scholarly journals Efficiency of post-emergence (“insurance”) herbicides in soybean crops of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine

Agrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Tkalich ◽  
O. I. Тsyliuryk ◽  
Yu. М. Rudakov ◽  
V. I. Kozechko
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Plant Seedlings

Loss of soybean yields from weeds can reach 30–50%. Chemical methods of their control are of primary importance for obtaining the maximum grain yield. The critical period for weed control is stage from the first to third true leaf of the crop. The most active growth of unwanted vegetation in soybean crops is observed in the spring-summer period. And if during this period you can mainly suppress weeds, then in the future the crops will be relatively clean. In years when there is a sharp lack of moisture at the beginning of the growing season, a significant part of the plant seedlings appear at a later date, which creates additional problems for crop protection. In order to optimize weed protection measures, it is first necessary to know clearly the species composition of weeds in each specific agrocenosis. The development of highly effective systems of chemical protection of soybean crops against weeds largely depends on the application of highly effective herbicides. The maximum results in the control of weeds, in particular Сommon ragweed, at the time of renewal of spring vegetation, among the preparations used by as were provided by herbicides and their tank mixtures in variants with application of tank mixtures: Harmony: 8–10 g/ha + Command – 0,20–0,25 l/ha + Trend – 300 ml/ha. Here the technical efficiency was at the level of 70,0–72,0%. The increase of technical efficiency in variants with the application of tank mixtures of preparations was determined: Harmony – 8 g/ha + Command – 0,25 l/ha + Trend – 300 ml/ha; Harmony – 10 g/ha + Team – 0,20 l/ha + Trend – 300 ml/ha; Harmony – 10 g/ha + Team – 0,25 l/ha + Trend – 300 ml/ha and Harmony – 8 g/ha + Bazagran – 2,0 l/ha + Trend – 300 ml/ha. Spraying with herbicides and their tank mixtures in general made it possible to save from 0,81 to 1,01 t/ha of soybean grain, compared with the control without herbicides. Herbicide preparations differed slightly regarding the effect on the grain yield. It is necessary to distinguish only tank mixtures: Harmony – 10 g/ha + Commands – 0,20 l/ha + Trend –300 ml/ha; Harmony – 10 g/ha + Team – 0,25 l/ha + Trend – 300 ml/ha; Harmony – 8 g/ha + Bazagran – 2,0 l/ha + + Trend – 300 ml/ha, as well as Harmony – 12 g/ha. The indices of yields on these variants were maximum and amounted to 2,28; 2,31; 2,31 and 2,29 t/ha, which was more than the control by 43, 44, 44 and 43%, respectively.

scholarly journals Testing the Suitability of Automated Machine Learning for Weeds Identification

AI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Borja Espejo-Garcia ◽  
Ioannis Malounas ◽  
Eleanna Vali ◽  
Spyros Fountas
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Identification Problem ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Classifier Ensembles ◽  
Automated Machine Learning ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Plant Seedlings ◽  
And Training

In the past years, several machine-learning-based techniques have arisen for providing effective crop protection. For instance, deep neural networks have been used to identify different types of weeds under different real-world conditions. However, these techniques usually require extensive involvement of experts working iteratively in the development of the most suitable machine learning system. To support this task and save resources, a new technique called Automated Machine Learning has started being studied. In this work, a complete open-source Automated Machine Learning system was evaluated with two different datasets, (i) The Early Crop Weeds dataset and (ii) the Plant Seedlings dataset, covering the weeds identification problem. Different configurations, such as the use of plant segmentation, the use of classifier ensembles instead of Softmax and training with noisy data, have been compared. The results showed promising performances of 93.8% and 90.74% F1 score depending on the dataset used. These performances were aligned with other related works in AutoML, but they are far from machine-learning-based systems manually fine-tuned by human experts. From these results, it can be concluded that finding a balance between manual expert work and Automated Machine Learning will be an interesting path to work in order to increase the efficiency in plant protection.

Assessment of IPM module against pod borer complex in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-88
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
◽  
S. Nath ◽  
S.K. Kannaujia ◽  
S.P. Sonkar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
On Farm

On-farm testing of IPM module in pigeon pea against pod borer complex was carried out on farmers’ field of two villages of district Jaunpur by KVK Jaunpur- 1 during 2018 and 2019 with three components viz., IPM module, farmers’ practice, and untreated check without plant protection measures. The IPM interventions viz., growing pod borer tolerant variety, two rows of maize as a border crop, installation of pheromone traps and bird perches with the application of botanical based insecticide azadirachtin 1% at the vegetative stage as an oviposition deterrence, application of chlorantraniliprole, and flubendiamide at critical stages of pod borer appearance during bud initiation and flowering stages. The reduction in the larval population and pod damage in IPM treated plots resulted in a significant increase in grain yield (1525 kg/ha) followed by farmers’ practice (1195 kg/ha) and in untreated check (857 kg/ha) The increase in grain yield was due to an additional investment of Rs.4100/-ha towards IPM module and farmers’ practice (Rs.2600/-ha). The excess expenditure incurred resulted in the highest net return of Rs.47550/-ha in the IPM module as compared to farmers' practice and in untreated check resulted in the lowest net return of Rs.18250/-ha.

