Screening of variety collections of sunflower and winter wheat for Cadmium low accumulation

Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Agronomy and Biology ◽

10.32845/agrobio.2019.3.7 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 42-46

Author(s):

Yuanzhi Fu ◽

Liuliu Wu ◽

V.I. Trotsenko ◽

H.O. Zhatova

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Human Health ◽

Human Body ◽

Cadmium Accumulation ◽

Urgent Problem ◽

Cadmium Pollution ◽

New Varieties

Cadmium pollution in soil is a long-term and urgent problem, which directly affects the edible value of sunflower and winter wheat and may cause harm to human health. Breeding new varieties with low cadmium accumulation can effectively reduce the content of this element in seeds and fundamentally solve the risk of cadmium entering the human body through seeds and oil. In this paper, the method and significance of breeding sunflower and winter wheat with low cadmium accumulation were discussed.

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The Research Progress of Heavy Metals in PM2.5

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.1397 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 955-959 ◽

pp. 1397-1404 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Li Na Shi ◽

Xun Xu ◽

Xiao Yan Dou ◽

Xu Dong Zhao

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Human Health ◽

Human Body ◽

Chemical Form ◽

The Body ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Research Progress ◽

Depth Study

PM2.5 is one of the most important components in air pollution. It is also the focus of the most closely watched at home and abroad. Based on its small size, complex components, and strongenvironmental activity, it can be used as a carrier for chemicals, heavy metals, bacteria, toxins and carcinogens into the body. Then, as a result, it will affect Human Body Health. Heavy metals are important components of PM2.5, and the long-term accumulation of heavy metals in PM2.5 poses a great threat on human health and the environment. This paper reviewed the sources, distribution methods,chemical form, detection methods, disposal way, research progress of heavy metals in PM2.5. As a result, it provided a reference for in-depth study on the future.

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Assessing the Risk of Phthalate Ester (PAE) Contamination in Soils and Crops Irrigated with Treated Sewage Effluent

Water ◽

10.3390/w10080999 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 999 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yan Li ◽

Guanhua Huang ◽

Hua Gu ◽

Quanzhong Huang ◽

Chunhua Lou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Human Health ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Reclaimed Water ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Cereal Grains ◽

Summer Maize ◽

Contamination Risk ◽

Soil Cleanup

Waste/reclaimed irrigation water has been promoted due to water shortages in arid and semi-arid areas. However, this process may be one of the sources of phthalate esters (PAEs) in agricultural soils, and the potential risks of PAEs for soil ecosystems and human health have attracted considerable attention. A two-year (from October 2014 to October 2016) field experiment was conducted to assess the contamination risk of PAEs from reclaimed irrigation water in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize (Zea mays L.) fields on the North China Plain. Three types of irrigation water quality were arranged for each variety, including reclaimed water, groundwater, and a mixture of reclaimed water and groundwater (1:1, v/v). The results indicate that the concentrations of the 6 PAEs in topsoil ranged from 2.79 to 5.34 mg/kg at the time of crop harvest. There was no significant effect of reclaimed irrigation water on the concentrations of PAEs in the soil. Di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were the most abundant contaminants in all soil samples, accounting for 43.2%~68.7% and 27.1%~48.6%, respectively, of the 6 PAEs. The levels of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and DnBP in all soil samples exceeded the allowable soil concentrations, but the levels were far below the recommended soil cleanup objectives. The grain yields of winter wheat and summer maize ranged from 4.35 to 7.1 t/ha and 1.03 to 6.46 t/ha, respectively. There were no significant effects of reclaimed water on the growth characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat (p > 0.05); however, the effect of reclaimed irrigation water on summer maize was influenced by climate. The concentrations of the 6 PAEs in wheat grain and maize grain ranged from 1.03 to 4.05 mg/kg and from 0.37 to 3.29 mg/kg, respectively. For the same variety, there was no significant difference in the concentrations of the 6 PAEs in cereal grains among different treatments (p > 0.05). DEHP and DnBP were the most abundant components in most crop samples, accounting for 31.6%~77.9% and 21.1%~64.7%, respectively, of the 6 PAEs. The concentrations of the PAEs, DnBP and DEHP in cereal grains were lower than those in the reference doses. The BCFs of the 6 PAEs and of each PAE in cereal grains were 0.43~1.25 and 0.33~35.75, respectively. The BCFs of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) were the highest (1.41~35.75), followed by DMP and DEHP. There were almost no significant differences in the BCFs of each PAE among the three treatments. The total carcinogenic risks of PAEs were 2.82 × 10−5 for adults and 1.81 × 10−5 for children. The total non-carcinogenic risks of PAEs were 3.37 × 10−1 for adults and 7.98 × 10−1 for children. DHEP was the dominant contributor to both risks, and the intake of cereals was the main exposure pathway for the two risks. In conclusion, there were no significant effects of reclaimed irrigation water on the concentrations of PAEs in soil and cereal grains compared with groundwater irrigation, and the human health risks were within the acceptable range. Long-term studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of reclaimed irrigation water on the contamination risk posed by PAEs.

