scholarly journals Effects of soil properties and organic residues management on C sequestration and N losses

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asher Bar-Tal ◽  
Paul R. Bloom ◽  
Pinchas Fine ◽  
C. Edward Clapp ◽  
Aviva Hadas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Microbial Decomposition ◽  
Gaseous Emission

Objectives - The overall objective of this proposal was to explore the effects of soil properties and management practices on C sequestration in soils and off-site losses of N.The specific objectives were: 1. to investigate and to quantify the effects of soil properties on C transformations that follow OW decomposition, C losses by gaseous emission, and its sequestration by organic and mineral components of the soil; 2. to investigate and to quantify the effects of soil properties on organic N mineralization and transformations in soil, its losses by leaching and gaseous emission; 3. to investigate and to quantify the effects of management practices and plants root activity and decomposition on C and N transformations; and 4. to upgrade the models NCSOIL and NCSWAP to include inorganic C and root exudation dynamics. The last objective has not been fulfilled due to difficulties in experimentally quantification of the effects of soil inorganic component on root exudation dynamics. Objective 4 was modified to explore the ability of NCSOIL to simulate organic matter decomposition and N transformations in non- and calcareous soils. Background - Rates of decomposition of organic plant residues or organic manures in soil determine the amount of carbon (C), which is mineralized and released as CO₂ versus the amount of C that is retained in soil organic matter (SOM). Decomposition rates also greatly influence the amount of nitrogen (N) which becomes available for plant uptake, is leached from the soil or lost as gaseous emission, versus that which is retained in SOM. Microbial decomposition of residues in soil is strongly influenced by soil management as well as soil chemical and physical properties and also by plant roots via the processes of mineral N uptake, respiration, exudation and decay.

scholarly journals Land Management Impacts on Soil Water Erosion and Loss of Nutrients

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Telak ◽  
Bogunovic ◽  
Rodrigo-Comino
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Significant Difference

Humans are the driving factor of soil erosion and degradation. Therefore, sustainable land management practices should be developed and applied. The aim of this study was to determine land management impacts on soil properties, soil loss and nutrient loss in 3 different treatments; grass-covered vineyard (GCV), tilled vineyard (TV), and tilled hazelnut orchard (HO). The study area is located in Orahovica, Croatia (45°31′ N, 17°51′ E; elevation 230 m) on ~7° slope. The soil under the study area was classified as a Stagnosol. 8 rainfall simulations (58 mm h−1, during 30 min, over 0.785 m2 plots) were performed at each treatment where the next data were noted: ponding time, runoff time, and collection of overland flow. Soil samples were taken for determination of mean weight diameter (MWD), water stable aggregates (WSA), P2O5 content, and organic matter content. Analyses of sediment revealed concentrations of P2O5 and N. All three treatments had significantly different values of MWD (GCV 3.30 mm; TV 2.94 mm; HO 2.16 mm), while WSA and organic matter significantly differs between GCV and HO. The infiltration rate showed no significant difference between treatments. Sediment yield was significantly the highest at the TV (21.01 g kg−1 runoff), while no significant difference was noted between GCV (2.91) and HO (6.59). Sediments of GCV treatment showed higher concentrations of P2O5 and N, compared to TV and HO. Nutrients loss was highest in the TV (450.3 g P2O5 ha−1; 1891.7 g N ha−1) as a result of highest sediment yield, despite the fact GCV had the highest nutrients concentrations. Results indicate that land management (and/or tillage) affects soil properties and their stability. Even tough HO was tilled and had the lowest values of organic matter, WSA, and MWD, measurements were performed immediately after tillage where the plant residues reduced potential erodibility of the soil. Such results reveal that tillage should be avoided in vineyard and hazelnut production in order to prevent soil and nutrient losses.

scholarly journals Agricultural and Forest Land-Use Impact on Soil Properties in Zagreb Periurban Area (Croatia)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Bogunovic ◽  
Antonio Viduka ◽  
Ivan Magdic ◽  
Leon Josip Telak ◽  
Marcos Francos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Quality Properties

