scholarly journals PENGARUH PENCUACAAN ALAMI TERHADAP PRODUK LATEKS KARET ALAM BERPENGISI TEPUNG KULIT PISANG YANG DIPUTIHKAN DENGAN HIDROGEN PEROKSIDA

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Emelya Khoesoema ◽  
Erick Kamil ◽  
Hamidah Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Photo Oxidation ◽  
Powder Filler ◽  
Sun Light

The effect of exposing bleached banana skin powder-filled natural rubber products to sun light and weather with variation of bleached banana skin powder filler loading. Banana skin powder was dried and bleached with hydrogen peroxide and made into disperse system. Natural rubber latex was compounded with bleached banana skin powder with filler loading of 0 to 20 phr (per hundred rubber). Natural rubber latex products, which were produced, were hung in air and exposed to sun light and weather. The degradation of bleached banana skin powder-filled natural rubber products were evaluated by calculating weight loss of samples and performing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) test. Natural rubber latex lost weight after exposure to sun light and weather from 1 to 16 weeks due to photo-oxidation process.

The Effect of Pre-Vulcanization Temperature on Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Starch Filled Natural Rubber Latex Compounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 184-189
Author(s):  
Siti Rohana Yahya ◽  
Farah Nadiah Hamdan ◽  
Azura A. Rashid ◽  
Baharin Azahari
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Shear Thickening ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Latex Films ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Thickening Behavior ◽  
Vulcanization Process

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the pre-vulcanization temperature on mechanical and rheological properties of starch filled natural rubber (NR) latex films. The 10 phr filler loading of starch was added into the latex prior to the pre-vulcanization process at 60°C to 140°C. The dipped films were cured in the oven at 100°C for 20 minutes and cooled at room temperature for 24 hours before stripping. The rheological properties of NR latex compounds were studied based on the viscosity measurement. The tensile and tear tests of starch filled NR latex films were also carried out. The results indicated that the rheological properties of the latex compounds showed shear thickening behavior where viscosity was increased with the increase in shear rate and pre-vulcanization temperature proportionally. The pre-vulcanization temperature at 80°C showed the optimum mechanical properties of starch filled NR latex films.

scholarly journals Roles of Chitosan as Bio-Fillers in Radiation-Vulcanized Natural Rubber Latex and Hybrid Radiation and Peroxide-Vulcanized Natural Rubber Latex: Physical/Mechanical Properties under Thermal Aging and Biodegradability

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3940
Author(s):  
Arkarapol Thumwong ◽  
Worawat Poltabtim ◽  
Patcharaporn Kerdsang ◽  
Kiadtisak Saenboonruang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Thermal Aging ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Environmental Friendliness

Although natural rubber was regarded as biodegradable, the degradation is a time-consuming process that could take weeks or months for any degradation or substantial weight loss to be observable, resulting in the need for novel processes/methods to accelerate the rubber degradation. As a result, this work investigated the potential utilization of chitosan (CS) as a biodegradation enhancer for radiation-vulcanized natural rubber latex (R-VNRL) and hybrid radiation and peroxide-vulcanized natural rubber latex (RP-VNRL) composites, with varying CS contents (0, 2, 4, or 6 phr). The R-VNRL samples were prepared using 15 kGy gamma irradiation, while the RP-VNRL samples were prepared using a combination of 0.1 phr tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHPO) and 10 kGy gamma irradiation. The properties investigated were biodegradability in the soil and the morphological, chemical, mechanical, and physical properties, both before and after undergoing thermal aging. The results indicated that the biodegradability of both the R-VNRL and RP-VNRL composites was enhanced with the addition of CS, as evidenced by increases in the percentage weight loss (% weight loss) after being buried in soil for 8 weeks from 6.5 ± 0.1% and 6.4 ± 0.1% in a pristine R-VNRL and RP-VNRL samples, respectively, to 10.5 ± 0.1% and 10.2 ± 0.1% in 6-pph CS/R-VNRL and 6-pph CS/RP-VNRL composites, respectively, indicating the biodegradation enhancement of approximately 60%. In addition, the results revealed that the addition of CS could increase the value of tensile modulus by 119%, while decrease the values of tensile strength and elongation at break by 50% and 43%, respectively, in the specimens containing 6-phr CS. In terms of the color appearances, the samples were lighter and yellower after the addition of CS, as evidenced by the noticeably increased L* and b* values, based on the CIE L*a*b* color space system. Furthermore, the investigation into the effects of thermal aging showed that the overall tensile properties for both curing systems were reduced, while varying degrees of color change were observed, with the pristine R-VNRL and RP-VNRL samples having more pronounced degradation/changes for both properties. In conclusion, the overall results suggested that CS had great potential to be applied as a bio-filler in R-VNRL and RP-VNRL composites to effectively promote the biodegradability, environmental friendliness, and resistance to thermal degradation of the composites.