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Research and Countermeasures on the Influence of Air Pollution on Human Health and Fitness

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/631/1/012023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 631 (1) ◽

pp. 012023

Author(s):

Yongjun Zhao ◽

Teng Ma

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Human Health ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Human Body ◽

Performance Indicators ◽

Gradient Effect ◽

Health And Fitness ◽

The Impact

Abstract Air pollution has a significant impact on human health and fitness; long-term air pollution will cause human physical fitness to be declined. In order to alleviate the impact of air pollution on human health and fitness, this paper analyzes the sources of air pollution, different air pollution extents have gradient effect on the human body, thereby affecting the body's physical performance indicators. This paper investigates and studies the impact of air pollution on human health and fitness through the survey of students in a school, and provides countermeasures.

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PRODUCTIVITY OF CAULIFLOWER VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS DEPENDING ON DATE OF SOWING AND PLANTING

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2018/5/46-49 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 46-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Е. G. Gadjimustapaeva

Keyword(s):

Elevated Temperature ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Human Body ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Control Group ◽

Early Maturity ◽

New Varieties ◽

Low Humidity

Research of new varieties and hybrids of cauliflower in the summer-autumn culture of cultivation in 2015-2017 was carried out. Highambient temperature of 26.2 ° C and low humidity of 59% was sustaining from the first decade of June 2015. The maximum values of thedaily mean temperatures were higher than the average long-term indicators by 8.8-9.1 °C. The 2016summer was also hot with the airhumidity of 64%. The amount of precipitation for three months (June-August) was 113.1 mm. Maximum of air temperature in thesummer month reached 35.6 ° C.The beginning of the vegetation period of 2017 was characterized by an elevated temperature with lowhumidity. During the summer months there was occasional precipitation. September-November: no precipitation, positive temperatureswere remaining, the plants continued vegetation during irrigation on furrows. The formation of the heads of the cauliflower continueduntil January 22, 2018. It was established that the varietal reaction according to the upward dynamics of the assimilation apparatusduring growth and development for three years is unequal. Based on the analysis results of the broccoli varieties and hybrids acomparison was drawn between the productivity, early maturity, the maturity of the heads, the quality, the length of vegetation of plantsand control group. It is noted that the head should be removed in due time to prevent its growth to gigantic proportions. At the same timeall biochemical substances that are beneficial to the human body are preserved. The tissue near head does not coarsen, and it can beused both fresh and processed. Samples set used for research contained new hybrids with better productivity and quality.

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The effectiveness of granular chalk use for growing winter wheat on grey forest soil

Agrobìologìâ ◽

10.33245/2310-9270-2020-157-1-181-191 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 181-191

Author(s):

M. Tkachenko ◽

N. Borys ◽

Ye. Kovalenko

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Forest Soil ◽

Active Substance ◽

Mass Fraction ◽

Gray Forest Soil ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Acidic Soils ◽