In urban areas, land use usually increases soil degradation. However, there are areas occupied by agriculture and woodlands with an essential role in provisioning food and other services such as water and climate regulation. The objective of this work was to assess the effect of long-term land use and soil management practices on peri-urban soils in Zagreb (Croatia). Samples were collected at depth 0–10 cm within intensively tilled cropland (CROP) and vineyard (VINE), traditional grass-covered orchard (ORCH), and forest (FOR). The results showed that bulk density was significantly higher in VINE and CROP than in ORCH and FOR. The opposite dynamic was observed in water-holding capacity, air-filled porosity, aggregate stability, organic matter, and soil organic matter stocks (SOCS). Soil water infiltration was higher in FOR plot compared to the other plots. Overall, land-use change had a substantial impact on soil properties and SOCS, especially in CROP and VINE soils. Tillage, pesticides, and fertilizer applications were presumably the reasons for altered soil quality properties. Intensively used areas (VINE and CROPS) may reduce soil ecosystems services such as the capacity for flood retention and C sequestration.

Log landings are methane emission hotspots in managed forests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Vantellingen ◽  
Sean C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Managed Forests

Log landings are areas within managed forests used to process and store felled trees prior to transport. Through their construction and use soil is removed or redistributed, compacted, and organic matter contents may be increased by incorporation of wood fragments. The effects of these changes to soil properties on methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) flux is unclear and unstudied. We quantified CH<sub>4</sub> flux rates from year-old landings in Ontario, Canada, and examined spatial variability and relationships to soil properties within these sites. Landings emitted CH<sub>4</sub> throughout the growing season; the average CH<sub>4</sub> emission rate from log landings was 69.2 ± 12.8 nmol m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> (26.2 ± 4.8 g CH<sub>4</sub> C m<sup>-2</sup> y<sup>-1</sup>), a rate comparable to CH<sub>4</sub>-emitting wetlands. Emission rates were correlated to soil pH, organic matter content and quantities of buried woody debris. These properties led to strong CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, or “hotspots”, in certain areas of landings, particularly where processing of logs occurred and incorporated woody debris into the soil. At the forest level, emissions from landings were estimated to offset ~12% of CH<sub>4</sub> consumption from soils within the harvest area, although making up only ~0.5% of the harvest area. Management practices to avoid or remediate these emissions should be developed as a priority measure in “climate-smart” forestry.

scholarly journals Cropping system effects on soil quality in the Great Plains: Synthesis from a regional project

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Wienhold ◽  
J.L. Pikul ◽  
M.A. Liebig ◽  
M.M. Mikha ◽  
G.E. Varvel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Environmental Function

AbstractSoils perform a number of essential functions affecting management goals. Soil functions were assessed by measuring physical, chemical, and biological properties in a regional assessment of conventional (CON) and alternative (ALT) management practices at eight sites within the Great Plains. The results, reported in accompanying papers, provide excellent data for assessing how management practices collectively affect agronomic and environmental soil functions that benefit both farmers and society. Our objective was to use the regional data as an input for two new assessment tools to evaluate their potential and sensitivity for detecting differences (aggradation or degradation) in management systems. The soil management assessment framework (SMAF) and the agro-ecosystem performance assessment tool (AEPAT) were used to score individual soil properties at each location relative to expected conditions based on inherent soil-forming factors and to compute index values that provide an overall assessment of the agronomic and environmental impact of the CON and ALT practices. SMAF index values were positively correlated with grain yield (an agronomic function) and total organic matter (an agronomic and environmental function). They were negatively correlated with soil nitrate concentration at harvest (an indicator of environmental function). There was general agreement between the two assessment tools when used to compare management practices. Users can measure a small number of soil properties and use one of these tools to easily assess the effectiveness of soil management practices. A higher score in either tool identifies more environmentally and agronomically sustainable management. Temporal variability in measured indicators makes dynamic assessments of management practices essential. Water-filled pore space, aggregate stability, particulate organic matter, and microbial biomass were sensitive to management and should be included in studies aimed at improving soil management. Reductions in both tillage and fallow combined with crop rotation has resulted in improved soil function (e.g., nutrient cycling, organic C content, and productivity) throughout the Great Plains.

