scholarly journals Optimal Sugar Compostitions And Conditions For Enhanced Biobutanol Bioproduction From Agriculture Residues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadeel A. Nedaff
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Butanol Production ◽  
Sugar Composition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Agriculture Residues ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Butanol Concentration

Production of alternative non-fossil biofuels based on renewable resources has been the focus of research in the past few decades due to its environmental and economical advantages. The current study focuses on testing two Clostridia strains towards production of butanol. The work was performed in three parts: the first part includes introducing C acetobutylicum ATCC 4259 for butanol production and identifying the proper working conditions for this strain. The following part includes extending investigation of production to examine C. beijerinckiiBA101 and compare with results obtained from C. acetobutylicum. In the last part, an optimization study was conducted on a presently derived mathematical model in order to predict the best sugar composition in the feedstock for maximum production of butanol. Results showed that the agriculture residues are potential biomass resource for biofuel industry sin both Clostridia strains were successfully able to utilize all types of agricultural sugars including hexose and pentose. However, using C. beijerinkckii resulted in 53% higher butanol concentration than using introduced C. acetobutylicum. The yield was fairly comparable, while high acid accumulation found when using C. acetobutylicum made this strain inapplicable to anaerobic batch fermentation without effective system of pH control.

scholarly journals Optimal Sugar Compostitions And Conditions For Enhanced Biobutanol Bioproduction From Agriculture Residues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadeel A. Nedaff
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Butanol Production ◽  
Sugar Composition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Agriculture Residues ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Butanol Concentration

Production of alternative non-fossil biofuels based on renewable resources has been the focus of research in the past few decades due to its environmental and economical advantages. The current study focuses on testing two Clostridia strains towards production of butanol. The work was performed in three parts: the first part includes introducing C acetobutylicum ATCC 4259 for butanol production and identifying the proper working conditions for this strain. The following part includes extending investigation of production to examine C. beijerinckiiBA101 and compare with results obtained from C. acetobutylicum. In the last part, an optimization study was conducted on a presently derived mathematical model in order to predict the best sugar composition in the feedstock for maximum production of butanol. Results showed that the agriculture residues are potential biomass resource for biofuel industry sin both Clostridia strains were successfully able to utilize all types of agricultural sugars including hexose and pentose. However, using C. beijerinkckii resulted in 53% higher butanol concentration than using introduced C. acetobutylicum. The yield was fairly comparable, while high acid accumulation found when using C. acetobutylicum made this strain inapplicable to anaerobic batch fermentation without effective system of pH control.

The prioritization of renewable energy technologies in Pakistan: An urgent need

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-103
Author(s):  
Leezna Saleem ◽  
Imran Ahmad Siddiqui ◽  
Intikhab Ulfat
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Environmental Criteria ◽  
Populous Country ◽  
Selection Of

Pakistan is the world's sixth most populous country, currently facing the worst energy crisis. Although rich in renewable resources, Pakistan's energy system relies mainly on fossil fuels and imported energy for its energy needs. This study aims to use an analytical hierarchy pro-cess to prioritize six renewable technologies for Pakistan, with four criteria and thirteen subcriteria. The results indicate that solar power is particularly well suited for Pakistan, as it gained 42% priority weightage in the final aggregation. Wind energy is ranked second with a priority weight of 24%, followed by hydro 13%, biomass 9%, ocean 8% and geothermal en-ergy 3%. Solar and wind energies accounted for nearly 66% of the total weightage. This result highlighted the significance of economic criteria for the selection of renewable technologies in Pakistan, with around 43% priority weightage. Environmental criteria gained 19% whereas socio-political criteria registered 14% and technical criteria 23% priority weightage. During the potential assessment of the research, it was concluded that although renewable resource development has not been allocated sufficient attention in Pakistan in the past, if the correct decisions are taken regarding the exploitation of these resources, this can remedy the country's hazardous dependence on fossil fuel and imported energy.

Recommendations for Government and Industry

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James X. Dempsey ◽  
Fred H. Cate
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
National Security ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
The Past ◽  
Individual Privacy ◽  
Effective System ◽  
External Accountability ◽  
Corporate Interests ◽  
And Control ◽  
Sector Data

The chapters in this volume are uniform in their commitment to the proposition that terrorism can be effectively fought and national security interests can be defended within a system of oversight and control that protects both corporate interests and individual privacy. Moreover, they are remarkable in their consistency in describing the components of an effective system of checks and balances. This chapter draws on the work of the contributors to this volume and on the flood of policy developments over the past five years to recommend a coherent framework for collection of private-sector data. The elements of this framework for governments are legality, proportionality, and accountability. For corporations, they are based on adoption of internal policies, internal and external accountability, and transparency, backed up by a willingness to challenge overbroad or unjustified government demands.

