scholarly journals The effect of essential oils on the growth of bacteria from municipal wastewater treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed M. Raza Bokhari
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Disc Diffusion Assay ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Bacterial sensitivity to essential oils has been reported in the case of soil isolated bacteria, food isolated bacteria but there is little evidence available to support the fact that wastewater isolated bacteria show sensitivity to essential oils. Keeping in view this fact the present investigation aims to determine the wastewater isolated bacterial strains sensitivity to six commercially available plant essential oils including clove, cinnamon, oregano, tea tree, fennel, and wintergreen. The essential oils were tested against ten laboratory bacterial strains (Acinetobacter baumanii, Escherichia coli: DH5α, E.coli: AD202, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas poae, Pseudomonas putida, staphylococcus aureus, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) (2) and ten wastewater isolated bacterial strains (Acinetobacter baumanii, Acinetobacter bouretii, Aeromonas hydrophila, E.coli, Enterobacter cloaceae, Flavobacterium branchiophilum, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas staurtii, Serratia fonticola, and Staphylococcus muscae) using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay, and the broth tube macrodilution MIC assay. The disc-diffusion assay showed that three of the oils, clove, cinnamon and oregano, were the most effective at inhibiting the growth of all the known single isolates. The broth tube MIC assay found that the WWTP isolated bacterial strains such as E. coli, Staphylococcus muscae, Enterobacter cloaceae, Acinetobacter baumanii were most sensitive to clove oil at MIC concentration ≤ 0.52 mg/ml, cinnamon oil at MIC concentration ≤ 0.51 mg/ml, and oregano oil MIC concentration ≤ 0.47 mg/ml. Finally, wastewater microbial community samples from activated sludge, returned sludge and anaerobic digesters were reduced by 0% > 94.24%, 46% > 99%, 70% > 97% percent when tested against clove, cinnamon, and oregano oils.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of In vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Cinnamomum tamala Extract and their Essential Oils of Two Different Chemotypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Naik ◽  
Syed Zafar Haider ◽  
Ujjwal Bhandari ◽  
Hema Lohani ◽  
Nirpendra Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Assay ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Background: The essential oils of aromatic plants have wide range of biological applications. Natural food preservatives have been always a demanding for food industries in both developed and developing countries to prevent bacterial growth in food stuffs. Therefore, focused on Cinnamon leaves essential oils components against food pathogens have been investigated to confirm its potential use in food products. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of two Cinnamon leaves oils and extracts (T-2 and T-19) were examined by disc diffusion assay and the minimum inhibitory concentration by two-fold serial dilution method against foodborn pathogenic microorganisms i.e. E.coli (MTCC 723), B. Cereus (MTCC 430), S. aureus (MTCC 3381), S. typhi (MTCC 734) and C. perfringens (MTCC 1349). The antioxidant activity of both essential oils and extract was determined by DPPH assay. The chemical profiling of Cinnamon essential oils were determined by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Result: The antimicrobial activity of both Cinnamon leaves oils and extract were evaluated by disc diffusion assay and it showed that in essential oils and extracts exhibited the highest zone of inhibition (ZOI) against S. aureus and E.coli. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of both oils and extracts ranged from 0.156 mg/ml to 5mg/ml and the antioxidant properties of oils and extract of cinnamaldehyde type Cinnamon possessed the highest antioxidant activity than linalool type. The chemical constituent of Cinnamon oil was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed that T-2 contains cinnamaldehyde (75%) and T-19 contains Linalool (63.77%) were found as major constituents. Therefore the results shows that essential oil of cinnamaldehyde type Cinnamon could be a potential rich source of natural antioxidants and also more effective against food borne pathogens than linalool type and could be used as natural antibacterial agents in food preservation.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from selected herbs cultivated in the South of Brazil against food spoilage and foodborne pathogens

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1300-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Mello da Silveira ◽  
Anildo Cunha Júnior ◽  
Gerson Neudí Scheuermann ◽  
Fábio Luiz Secchi ◽  
Cleide Rosana Werneck Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Cymbopogon Flexuosus ◽  
South Of Brazil