Tillage effects on the dynamics of total and corn-residue-derived soil organic matter in two southern Ontario soils

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Wanniarachchi ◽  
R. P. Voroney ◽  
T. J. Vyn ◽  
R. P. Beyaert ◽  
A. F. MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Loam Soil

Agricultural management practices affect the dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) by influencing the amount of plant residues returned to the soil and rate of residue and SOM decomposition. Total organic C and δ13C of soil were measured in two field experiments involving corn cropping to determine the effect of tillage practices on SOM dynamics. Minimum tillage (MT) and no tillage (NT) had no significant impact on the soil C compared with conventional tillage (CT) in the 0- to 50-cm soil depth sampled at both sites. Continuous corn under MT and CT for 29 yr in a silt loam soil sequestered 61–65 g m−2 yr−1 of corn-derived C (C4-C), and it accounted for 25–26% of the total C in the 0- to 50-cm depth. In a sandy loam soil cropped to corn for 6 yr, SOM contained 10 and 8.4% C4-C under CT and NT, respectively. Reduced tillage practices altered the distribution of C4-C in soil, causing the surface (0–5 cm) soil of reduced tillage (MT and NT) plots to have higher amounts of C4-C compared to CT. Tillage practices did not affect the turnover of C3-C in soil. Key words: Soil organic matter, 13C natural abundance, tillage practices

scholarly journals Organic matter and physical properties of a Red Latosol under an integrated crop-livestock-forestry system1

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Levinski-Huf ◽  
Vilson Antonio Klein
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Production System ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Atterberg Limits ◽  
Red Latosol

ABSTRACT Soil management practices and uses, in the integrated crop-livestock-forestry (ICLF) production system, influence the soil properties in different ways. This study aimed to assess the organic matter content and physical properties of a Red Latosol (Oxisol), in the forestry and crop components of an ICLF system. A split-plot randomized block design was used, with six blocks containing two main plots (forestry and crop) and eight split plots (sampled soil layers), totaling 16 treatments and 96 samples. The following variables were analyzed: organic matter, soil density, relative density, pore size distribution, Atterberg limits and aggregate stability. The presence of the forestry component improves the mean weight and geometric mean diameters, as well as the aggregates stability index of the Red Latosol, at five years after the implementation of the system. The aggregates stability in water and the Atterberg limits are the soil physical properties that better express the changes in the soil, with the inclusion of the forestry component. Including this component in the production system, throughout the years (> 5 years), improves the soil properties.

scholarly journals Soil properties and not inputs control carbon : nitrogen : phosphorus ratios in cropped soils in the long term

SOIL ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Frossard ◽  
Nina Buchmann ◽  
Else K. Bünemann ◽  
Delwende I. Kiba ◽  
François Lompo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Ratios ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Positive Correlation

Abstract. Stoichiometric approaches have been applied to understand the relationship between soil organic matter dynamics and biological nutrient transformations. However, very few studies have explicitly considered the effects of agricultural management practices on the soil C : N : P ratio. The aim of this study was to assess how different input types and rates would affect the C : N : P molar ratios of bulk soil, organic matter and microbial biomass in cropped soils in the long term. Thus, we analysed the C, N, and P inputs and budgets as well as soil properties in three long-term experiments established on different soil types: the Saria soil fertility trial (Burkina Faso), the Wagga Wagga rotation/stubble management/soil preparation trial (Australia), and the DOK (bio-Dynamic, bio-Organic, and “Konventionell”) cropping system trial (Switzerland). In each of these trials, there was a large range of C, N, and P inputs which had a strong impact on element concentrations in soils. However, although C : N : P ratios of the inputs were highly variable, they had only weak effects on soil C : N : P ratios. At Saria, a positive correlation was found between the N : P ratio of inputs and microbial biomass, while no relation was observed between the nutrient ratios of inputs and soil organic matter. At Wagga Wagga, the C : P ratio of inputs was significantly correlated to total soil C : P, N : P, and C : N ratios, but had no impact on the elemental composition of microbial biomass. In the DOK trial, a positive correlation was found between the C budget and the C to organic P ratio in soils, while the nutrient ratios of inputs were not related to those in the microbial biomass. We argue that these responses are due to differences in soil properties among sites. At Saria, the soil is dominated by quartz and some kaolinite, has a coarse texture, a fragile structure, and a low nutrient content. Thus, microorganisms feed on inputs (plant residues, manure). In contrast, the soil at Wagga Wagga contains illite and haematite, is richer in clay and nutrients, and has a stable structure. Thus, organic matter is protected from mineralization and can therefore accumulate, allowing microorganisms to feed on soil nutrients and to keep a constant C : N : P ratio. The DOK soil represents an intermediate situation, with high nutrient concentrations, but a rather fragile soil structure, where organic matter does not accumulate. We conclude that the study of C, N, and P ratios is important to understand the functioning of cropped soils in the long term, but that it must be coupled with a precise assessment of element inputs and budgets in the system and a good understanding of the ability of soils to stabilize C, N, and P compounds.

