and Factor B consists of 3 levels of quantitative feed restriction (adlibitum, 90% and 80% of ad-libitum feed offered). The experimental animals were grouped on weight equalization into 9 treatment groups of 3 replicates of 2 pigs per replicate. Growth performance data were collected on weekly basis and nutrient digestibility was carried out on the 11th week of the experiment. Data obtained were subjected to two-way analysis of variance. Final body weight, daily weight gain and daily feed intake were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by increment in dietary crude protein.The pigs fed 20% crude protein recorded the best FCR of 1.36. Quantitative feed restriction had no influence on the growth parameters studied. Feed quality and quantity offered had significant (P<0.05) influence on excreted faeces, faecal dry matter output, excreted faeces/dry matter intake, dry matter digestibility, crude protein digestibility, ether extract, crude fibre digestibility and ash. Similar (P>0.05) mean values of excreted faeces, faecal dry matter output, excreted faeces/ dry matter intake, crude protein digestibility, crude fibre digestibility, ash and ether extract were recorded for pigs fed 18% and 16% of crude protein respectively. It can be concluded from this study that a combination of qualitative and quantitative restriction (at 18% crude protein with 80% of ad libitum feed offered)can be used as management tool to improve feed utilization in growing pigs.

A comparison of washed and unwashed bags to determine the apparent fecal digestibility of dry matter, energy and crude protein in feeds for swine using the mobile nylon bag technique

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyan Qiao ◽  
P. A. Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Indicator Method ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Line Equation

Five feeds and five castrates were used to study the effects of washing rather than scrapping feces fr om bags on nutrient digestibility obtained with the mobile nylon bag technique (MNBT). Using unwashed bags, the MNBT and the conventional indicator method (CON) produced similar dry matter digestibility (DMD) with barley being the only ingredient where a difference (P < 0.05) was obtained between the two techniques. The linear regression equation was CON DMD = 5.39 + 0.92 MNBT DMD (r2 = 0.95). The MNBT overestimated DMD with a bias of less than 0.1%. When washed bags were used, differences (P < 0.05) were obtained between the two techniques for barley, corn and oats and the MNBT overestimated DMD with a bias of 6.6%. There were no differences in gross energy digestibility (GED) when obtained with the indicator method or the MNBT using unwashed bags. The regression line equation was CON GED = 3.85 + 0.94 MNBT GED (r2 = 0.95) and the MNBT overestimated GED with a bias of 1.4%. When washed bags were used, significant (P < 0.05) differences were obtained between techniques for GED with barley, corn, and oats. The MNBT overestimated GED with a bias of 7.3%. With unwashed bags, there were no differences in crude protein digestibility (CPD) obtained with the indicator method or the MNBT, with the exception of the mixed diet. The regression line equation was CON CPD = 28.16 + 0.60 MNBT CPD (r2 = 0.53) and the MNBT overestimated CPD with a bias of 3%. When washed bags were used, significant (P < 0.05) differences were obtained between techniques for barley, corn, oats, wheat and the mixed diet, and the MNBT overestimated CPD with a bias of 12.8%. The overall results of this experiment indicate that washing bags greatly overestimates nutrient digestibility coefficients obtained with the MNBT. Key words: Nylon bag, pigs, digestibility, protein, energy, cannula

scholarly journals The Effect of Nutmeg Leaves Tannin (Myristica fragrans Houtt) as Protein Protecting Agents on In Vitro Nutrient Digestibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Canadianti ◽  
Lies Mira Yusiati ◽  
Chusnul Hanim ◽  
Budi Prasetyo Widyobroto ◽  
Andriyani Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

This experiment was aimed to study the effect of nutmeg leaf tannin addition on in vitro nutrient digestibility. Treatments in this experiment consisted of: P0 (control without tannin), P1 (feed + 2% tannin) and P2 (feed + 4% tannin). Feed for fermentation substrate consisted of Pennisetum purpureum and soybean meal with ratio 60:40. Fermentation was carried out using Tilley and Terry two stages in vitro technique for 48 hours. Variables measured were the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein in the rumen as well as the total digestive tract digestibility based on in vitro technique. The data obtained were analyzed by One Way ANOVA, and followed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that rumen dry matter digestibility was lower (P<0.05) in P1 and P2 (59.03±3.24 and 57.19±1.32) compared to P0 (70.77±1.05), but did not show a significant difference (P>0.05) in the total dry matter digestibility of P0, P1, and P2 (74.88±5.28, 67.70±3.21, and 64.83±4.96). Organic matter digestibility in the rumen was also lower (P<0.05) in P1 and P2 (55.55±6.29 and 55.76±6.88) compared to P0 (75.39±0.91), but did not show significant difference (P>0.05) in total organic matter digestibility from P0, P1, and P2 (64.69±6.44, 64.33±6.34, and 61.20±5.11). The digestibility of crude protein in the rumen at P1 and P2 (45.48±5.12 and 38.47±3.44) was also significantly lower (P<0.05) compared to P0 (60.93±9.72), whereas total digestibility did not show any significant difference (P>0.05). Addition of tannin leaf nutmeg 2% optimally reduced rumen dry matter and crude protein digestibility without causing excessive negative impact on results of in vitro digestibility, so it can be used as a protective agent protein feed.

scholarly journals Effect of phytase on digestibility of corn, sorghum and wheat bran by silver catfish (Rhamdia voulezi)

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altevir Signor ◽  
Vanessa Lewandowski ◽  
Rodrigo Aguiar Da Silva ◽  
Edionei Maico Fries ◽  
Jean Marcel Schuller
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Test Diet ◽  
Silver Catfish ◽  
Two Factors

This study aimed to evaluate the digestibility of plant energetic ingredients, corn, sorghum and wheat bran, with and without phytase supplementation, in silver catfish (Rhamdia voulezi). The experimental design was completely randomized, represented by eight treatments, which consisted of the development of a reference diet and a test diet for each ingredient evaluated (corn, sorghum and wheat bran), with and without supplemental phytase. Diets were formulated so as to contain 70% reference feed and 30% test ingredient. The digestibility coefficients of dry matter and crude protein were significantly influenced only in relation to the evaluated ingredients. Phytase influenced the digestibility coefficients of energy and phosphorus, with interaction between food and the enzyme addition. The interaction between these two factors shows that the phytase efficiency is dependent on the type of vegetable ingredient used in the diet. The results suggest the supplementation of phytase for a higher nutrient digestibility of corn, sorghum and wheat bran by silver catifish (R. voulezi).

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