Optimisation of Tensile Strength and Weight Loss via Taguchi and Response Surface Method for Natural Rubber Latex Film Consisting Cassava Peel as a Bio-Based Filler

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahiratul Husna Mustaffar ◽  
◽  
Aliff Hisyam A. Razak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Prepared Composite ◽  
Cassava Peel

Disposal latex and synthetic rubber gloves is troublesome such that disposal via incineration and land fill may release poisonous gasses and contaminate soil and water, respectively. As solution to latex and synthetic rubber, biodegradable glove is extensively studied. A bio-based filler is extracted from food waste and blended into natural rubber latex (NRL) as a composite NRL. The effect of biodegradability of composite NRL was studied by varying the loading of bio-based filler in a form of starch dispersion and blended into NRL mixture. Herein some amount of starch can be extracted from cassava peel to be incorporated in NRL for a sustainable and yet biodegradable glove. Previous work on incorporation of cassava-peel filler in NRL has shown a biodegradability without compromising the pristine strength of NRL film at 50% loading starch. In this project, tensile strength and weight loss of prepared composite NRL films were optimised via Taguchi and Response Surface Method (RSM) by means of Design Expert software by varying starch/filler loading, curing temperature and curing drying duration. Due to inadequate data, the optimisation from that previous prepared composite NRL was compared with similar work which utilising NRL and bio-based filler. For Pulungan (2020) study, it can be concluded that the tensile strength of cassava peel starch biodegradable film has the best condition at 50°C to 60°C at approximately 5.5 hours. Elongation optimum conditions shows contrast value of temperature and time. Meanwhile, for Wendy (2020) study, it shows the best percentage loading of cassava-peel starch is at 20% to achieve high stress and strain at break. The optimised mechanical properties via Taguchi and RSM are rather different and hence validation on mechanical properties at above mentioned conditions need to be performed experimentally.

scholarly journals PENGARUH BIODEGRADASI DENGAN TEKNIK PENANAMAN TERHADAP PRODUK LATEKS KARET ALAM BERPENGISI TEPUNG KULIT PISANG YANG DIPUTIHKAN DENGAN HIDROGEN PEROKSIDA

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Erick Kamil ◽  
Emelya Khoesoema ◽  
Hamidah Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Loss Calculation ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

Natural rubber latex products filled with bleached banana skin powder were identified by burying samples in soil. Soil burial was carried out by adding NPK fertilizer and without fertilizer. One of the tests which was carried out was weight loss calculation. Weight loss calculation showed that natural rubber latex products filled with bleached banana skin powder biodegraded faster than natural rubber latex products without filler. The addition of fertilizer also contributed to biodegradability of samples. The other test was FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) test. The results of FTIR test showed there were structure changes in natural rubber latex which indicated natural rubber latex had been biodegraded.

Preparation and Characterization of Rice Husk Powder Incorporated Natural Rubber Latex Foam

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamala Ramasamy ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Yamuna Munusamy
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Rice Milling

Rice husk powder (RHP) is an abundant agricultural by product that is produced in bulk quantity as part of rice milling. This research is carried out to incorporate RHP with natural rubber latex (NRL) compound. Different loading of RHP is added to NRL compound and is foamed to make natural rubber latex foam (NRLF) using a well known technique called the Dunlop method. The tensile properties of modified NRLF is studied and compared with the controlled NRLF which has zero RHP loading. The morphology and micro structural characterization has been performed by Tabletop microscopy (TM1000). The tensile strength decreases at 2.5 pphr but increases again as the filler loading increases. Elongation at break decreases whereas modulus at 100% elongation (M 100) and hardness increases as the filler loading increases.

The effects of filler contents and particle sizes on properties of green kenaf-filled natural rubber latex foam

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Nurul Izzati Kudori ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Compression Set ◽  
Kenaf Fibre ◽  
Fibre Loading

The effects of filler loading and size of kenaf fibre on the mechanical properties of kenaf fibre-filled natural rubber latex foam (NRLF) have been studied. The NRLF was prepared by using the Dunlop method. The kenaf fibre was sieved to 97, 144 and 200 µm particle sizes and incorporated into the rubber vulcanizates at 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 part per hundred rubber fibre contents. Increasing kenaf fibre loading in NRLF resulted in the reduction of tensile strength, elongation at break and recovery percentage but increased in modulus at 100% (M100), compression strength, compression set, hardness and foam density. At the same kenaf fibre loading, smaller size of kenaf fibre-filled NRLF showed higher tensile properties, compression strength, compression set and hardness. Scanning electron microscope demonstrated that as kenaf fibre loading and size increased, a larger pore size of NRLF was formed and this led to tensile strength, M100, compression strength and hardness.

scholarly journals Treatment’s effect on mechanical properties of kenaf bast/natural rubber latex foam

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 9507-9522
Author(s):  
Nurul Jannah Sallehuddin ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Recovery Percentage ◽  
Kenaf Bast