The chemical composition of 10 selected plant essential oils obtained by steam distillation was determined by GC and GC/MS. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was screened against 12 important food-related bacterial strains by agar disc-diffusion assay. MIC and MBC were determined for the essential oils that presented the highest activity in the agar disc-diffusion test. The most active essential oils against the tested bacteria were, in descending order, lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus), basil (Ocimum basilicum), oregano (Origanum vulgare), cinnamon leaf (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), and laurel (Laurus nobilis). Except for S. Typhimurium, the tested bateria were inhibited at MIC values lower or equal to 0.62mg mL-1 by lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) essential oil. Yersinia enterocolitica presented the highest sensitivity to all essential oils tested (CMI≤0.62mg mL-1). There was a significant correlation (P<0.05) between oxygenated monoterpenes levels in the essential oils and MIC and MBC values against Escherichia coli. Results showed that the evaluated essential oils present high potential as natural preservatives.

scholarly journals Enaminone-Derived Pyrazoles with Antimicrobial Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mashooq Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Mohamed A. Al-Omar ◽  
Ahmed M. Naglah ◽  
Abdul Arif Khan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Disc Diffusion Assay ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Assay

A series of pyrazoles derived from the substituted enaminones were synthesized and were evaluated for antimicrobial activity. All the compounds were characterized by the spectral data and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were initially screened for their antimicrobial activity against ATCC 6538, NCTC 10400, NCTC 10418, and ATCC 27853. During initial screening, compounds (P1, P6, and P11) presented significant antimicrobial activity through disc diffusion assay. These compounds were further evaluated for antimicrobial activity at different time points against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and presented significant activity for 6 hours. The activity was found to be greater against Gram-positive bacteria. In contrast at 24 hours, the activity was found only against Gram-positive bacteria except compound (P11), showing activity against both types of bacteria. Compound (P11) was found to have highest activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

scholarly journals Plant Essential Oils and Mastitis Disease: Their Potential Inhibitory Effects on Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Production in Response to Bacteria Related Inflammation

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Taga ◽  
Christopher Q. Lan ◽  
Illimar Altosaar
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Volatile ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

This paper highlights the role of plant volatile organic compounds, found in essential oils, for the treatment of bacteria related inflammation. This report is focused on tea tree oil, particularly its main compound terpinen-4-ol. Analysis of the published literature shows that many essential oils have significant antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects. Some of their major components, such as terpinen-4-ol, act by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine expression while stimulating production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Such observations may be exploited to encourage biotherapy against mastitis. The use of synthetic antibiotics is being increasingly discouraged because their presence in dairy milk may have potential downstream effects on population health and the agri-food chain. In the context of inflammation and related mammalian responses, understanding the interplay between volatile organic compounds, especially terpinen-4-ol, and cytokines during bacteria related inflammation should clarify their mode of action to control mastitis.

Comparison of disc diffusion assay with the CLSI reference method (M27-A2) for testing in vitro posaconazole activity against common and uncommon yeasts

2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Canton ◽  
J. Peman ◽  
A. Espinel-Ingroff ◽  
E. Martin-Mazuelos ◽  
A. Carrillo-Munoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Assay ◽  
Diffusion Assay

scholarly journals Discrimination between Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma species of bovine origin using digitonin disc diffusion assay, nisin disc diffusion assay, and conventional polymerase chain reaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukolrat Boonyayatra ◽  
Lawrence K. Fox ◽  
John M. Gay ◽  
Ashish Sawant ◽  
Thomas E. Besser
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Disc Diffusion Assay ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Microbiological culture of milk samples has been used as a standard diagnosis for Mycoplasma mastitis. This technique is effective in isolating mollicutes that are Mycoplasma-like; however, isolates may be misinterpreted as Acholeplasma species, which are indistinguishable from Mycoplasma species by culture. A study to contrast the abilities of 2 culture-based tests, digitonin and nisin disc diffusion assays and a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, to discriminate between Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma was performed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene partial sequencing as the gold standard of comparison. A total of 288 bovine mollicute field isolates (248 from milk and 40 from other organ sites) and 13 reference strains were tested. Results obtained from the digitonin disc diffusion assay when it was performed with all field isolates were 92.7% and 99.0% in agreement with the gold standard using 5 mm and 3 mm of zone of growth inhibition as thresholds, respectively. Considering only milk isolates, agreements between the digitonin disc diffusion assay with the gold standard were 97.2% and 100% using 5 mm and 3 mm of zone of growth inhibition as thresholds, respectively. Culture identification using the nisin disc diffusion assay and the PCR was in a 100% agreement with the gold standard. Comparable results using culture-based nisin and digitonin disc diffusion assays, and PCR, to distinguish Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma species was found, especially for isolates from bovine milk.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Hyptis suaveolens and Moringa oleifera in the Control of Soil-Borne Pathogens