scholarly journals Participatory potato seed production: a breakthrough for food security and income generation in the central highlands of Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abebe Chindi ◽  
Egata Shunka ◽  
Atsede Solomon ◽  
W. Giorgis Gebremedhin ◽  
Ebrahim Seid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractQuality seed is one of the major bottlenecks hampering the production and productivity of potato not only in Ethiopia but also in Sub-Saharan Africa. Since the 1970’s, the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research has generated a number of improved potato production technologies such as improved varieties with accompanying agronomic practices, crop protection measures, postharvest handling techniques and utilization options. The developed technologies were promoted from 2013-2015 via technology promotion and popularization to the Wolmera, Adea-Bera and Ejere districts with the objective of creating awareness and up scaling of improved potato production and utilization technologies. The Potato Improvement Research Program and the Research and Extension Division of Holetta Research Center in collaboration with extension staff of the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) undertake this activity. The farmers were selected and organized in Farmer Field Schools and all stakeholders were engaged before distributing potato seeds and planting on selected farmers’ fields for demonstrating of potato production technologies. A total of 899 farmers and 40 agricultural experts were trained and 27.7, 9 and 5.5 tons of quality seeds of Gudanie, Jalenie and Belete potato varieties, respectively, were delivered as a revolving seed with their recommended agronomic packages; this amount of seed covered 21.1 ha. A total of 16 farmer groups from Wolmera, 7 from Adea-Berga, and 11 from Ejere participated. They produced over 434 tons of relatively clean seed and constructed 8 diffused light stores. In addition to the demonstration of improved potato varieties, information dissemination was also an important component of the program to raise awareness for a large numbers of potato growers through farmers’ field days, pamphlets, and mass media. Each year about three field days were organized and more than 1500 pamphlets were distributed to farmers invited from neighboring districts and ‘Kebeles’ to enhance speed. Through this intervention farmers are now harvesting a yield of about 26-34 t/ha up from 8t/ha when they were using inferior quality potato seed; this has made the farmers in the intervention area more food secure especially during the usually food scarce months of August to October when cereal crops are generally yet to mature. The farmers are also getting additional income from the sale of excess potato and are able to better meet other necessary costs like school fees, for their children.

The Critical Period of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Control in Field Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 944-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani Z. Ghosheh ◽  
David L. Holshouser ◽  
James M. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

Experiments were conducted from 1989 to 1991 to determine the critical period of johnsongrass control in field corn. Maximum weed-infested and weed-free periods of 0 to 20 wk after corn emergence were maintained by either hand weeding or nicosulfuron application. Interference duration effects on corn grain yield were not affected by johnsongrass control methods. The critical period for johnsongrass control was determined to be between 3 and 6.5 wk after corn emergence to avoid losses above 5% of yield produced by full-season weed-free corn.

Economic Evaluation of Precision Crop Protection Measures

2010 ◽  
pp. 417-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Ole Schroers ◽  
Roland Gerhards ◽  
Martin Kunisch
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Protection Measures

scholarly journals Economically optimal water depth and grain yield of common bean subjected to different irrigation depths

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 482-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaiane G. da Conceição ◽  
Adroaldo D. Robaina ◽  
Marcia X. Peiter ◽  
Ana R. C. Parizi ◽  
João A. da Conceição ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Common ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Bean Crop

ABSTRACT Common bean crop plays an important role in the world, not only in economic aspects but also in social development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the grain yield and the economically optimal water depth which reflects the maximum technical efficiency of the common bean crop. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse, in Alegrete - RS, from February to May 2016. A completely randomized design was used, consisting of five water replacement treatments (25, 50, 75, 100 and 125% crop evapotranspiration - ETc) and four replicates. Based on the obtained results, both water deficit and water excess directly affected the final grain yield of the crop. Maximum grain yield was 3,554.1 kg ha-1, obtained by applying 492.72 mm (100% ETc). On the other hand, the economically optimal water depth was estimated at 91.2% ETc, indicating that water depths above this value are not suitable for maximum technical efficiency in the common bean crop under these conditions. It was concluded that the water depth equivalent to 100% ETc maximizes grain yield for the region of Alegrete-RS, and irrigation is considered a solution in the water supply to the common bean crop during critical periods.

scholarly journals Competition periods of crabgrass with rice and soybean crops

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Agostinetto ◽  
L.C. Fontana ◽  
L. Vargas ◽  
L.T. Perboni ◽  
E. Polidoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Flooded Rice ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
And Control ◽  
Impact Of Pesticides