Learning From the Past

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-126
Author(s):  
Immacolata Carcarino
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
The Past ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Hostile Environments ◽  
Very High

Learning from past experiences should be considered vital in every decision-making process. It becomes even more important when lessons could save lives. Past experiences could indeed support the development of survival courses and reintegration processes for military and civilian personnel deployed in hostile environments. Moreover, the integration of lessons from the past and basic techniques could be useful for anyone working, or simply traveling, in areas where the risk of isolation and/or kidnapping is considered very high. During an isolation event, every aspect should be considered from support to families during captivity to the reintegration into everyday life. Governments, NGOs, and international organizations should look at the past and learn how to establish an effective system to repatriate and reintegrate their representatives.

scholarly journals The Sustainable Management of Land and Fisheries Resources Using Multicriteria Techniques: A Meta-Analysis

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Luis Diaz-Balteiro ◽  
Carlos Iglesias-Merchan ◽  
Carlos Romero ◽  
Silvestre García de Jalón
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Making ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multicriteria Decision ◽  
The Past ◽  
Management Models ◽  
Fisheries Resources

In recent years modern societies have attached a multifunctional requirement to the use of renewable resources, making their optimal sustainable management more complex. In the last decades, in many cases, this complexity is addressed by formulating management models with the help of the concepts and methods belonging to the well-known multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) paradigm. The purpose of this paper was to undertake a hermeneutic meta-analysis of the literature provided in primary journals on issues related to the management of these resources with the help of the MCDM paradigm. In this way, the paper aimed to obtain new, basic insights with considerations that might improve the efficiency of future research in the field studied. The meta-analysis was implemented by formulating and testing a battery of hypotheses of how the MCDM methods have been used in the past for the formulation of management models for the type of resource analyzed.

An Alternative Process for Butanol Production: Continuous Flash Fermentation

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Pinto Mariano ◽  
Dejanira de Franceschi de Angelis ◽  
Francisco Maugeri Filho ◽  
Daniel Ibraim Pires Atala ◽  
Maria Regina Wolf Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Development ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Butanol Production ◽  
Retention System ◽  
Butanol Concentration ◽  
Sugar Conversion

The objective of this work is to introduce and demonstrate the technical feasibility of the continuous flash fermentation for the production of butanol. The evaluation was carried out through mathematical modeling and computer simulation which is a good approach in such a process development stage. The process consists of three interconnected units, as follows: the fermentor, the cell retention system (tangential microfiltration) and the vacuum flash vessel (responsible for the continuous recovery of butanol from the broth). The efficiency of this process was experimentally validated for the ethanol fermentation, whose main results are also shown. With the proposed design the concentration of butanol in the fermentor was lowered from 11.3 to 7.8 g/l, which represented a significant reduction in the inhibitory effect. As a result, the final concentration of butanol was 28.2 g/l for a broth with 140 g/l of glucose. Solvents productivity and yield were, respectively, 11.7 g/l.h and 33.5 % for a sugar conversion of 95.6 %. Positive aspects about the flash fermentation process are the solvents productivity, the use of concentrated sugar solution and the final butanol concentration. The last two features can be responsible for a meaningful reduction in the distillation costs and result in environmental benefits due to lower quantities of wastewater generated by the process.

scholarly journals Extracting Maximum Power from PV Model using Fuzzy Logic Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 561-565
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
External Aid ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Technique

Electricity has become an inseparable part of our daily lives, its domain approach is boundless. Due to continuous use of energy resources (both renewable and non- renewable), it is our priority to conserve our resources. What is extracting power through PV cell? Solar energy is inexhaustible and can be extracted to electrical energy which eases the high consumption of non renewable resources. How to maximize the solar energy? Maximum energy can be obtained by some external aid in the form of MPPT. Why do we incorporate different techniques in a MPPT? To control the maintenance of operating point of PV array at its maximum peak Optimization of renewable energy has drastically increased over the past few decades and now capable of conservation at a higher level. Solar energy is prime example of renewable source. Not more than 50% solar irradiance is converted to solar energy without any external aid (MPPT). These techniques are mentioned in the literature work below and the respective algorithms as well.

scholarly journals Biopolymer Nanofibers for Nanogenerator Development

Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Lulu Bai ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
Ya Yang ◽  
Shengjie Ling ◽  
Haipeng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Novel Materials ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Structures And Properties ◽  
Personal Perspectives

The development of nanogenerators (NGs) with optimal performances and functionalities requires more novel materials. Over the past decade, biopolymer nanofibers (BPNFs) have become critical sustainable building blocks in energy-related fields because they have distinctive nanostructures and properties and can be obtained from abundant and renewable resources. This review summarizes recent advances in the use of BPNFs for NG development. We will begin by introducing various strategies for fabricating BPNFs with diverse structures and performances. Then, we will systematically present the utilization of polysaccharide and protein nanofibers for NGs. We will mainly focus on the use of BPNFs to generate bulk materials with tailored structures and properties for assembling of triboelectric and piezoelectric NGs. The use of BPNFs to construct NGs for the generation of electricity from moisture and osmosis is also discussed. Finally, we illustrate our personal perspectives on several issues that require special attention with regard to future developments in this active field.

Recent Advances in Green Composites

2010 ◽  
Vol 425 ◽  
pp. 107-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Gejo ◽  
Joseph Kuruvilla ◽  
Abderrahim Boudenne ◽  
Thomas Sabu
Keyword(s):  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Green Composites ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Food Market

This review aims at reporting on very recent developments in the, properties and applications of Green Composites. One very important aspect of green composites is that they can be designed and tailored to meet different requirements. Recent advances in natural fiber development offer significant oppurtunities for improved materials from renewable resources. Biocomposites offer a significant non-food market for crop-derived fibres and resins. Considerable growth has been seen in the use of biocomposites in the automotive and decking markets over the past decade or so, but application in other sectors has hitherto been limited. Recent developments of different biodegradable polymers and biocomposites are discussed in this review article.

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