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Okoro, Chisom Augusta ◽  
Onaebi, Chiemeka Nwakaego
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Disc Diffusion Assay ◽  
Phytophthora Colocasiae ◽  
Hyptis Suaveolens ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Aim: Soil-borne diseases are difficult to control because they are caused by pathogens that can survive for long periods in the absence of the normal crop host and often have a wide host range including weeds. This present study was design to assess the antifungal assay dependent effect of methanolic extracts of Hyptis suaveolens and Moringa oleifera on Phytophthora colocasiae and Fusarium oxysporum. Methods: The presence of biologically active ingredients (alkaloid, saponin, tannins, flavonoid, terpenoids, tannins, steroids, hydrogen cyanides, phenols and glycoside) in the leaf extracts was investigated using standard procedures. The antifungal activities of the plant extract were tested against Phytophthora colocasiae and Fusarium oxysporum using disc and well diffusion assays. Results: The results of the phytochemical evaluated showed that H. suaveolens, contained significantly higher alkaloids, saponins, hydrogen cyanide, flavonoids and phenols than M. oleifera, while on the other hand, M. oleifera contained significantly higher terpenoids, tannins, steroids and glycosides. Consequently, H. suaveolens extract similarly recorded significantly (P < 0.05) higher inhibition on the organisms as compared to M. oleifera. The disc diffusion assay method was more sensitive than the well diffusion assay. H. suaveolens at 100 mg/ml using disc diffusion assay method showed higher inhibition on both P. colocasiae and F. oxysporum. While M. oleifera recorded higher inhibition on F. oxysporum at 50 mg/ml and P. colocasiae at 100 mg/ml using the disc diffusion assay method. MIC was lowest with H. suaveolens (12.5 mg/ml) against F. oxysporum. Conclusion: These results promote the identification of actives substances from these plants for use as lead molecules in the development of new fungicides for the control of Phytophthora colocasiae and Fusarium oxysporum.

scholarly journals Activity of Plant Essential Oils Against Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
Joanna Wróblewska ◽  
◽  
Jarosław Nuszkiewicz ◽  
Marcin Wróblewski ◽  
Alina Woźniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Tea Tree Oil ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Demodex Folliculorum ◽  
Demodex Brevis ◽  
Selection Of

Infestation with Demodex spp. is an increasingly common dermatological and ophthalmic problem. Preparations for daily cleaning of eyes and the surrounding area (gels, soaked wipes) contain mainly tea tree oil or terpinen-4-ol. To date, the use of other essential oils supporting the fight against demodicosis is limited due to insufficient number of clinical trials. The aim of this review is to present the most commonly used medicinal plants and their active ingredients used in the treatment of infestation with Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis, with particular emphasis on tea tree oil. PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar databases were searched for the selection of scientific literature. (JNNN 2020;9(4):160–165) Key Words: Demodex brevis, Demodex folliculorum, essential oil, parasitic disease, tea tree oil

scholarly journals In vitro evaluation of eight plant essential oils for controlling Colletotrichum, Botryosphaeria, Fusarium and Phytophthora fruit rots of avocado, mango and papaya

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarkhosh Ali ◽  
Schaffer Bruce ◽  
Vargas Ana I ◽  
Palmateer Aaron J ◽  
Lopez Patricia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
In Vitro Evaluation ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Thyme Oil ◽  
Application Rates

In vitro efficacy of the essential oils extracted from eight plant species was tested at application rates of 100, 250, 500, 1000, or 2000 µl/l for controlling fruit rots. Results showed a 100% reduction of mycelium growth of Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Phytophthora, Botryosphaeria after applying thyme or savory oils at all concentrations tested. Mint and cinnamon oils inhibited mycelium growth of the five isolates at application rates of either 1000 or 2000 µl/l. Tea tree, lavender, myrtle, and eucalyptus oils were slightly effective at controlling mycelium growth of each fungus species tested. Savory oil with major constituent of carvacrol 71.2% and thyme oil with major constituent of thymol 73.3% showed the greatest potential of the essential oils tested for use as natural fungicides.

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