Determining the periods of weed competition with crops helps the producer to choose the most appropriate time to use weed control practices. This strategy allows for the reduction of the number of herbicide applications, reducing costs and the environmental impact of pesticides. The objectives were to determine the period before the interference (PBI) of crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris) competing with flooded rice, the critical period of interference prevention (CPIP) of crabgrass with soybean and the effects of competition on the grains yield and their components. Experiments were conducted with the coexistence of BRS Querência rice cultivar with crabgrass, for periods of 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 110 days after emergency (DAE) and Fundacep 53RR soybean cultivar, whose periods of coexistence and control of crabgrass were 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 156 DAE. Rice can grow with crabgrass infestation until 18 DAE, while soybean should remain free from the presence of crabgrass in the period between 23 and 50 DAE. The grain yield and its components, in the crops studied, are affected when grown with crabgrass.

scholarly journals Molecular identification of the swede midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 771-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juerg E. Frey ◽  
Beatrice Frey ◽  
Robert Baur
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Swede Midge ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractEarly detection of pest infestation is a prerequisite for sustainable crop protection. However, many pest species are difficult to detect and thus infestation is diagnosed from damage observed on the respective crop. This diagnosis is often made too late for implementation of crop protection measures, and serious crop losses may result. The swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer, is a major pest of Brassica L. (Brassicaceae) vegetables in Europe that has recently invaded North America. With its small size and short adult life-span, and the cryptic lifestyle of the larvae feeding at the growing points of its host plants, it is usually detected only after damage has already occurred. Furthermore, because field-trapped specimens are rarely fully intact, it is extremely difficult to identify. Therefore, we developed a species-specific molecular diagnostic method that enables reliable identification of swede midge from various sources such as alcohol or sticky glue traps. The method enables large-scale screening of field-trapped specimens and is used to evaluate the attractiveness and specificity of pheromone traps that are currently under development.

scholarly journals Effect of wildlife damage on the life of people living around Kaziranga National Park

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Daisy Das
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
International Level ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Alternative Livelihood ◽  
Kaziranga National Park ◽  
Wildlife Damage

The benefit from protected area is enjoyed at international level where as benefit is negligible at local level and often people have to bear losses for living around protected area. Wildlife damage is one such cost of living around protected area. Wild animals often destroys crop, assets, kill livestock and destroy property. Such wildlife damage many times becomes a bone of contention between people living around protected area and the park authority. In developing countries it becomes difficult to control such damage for park authority and giving compensation is not a feasible way. Therefore, the present study tries to assess the extent of wildlife damage in Kaziranga National Park (KNP) which is conflict ridden. It has been found from the survey that damage is enormous and people are dissatisfied with the park authority. This paper suggests that to obtain support of local people emphasis should be given crop protection measures and alternative livelihood opportunities.

scholarly journals Dose-response surface fits to drought and nitrogen limitation applied together allow mapping of loci that exhibit nonlinear responses

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan M. Chang ◽  
Danielle Allery Nail ◽  
Toni Kazic ◽  
Susan J. Simmons ◽  
Ann E. Stapleton
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Different Response

ABSTRACTCrop improvement must accelerate to feed an increasing human population in the face of environmental changes. Breeding programs can include anticipated climatic changes and genetic architecture to optimize improvement strategies. We analyzed the genetic architecture underlying the response of Zea mays to combinations of water and nitrogen stresses. Recombinant inbreds were subjected to nine combinations of the two stresses using an optimized response surface design, and their growth was measured. Three-dimensional dose response surfaces were fit globally and to each polymorphic allele to determine which genetic markers were associated with different response surfaces. Three quantitative trait loci that produced nonlinear surfaces were mapped. Alleles that performed better in combinations of mid-range stresses were typically not the alleles that performed best under combinations of extreme stresses. To develop physiologically relevant models for future genetic analyses, we modeled the network that explains the response surfaces. The network contains two components, an elliptical paraboloid and a plane, that each combine the nitrogen and water inputs. The relative weighting of the two components and the inputs is governed by five parameters. We estimated parameter values for the smoothed surfaces from the experimental lines using a set of points that covered the most distinctive regions of the three-dimensional surfaces. Surfaces computed using these values reproduced the smoothed experimental surfaces well, especially in the neighborhood of the peaks, as judged by three different criteria. The parameters exaggerated the amplitudes of the simulated surfaces. Experiments using single stresses could misestimate responses to their combinations and disguise loci that respond nonlinearly. The three-dimensional shape evaluation strategy used here more thoroughly compares nonlinear, nonplanar responses. We encourage the application of our findings and methods to experiments that mix crop protection measures, stresses, or both, on elite and landrace germplasm.

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