Grey Forest Soil

The research aims to establish the eff ectiveness of granular chalk use produced by «Slavuta-Calcium» Ltd. under growing Poliska–90 winter wheat variety, changing the physicochemical properties of grey forest soil and the wheat productivity. It also aims to establish optimal dosis of «Slavuta-Calcium» granular chalk as the meliorant and mineral fertilizer for grey forest soil in the system of winter wheat fertilization. In the temporary fi eld studies, various doses of nutrients N60–90–120P30–45–60K60–90–120 combined with «Slavuta–Calcium» granular chalk in a dose of Ca230–460–690 kg/ha of the active substance were studied against the background of secondary plowing of rotation products – soybean biomass that averaged 2.34 t/ha. Granular chalk is a modern complex highly eff ective meliorant with the content of Ca – 37.7 and Mg – 0.2 %, the mass fraction of carbonates (CaCO3 + MgCO3) makes at least 95 %. It is characterized by a high level of solubility when interacting with moisture in soil. It has a form of white granules, the mass fraction of 4.0–6.0 mm in size granules makes not less than 90 % and the one of 1.0 mm in size makes less than 5 %. Reactivity – 97 %. The granular chalk is advisable to apply on acidic soils, as a highly concentrated calcium-magnesium fertilizer, with the former as the dominant fertilizer, to optimize the physicochemical properties of the soil, as well as the plant nutrition system, in particular, increasing the availability of an element for assimilation by plants and as long-term ameliorants. The eff ectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers, in particular acidic nitrogen on highly and medium acidic soils, after chemical reclamation is increased by 30–50 %, and slightly acidic by 15–20 %. The increase in productivity of crops from the combined eff ects of nutrients and chalk granulated is usually higher than when separately applied. The eff ectiveness of the integrated action of these elements is manifested in the growth of plant productivity and the quality of the resulting products, as well as the optimization of physical chemical properties and soil buff ering in the long term. In order to optimize the physicochemical properties of the arable layer of gray forest soil and the productive nutrition of agricultural crops, winter wheat, in particular, biogenic elements should be used in doses N60-90-120P30-45- 60K60-90-120 with granulated chalk «Slavuta-Calcium» in doses of Ca230-460-690 kg/ha of active substance. Granulated chalk obtained as a result of industrial grinding of solid sedimentary carbonate rocks of natural origin, subsequently under the infl uence of the granulation process of the starting material contains Ca and Mg carbonates of at least 95 %, dense granules which facilitates convenient mechanized application, as well as chalk suitable for accurate metered application on the quest map. Key words: granular chalk, gray forest soil, chemical reclamation, crop productivity.

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Effect of NPK fertilization on the yield of winter wheat and maize and on the nutrient content of the soil in a long-term experiment network in Hungary

Agrokémia és Talajtan ◽

10.1556/agrokem.62.2013.2.10 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 311-330

Author(s):

Jakab Loch ◽

János Lazányi

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Term Experiment ◽

Long Term Experiment ◽

Npk Fertilization

Az Országos Műtrágyázási Tartamkísérletek (OMTK) tizenkét NPK kezeléskombinációjában, kilenc termőhelyen vizsgáltuk az NPK-trágyázás hatását az őszi búza és a kukorica termésére és a talajok 0,01 M CaCl2-oldható tápelemtartalmára. A termőhelyek: Bicsérd (BI), Hajdúböszörmény (HA), Iregszemcse (IR), Karcag (KA), Keszthely (KE), Kompolt (KO), Mosonmagyaróvár (MO), Nagyhörcsök (NA), Putnok (PU). Az NPK kezelések: 000, 101, 111, 121, 201, 220, 221, 222, 331, 341, 421, 441. A N- és P-kezelések a kódoknak megfelelően 50 kg N, ill. P2O5·ha−1, a K-adagok 100 kg K2O·ha−1 hatóanyag-mennyiséggel növekszenek. Az őszi búza termésadatok a 23., 24., 27., 28. és 31. évi kísérletekből, a kukoricatermések a 25., 26., 29. és 30. évből származnak.Az NPK-kezelések jelentősen növelték az őszi búza és a kukorica öt-, illetve négyéves átlagtermését, szignifikáns különbségek jöttek létre a termőhelyek átlagában. Az NPK-kezelések különböző érvényesülése az egyes termőhelyeken az eltérő ökológiai viszonyok, köztük a különböző eredeti tápelemtartalom és szolgáltató képesség következménye.Az NPK-kezelések hatására a talajok 0,01 M CaCl2-oldható tápelemtartalma is jelentősen változott. A növények tápelemigényét meghaladó kezelések tartamhatásaként tápelem-felhalmozódás igazolható mindhárom tápelem esetében. A növények szükségletét meghaladó N-adagok, a karbonátos talajokat és a nagy agyagtartalmú kompolti (KO) talajt kivéve csökkentették a talaj pH-t. A másodfokú görbék az őszi búza ötéves termésátlaga és a 0,01 M CaCl2-ban mért összes-N, P- és K-tartalom közötti összefüggéseket szemléltetik termőhelyenként.A legnagyobb kezeléshatások azokon a talajokon igazolhatók, melyeken a kontroll 0,01 M CaCl2-oldható összes-N értéke kisebb, mint 5–10 mg·kg−1. A 15,0 mg·kg−1 érték felett altalaban nem érvényesült a nitrogén termésnövelő hatása. Kivételt képez a tápanyagban gazdag, hajdúböszörményi nem karbonátos réti talaj. A foszfor termésnövelő hatása 2,0 mg P·kg−1 érték felett — a karbonátos réti talaj kivételével — általában nem érvényesül. Az összefüggéseket jellemző R2 meghatározottsági tényezők a legkisebbek az őszi búza és a talaj 0,01 M CaCl2-oldható K-tartalma között, ami az egyéb tényezők nagyobb szerepére utal.A bemutatott eredmények igazolják, hogy a 0,01 M CaCl2-oldható N-, P- és Kfrakciók alkalmasak a tápanyaghiány és -felesleg jellemzésére. Egyben igazolják, hogy az eltérő ökológiai viszonyok között nagyobb terméskülönbségek jöhetnek létre, mint a kezelések hatására. A környezetkímélő tápanyag-gazdálkodás megköveteli a tápanyagok eltérő érvényesülésének figyelembevételét.A termésadatok átengedéséért köszönet az OMTK Hálózati Tanács elnökének, titkárának, és valamennyi kísérletfelelősnek.

