scholarly journals Production of green bacterial cellulose nanofibers by utilizing renewable resources of algae in comparison with agricultural residue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minakshi Goyat
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Agricultural Residue ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Separate Hydrolysis And Fermentation ◽  
Agriculture Residues ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Lower Production

Bacterial Cellulose (BC) was synthesized through utilizing algae as a sustainable and renewable carbon source in comparison with agriculture residues (i.e., Wheat Straws (WS)). BC was produced in separate hydrolysis and fermentation method (SHF) using Gluconacetobacter xylinum (G.xylinum). Results for the individual and total sugars were analyzed in comparison with corresponding results from WS hydrolysis. Results show that highest total sugars content was obtained with algae samples that were hydrolyzed using enzymes (Cellulase, β-glycosidase, and Xylanase) and produced 27.58 g/L. Similarly, WS hydrolysis under same conditions produced 52.12 g/L. The lowest total sugars production was obtained with algae sample that was hydrolyzed using 1% of acid at 121°C. Produced sugars were utilized in SHF to produce BC, with highest production of 4.86 g/L BC was achieved with algae sample that went through enzymatic hydrolysis. The equivalent production that was obtained from WS hydrolysis was 10.6 g/L Results obtained from individual sugars indicated that among all individual sugars glucose was maximum consumed i.e. 80-85%of glucose sugar was consumed where the lowest was arabinose which was only 50% consumed during fermentation. The lower production of BC using algae compared to WS (approximately half) as algae we used was unprocessed means it had oil content in it. About 30-60% of algae dry weight was utilized for production of oil and rest amount of feedstock was only used for hydrolysis and fermentation.

scholarly journals Production of green bacterial cellulose nanofibers by utilizing renewable resources of algae in comparison with agricultural residue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minakshi Goyat
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Agricultural Residue ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Separate Hydrolysis And Fermentation ◽  
Agriculture Residues ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Lower Production

Bacterial Cellulose (BC) was synthesized through utilizing algae as a sustainable and renewable carbon source in comparison with agriculture residues (i.e., Wheat Straws (WS)). BC was produced in separate hydrolysis and fermentation method (SHF) using Gluconacetobacter xylinum (G.xylinum). Results for the individual and total sugars were analyzed in comparison with corresponding results from WS hydrolysis. Results show that highest total sugars content was obtained with algae samples that were hydrolyzed using enzymes (Cellulase, β-glycosidase, and Xylanase) and produced 27.58 g/L. Similarly, WS hydrolysis under same conditions produced 52.12 g/L. The lowest total sugars production was obtained with algae sample that was hydrolyzed using 1% of acid at 121°C. Produced sugars were utilized in SHF to produce BC, with highest production of 4.86 g/L BC was achieved with algae sample that went through enzymatic hydrolysis. The equivalent production that was obtained from WS hydrolysis was 10.6 g/L Results obtained from individual sugars indicated that among all individual sugars glucose was maximum consumed i.e. 80-85%of glucose sugar was consumed where the lowest was arabinose which was only 50% consumed during fermentation. The lower production of BC using algae compared to WS (approximately half) as algae we used was unprocessed means it had oil content in it. About 30-60% of algae dry weight was utilized for production of oil and rest amount of feedstock was only used for hydrolysis and fermentation.

scholarly journals Influence of biological origin on the tensile properties of cellulose nanopapers

Cellulose ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katri S. Kontturi ◽  
Koon-Yang Lee ◽  
Mitchell P. Jones ◽  
William W. Sampson ◽  
Alexander Bismarck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Fiber Mats

Abstract Cellulose nanopapers provide diverse, strong and lightweight templates prepared entirely from sustainable raw materials, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). Yet the strength of CNFs has not been fully capitalized in the resulting nanopapers and the relative influence of CNF strength, their bonding, and biological origin to nanopaper strength are unknown. Here, we show that basic principles from paper physics can be applied to CNF nanopapers to illuminate those relationships. Importantly, it appeared that ~ 200 MPa was the theoretical maximum for nanopapers with random fibril orientation. Furthermore, we demonstrate the contrast in tensile strength for nanopapers prepared from bacterial cellulose (BC) and wood-based nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). Endemic amorphous polysaccharides (hemicelluloses) in NFC act as matrix in NFC nanopapers, strengthening the bonding between CNFs just like it improves the bonding between CNFs in the primary cell wall of plants. The conclusions apply to all composites containing non-woven fiber mats as reinforcement. Graphic abstract

INFLUENCE OF CLIPPING HEIGHT ON THE NEUTRAL CARBOHYDRATE LEVELS OF ROOT EXUDATES OF ALFALFA PLANTS GROWN UNDER GNOTOBIOTIC CONDITIONS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. HAMLEN ◽  
F. L. LUKEZIC ◽  
J. R. BLOOM
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudates ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Spectral Techniques ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels

Influence of clipping height on neutral carbohydrate levels in root exudates of alfalfa grown gnotobiotically was investigated by gas-chromatographic and mass-spectral techniques. Exudates were obtained from plants that were lightly clipped (removal of flower buds), intermediately clipped (15 cm), and severely clipped (removal of all but four mature leaves). Glucose, inositol, sucrose, and four unidentified (U) components were detected. Fluctuations in the level of sugars were observed in exudates from two sampling periods. Glucose and U1 were most concentrated under light clipping. Levels of inositol and sucrose were maximum under intermediate clipping. Amounts of U3 were greatest from severely clipped plants, whereas levels of U5 remained constant at all cuttings. Concentration of U4 was lowest under severe clipping. U2, present in exudates from seedling plants, was not detected. Quantities of sugars released per gram of dry weight of root tissue were greater under severe clipping. U1 was the major component, with glucose, inositol, and sucrose minor components of the total sugars.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Study of Variety Oenological Potential Using Statistic Tools for the Efficient Use of Non-Renewable Resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4003
Author(s):  
Sílvia Petronilho ◽  
Alisa Rudnitskaya ◽  
Manuel A. Coimbra ◽  
Sílvia M. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The evaluation of the variety suitability regarding each appellation’s specificities should be a strategy for maximizing the varieties’ oenological potential while contributing to the sustainable production of quality wines, keeping their typicity and rationalizing winemaking costs. Thus, the combination of several grape physicochemical attributes, modulated by climate and vineyard characteristics, providing knowledge for each grape variety’s oenological potential, is a relevant and reliable support for winemakers’ decisions. To prove this hypothesis, six mature grape varieties from three harvests, each one from three vineyard parcels with different topographical conditions from Bairrada Appellation (Portugal), were studied using analysis of variance–simultaneous components analysis (ASCA). The effects of harvest year and parcel on grape berry weight, pH, titratable acidity, total sugars, total phenolics, antiradical activity, and volatile composition in free and glycosidically-linked forms were analyzed. The compositional plasticity of autochthonous varieties (white Arinto and Bical and red Baga, Castelão, and Touriga Nacional) was observed. Sauvignon Blanc grape composition was significantly modulated by harvest. This study represents an important contribution for the maintenance of varieties’ biodiversity while contributing to establishing their peculiarities. Autochthonous varieties, if accurately exploited, can provide higher characteristic diversity than worldwide used varieties, an aspect to be more objectively taken into consideration by winemakers.

Surface Modification of Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibers for Property Enhancement of Optically Transparent Composites:  Dependence on Acetyl-Group DS

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1973-1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinsuke Ifuku ◽  
Masaya Nogi ◽  
Kentaro Abe ◽  
Keishin Handa ◽  
Fumiaki Nakatsubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Optically Transparent ◽  
Acetyl Group ◽  
Transparent Composites

scholarly journals The distribution of phospholipase D in developing and mature plants

1969 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 787-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Quarles ◽  
R. M. C. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase D ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Carrot Root ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Central Stalk ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Germination And Growth

1. The distribution of phospholipase D (phosphatidylcholine phosphatido-hydrolase, EC 3.1.4.4) was examined in the tissues of a number of plants and seeds. 2. The highest activities were found in various swollen storage tissues of certain plants: cabbage, central stalk; cauliflower, flower; celery, swollen leaf stalk; Kohl rabi, swollen stem; carrot, root; pea and marrow, seed. 3. Appreciable activity was retained in pea seeds for at least 1 year after drying. After germination and growth in the dark the total activity present in the cotyledons and also in the whole seedling decreased. 4. In the growing pea seedling (7 days old), about 3% of the total activity was in the plumule, 9% in the root and the remainder in the cotyledons. However, the activity in the root on a dry-weight basis was higher than that in the cotyledons. In both the root and the plumule the activity on a wet- or a dry-weight basis was highest in the growing tip. 5. The activity per dry weight in the roots and aerial parts of pea plants declined to low values as growth continued, but roots struck from cuttings of mature plants showed the same high activity as found in roots from young seedlings with cotyledons attached. 6. The total phospholipids present in the cotyledons of pea seeds were depleted on germination and growth. Of the individual phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine showed the same loss in 11 days as the whole phospholipid fraction, whereas phosphatidylinositol was decreased to a greater extent and cardiolipin and phosphatidylserine were not decreased. There was no increase of phosphatidic acid, as might have been expected if the phospholipids had disappeared through phospholipase D hydrolysis. 7. It is concluded that phospholipase D in plant storage tissues and seeds may be related to the rapid growth involved in their formation rather than being necessary for the utilization of their food reserve substances.

Comparative study of paper and nanopaper properties prepared from bacterial cellulose nanofibers and fibers/ground cellulose nanofibers of canola straw

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 732-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Yousefi ◽  
Mehdi Faezipour ◽  
Sahab Hedjazi ◽  
Mohammad Mazhari Mousavi ◽  
Yoshio Azusa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Canola Straw

scholarly journals Impact of Different Seed Rates and Knocking Down Days of Sesbania on Weed Density and Yield of Dry Direct Seeded Rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-365
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Santosh Marahatta ◽  
Manisha Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Plot Design

The weed is a major constraint of dry-direct seeded rice (DDSR) due to change in establishment methods and shifting weed flora towards competitive grasses and sedges. To minimize the weed density, its species and dry weight with brown manuring and for optimizing the yield of DDSR, the experiment was conducted during monsoon season of 2014 at Chitwan, Nepal. The experiment was done using a strip plot design to find the optimum seed rate and killing date of Sesbania under rice-Sesbania co-culture. Among different seed rates (60, 80, 100 kg ha-1) and knocking down days (21, 28, 35 & 42 DAS) of Sesbania, the optimum seed rate of Sesbania was 102 kg ha-1 and killing date was 32 days. The individual plot size was 5 x 4 m2. The growing of Sesbania with 100 kg seeds ha-1 along with its knocked down at 28 DAS was seen best to minimize the weeds having better performance of rice. The experiment clearly demonstrated the importance of brown manuring on effective control of weeds and on grain yield of rice under dry direct seeded rice. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(4): 359-365

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