scholarly journals The Increase of Soil Organic Matter Reduces Global Warming, Myth or Reality?

Sci ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Jose Navarro-Pedreño ◽  
María Belén Almendro-Candel ◽  
Antonis A. Zorpas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Stabilized Soil

The soil has lost organic matter in the past centuries. Adding organic matter to soils is one of the management practices applied to recover the levels of soil carbon of the past and to improve soil properties. Is it a good practice to reduce global warming? In fact, one of the practices promoted to combat climate change is increasing soil organic matter. However, the addition of organic residues to the soil could facilitate the liberation of CO2 and wastes could also have no positive effects on soil properties (i.e., pollution). In this sense, what it is important is: (a) to know which is the expected effect of the organic matter added to the soil; (b) how this application alters the soil processes; (c) which are the management practices that should be applied; (d) how much is the real amount of carbon sequester by the soil and; (e) the balance at short and long period after the application of the organic matter. The adequate strategy should be to favour the increment of biologically stabilized soil organic matter considering medium and long time. However, it is necessary to adapt the strategies to the local environmental conditions.

Decomposition of plant material in Australian soils .IV. Decomposition in situ of 14C labeled and 15N labeled legume and wheat materials in a range of southern Australian soils

Soil Research ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Amato ◽  
JN Ladd ◽  
A Ellington ◽  
G Ford ◽  
JE Mahoney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Root Decomposition ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Organic C

14C- and 15N-labelled wheat straw, and tops or roots of a pasture legume (either Medicago littoralis or Trifolium subterraneum) were incorporated into topsoils at 12 field sites in southern Australia. These sites were representative of soil types widely used for wheat growing in each region. The soils varied markedly in their physical and chemical properties (e.g. pH, texture and organic matter content). Based on amounts of residual I4C (averaged for all sites), the legume tops decomposed more extensively than did wheat straw, especially soon after incorporation. To a lesser extent the legume tops decomposed more extensively than legume roots, and T. subterraneum tops more than M. littoralis tops; root decomposition for both legumes was similar. For example, after 1 year, the residual organic 14C from wheat straw, M. littoralis tops, T. subterraneum tops and legume roots accounted for 48%, 41%, 38% and 54% of their respective inputs. After two years, residual 14C of wheat straw accounted for 30% of the input. Differences in decomposition due to climate and soil properties were generally small, but at times were statistically significant; these differences related positively with rainfall and negatively with soil clay content, but showed no relationship with pH or soil organic C and N. Some N was mineralized from all plant materials, the greatest from legume tops, the least from wheat straw. After 1 year, residual organic 15N accounted for 56%, 63% and 78% respectively of input l5N from legume tops and roots and from wheat straw. The influence of climate and soil properties on amounts of residual organic I5N was small and generally was consistent with those found for residual 14C. AS an exception, the residual organic 15N from wheat straw was negatively related to soil organic N levels, whereas residual I5N of legume tops and roots and residual 14C of all plant materials were not influenced by soil organic matter levels. These results are discussed in terms of the turnover of N in soils amended with isotope labelled plant materials of different available C:N ratios.

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