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Effect of Climate Change and Variety on Long-term Variation of Grain Yield and Quality in Winter Wheat in Kazakhstan

Cereal Research Communications ◽

10.1556/crc.2013.0047 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 163-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. Morgounov ◽

A. Abugalieva ◽

S. Martynov

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Term Variation ◽

Grain Yield And Quality

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Biomass production of weeds on the winter wheat stubble in long-term fertilization field experiment

Cereal Research Communications ◽

10.1556/crc.33.2005.1.61 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 251-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Éva Lehoczky ◽

András Kismányoky ◽

Tamás Kismányoky

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Field Experiment ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Wheat Stubble

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NEW VARIETIES OF CURRANTS AND GOOSEBERRY BREEDING PLANTS

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2020/4/41-46 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 41-46

Author(s):

O. D. Golyaeva ◽

O. V. Kurashev ◽

S. D. Knyazev ◽

А. Yu. Bakhotskaya

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Black Currant ◽

Leaf Spots ◽

Agricultural Sciences ◽

Berry Crops ◽

New Varieties ◽

First Time ◽

Red Currant

The main goal of the scientific institution was and remains to improve the assortment of fruit and berry crops for the development of domestic horticulture. Black currant breeding at VNIISPK was started by A.F Tamarova and continued by the doctor of agricultural Sciences T.P.Ogoltsova and doctor of agricultural Sciences S.D. Knyazev. A long-term breeding program has been developed. The main goals of the program are to create black currant cultivars with continuous resistance to diseases, first of all powdery mildew, as wells resistance to pests, i.e. bud mite. As a result of the long-term work, over 40 black currant cultivars have been developed, 14 of them are zoned. Red currant breeding was led by the candidate of agricultural Sciences L.V. Bayanova; since 2001 the work has been continued by the candidate of agricultural Sciences O.D. Golyaeva. ‘Heinemanns Rote Spӓtlese’, the descendant of R. multiflorum Kit., was involved in the red currant breeding for the first time in Russia. On its genetic basis, a series of late maturing cultivars with long and dense racemes was created. At the Institute, in total 21cultivars of red currants have been developed, 13 of them are zoned. At present, red currant cultivars make up 25.5% of the zoned assortment in Russia. The first research on gooseberries was stated by V.P. Semakin and A.F Tamarova; since 1992 the systematic gooseberry breeding has been carried out by the candidate of agricultural Sciences O.V. Kurashev. On the basis of Grossularia robusta, we have created gooseberry forms that are resistant to powdery mildew and leaf spots. These forms are highly productive, weakly thorned, having bush habit suitable for mechanized harvest. The result of breeding activities was the transfer of 6 gooseberry cultivars to State agricultural testing: ‘Solnechny Zaychik’, ‘Nekrasovsky’, ‘Yupiter’, ‘Zemlianichny’, ‘Moryachok’ and ‘Discovery’.

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