Non-treated and silane-treated kenaf bast/natural rubber latex foam (NRLF) were prepared using the Dunlop method at different filler loading (0, 3, 5, and 7 pphr). The properties were investigated in terms of mechanical properties, tensile, compression, hardness, and swelling behavior. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize kenaf bast/NRLF. With the modulus at 100% elongation (M100), the compression strength and hardness showed increments in value with increments of kenaf loading. However, different results showed in tensile strength, elongation at break, swelling percentage, and recovery percentage, which decreased at higher filler loading. Silane-treated kenaf bast/NRLF showed higher value in all properties except for elongation at break, swelling, and recovery percentage. The improvement of properties was supported by SEM surface morphological studies that showed better adhesion between the rubber matrix and kenaf filler.

scholarly journals Perubahan Karakteristik Aspal Pen 60/70 dengan Substitusi Getah Karet Alam Pangkalan Balai, Sumatera Selatan

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Barkah Wahyu Widianto ◽  
Mochamad Isa Faishal
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Softening Point ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Rubber Production ◽  
Asphalt Modification

ABSTRAKBerdasarkan data Produksi Karet di Indonesia terdapat peningkatan rata-rata 1,5% pada tahun 2015-2020, dimana produksi karet terbesar adalah Provinsi Sumatera Selatan yaitu 28,77%. Dengan peningkatan dan upaya pemanfaatannya maka dilakukan penelitian substitusi getah karet ke aspal. Getah karet yang digunakan adalah berbentuk padat dan berasal dari Pangkalan Balai, Sumatera Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji karakteristik aspal pen 60/70 disubstitusi dengan kadar getah karet alam 0%, 2,5%, 5%, dan 7,5%. Pengujian mengacu pada SE Menteri PUPR No 04/SE/M/2019. Hasil pengujian menunjukan nilai penetrasi, daktilitas, berat jenis, viskositas 135°C, kelarutan dalam TCE, TFOT, serta penetrasi dan daktilitas setelah kehilangan berat mengalami penurunan dengan ditambahnya kadar getah karet. Sedangkan nilai titik lembek, titik nyala, dan kehilangan berat mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik aspal menjadi lebih keras dan diindikasi tahan terhadap deformasi tetapi rentan terhadap retak. Dari nilai pengujian disimpulkan bahwa kadar getah karet alam 5% memenuhi spesifikasi aspal modifikasi.Kata kunci: getah karet alam, aspal pen 60/70, aspal modifikasi ABSTRACTBased on Rubber Production data in Indonesia, there has been an average increasing of 1.5% for 2016-2020, where the largest production of rubber is South Sumatra Province, which is 28.77%. With the improvement and utilization efforts, research was carried out on mixing rubber sap into asphalt. The rubber sap that has been used is solid and comes from Pangkalan Balai, South Sumatra. This study aims to examine the characteristics of 60/70 pen asphalt substituted with natural rubber latex levels of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%. The test refers to SE Menteri PUPR No 04/SE/M/2019. The test results have shown the value of penetration, ductility, specific gravity, viscosity of 135° C, solubility in TCE, TFOT, penetration and ductility after weight loss has decreased with the addition of rubber sap content. Meanwhile, the values for softening point, flash point, and weight loss increased. This indicates that the characteristics of the asphalt become tougher and indicate that it is resistant to deformation but is prone to cracking. Judging from the test value, it can be concluded that the 5% natural rubber latex content meets the specifications of asphalt modification.Keywords: natural rubber, asphalt pen 60/70, asphalt modification

scholarly journals PENGARUH SUHU VULKANISASI DAN KOMPOSISI BENTONITE CLAY YANG DIMODIFIKASI DENGAN ALKANOLAMIDA DARI BAHAN BAKU RBDPKO PADA PRODUK LATEKS KARET ALAM

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Friska Erdiana Tambunan ◽  
Hamidah Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Ftir Characterization ◽  
Amidation Reaction

The is research aims to determine the effect of vulcanization temperature and composition of bentonite clay as good filler on mechanical properties of natural rubber latex product. In this study, we use bentonite clay as filler and alkanolamide as compatibilizer. The material used in this study are high ammonia latex 60%, curative agents such as sulfur, ZnO, ZDEC, AO, KOH, bentonite clay and alkanolamide. Alkanolamide is synthesized from amidation reaction between Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Kernel Oil and diethanolamine. The methodology includes pre-vulcanizing natural rubber latex with certain formulation, then vulcanized using dipping method. The variable used in this study is filler loading, from 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 gram, and vulcanization time 10 minutes.  The products were then tested in order to observe its mechanical properties, FTIR characterization, SEM characterization and crosslink density. The results show that the synthesized alkanolamide possess the functional group desired. Alkanolamide modified bentonite clay loading is capable of increasing crosslink density and mechanical properties of the products. Optimum filler loading is reported on 10 gram and optimum vulcanization at 120oC.

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