scholarly journals Characterization of the Hygrothermal Properties of Wood Fibre Insulaton Board

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Leanne Fordice
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Sorption ◽  
Wood Fibre ◽  
Variable Nature ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
High Thermal Resistance ◽  
Moisture Storage ◽  
Increasing Temperature

High thermal resistance building envelopes comprising wood fibre insulation board (WFIB) contribute to a reduction in building energy consumption associated with unwanted heat losses and gains. The longterm performance and durability of the WFIB material may perform differently than expected due to the temperature and moisture dependent material characteristics, including moisture sorption, vapour permeance, and thermal conductivity. This research investigated the characterization of hygrothermal properties of WFIB at temperatures and relative humidities expected for a Canadian climate. The hygrothermal characteristics of WFIB were determined to have a range of values as a result of the variable nature of wood fibre materials with temperature and moisture, and the variability of WFIB materials amongst manufactured products. The variabilities of these hygrothermal properties are expected to impact the materials overall moisture storage at various in-situ temperature and relative humidity conditions, and the materials ability to transport moisture at various in-situ temperature and relative humidity conditions. Additionally, the thermal performance of WFIB is expected to vary with in-situ temperature and relative humidity conditions, with increased thermal losses/gains with increasing temperature and increasing relative humidities.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Hygrothermal Properties of Wood Fibre Insulaton Board

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Leanne Fordice
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Sorption ◽  
Wood Fibre ◽  
Variable Nature ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
High Thermal Resistance ◽  
Moisture Storage ◽  
Increasing Temperature

High thermal resistance building envelopes comprising wood fibre insulation board (WFIB) contribute to a reduction in building energy consumption associated with unwanted heat losses and gains. The longterm performance and durability of the WFIB material may perform differently than expected due to the temperature and moisture dependent material characteristics, including moisture sorption, vapour permeance, and thermal conductivity. This research investigated the characterization of hygrothermal properties of WFIB at temperatures and relative humidities expected for a Canadian climate. The hygrothermal characteristics of WFIB were determined to have a range of values as a result of the variable nature of wood fibre materials with temperature and moisture, and the variability of WFIB materials amongst manufactured products. The variabilities of these hygrothermal properties are expected to impact the materials overall moisture storage at various in-situ temperature and relative humidity conditions, and the materials ability to transport moisture at various in-situ temperature and relative humidity conditions. Additionally, the thermal performance of WFIB is expected to vary with in-situ temperature and relative humidity conditions, with increased thermal losses/gains with increasing temperature and increasing relative humidities.

scholarly journals Misfit in Inconel-Type Superalloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Strunz ◽  
Martin Petrenec ◽  
Vadim Davydov ◽  
Jaroslav Polák ◽  
Přemysl Beran
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Lattice Parameters ◽  
Neutron Diffractometer ◽  
High Temperature Furnace ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Increasing Temperature

An important parameter for the characterization of microstructural changes in nickel base superalloys is the misfit - the relative difference between lattice parameters ofγmatrix andγ′precipitates. The misfit in IN738LC superalloy was examined at POLDI time-of-flight (TOF) neutron diffractometer both at room temperature and in situ at elevated temperatures using a high-temperature furnace. A careful out-of-furnace measurement yielded the lattice parameters of bothγandγ′phase at room temperature (aγ=3.58611(10) Å,aγ′=3.58857(17) Å) as well as the misfit (equal to6.9(6)×10-4). The in situ measurement at elevated temperatures provided the temperature dependence of the lattice parameters ofγ(up to 1120°C) andγ′(up to 1000°C). Using these data, the evolution of the misfit with temperature was calculated. The misfit decreases with increasing temperature until it reaches zero value at a temperature around 800°C. Above 800°C, it becomes negative.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

A very rapid in situ Kikuchi technique to determine relative crystal misorientation

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 830-831
Author(s):  
J. I. Bennetch
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Superplastic Forming ◽  
The Other ◽  
Kikuchi Pattern ◽  
Kikuchi Line ◽  
Line Analysis

In a recent study of the superplastic forming (SPF) behavior of certain Al-Li-X alloys, the relative misorientation between adjacent (sub)grains proved to be an important parameter. It is well established that the most accurate way to determine misorientation across boundaries is by Kikuchi line analysis. However, the SPF study required the characterization of a large number of (sub)grains in each sample to be statistically meaningful, a very time-consuming task even for comparatively rapid Kikuchi analytical techniques.In order to circumvent this problem, an alternate, even more rapid in-situ Kikuchi technique was devised, eliminating the need for the developing of negatives and any subsequent measurements on photographic plates. All that is required is a double tilt low backlash goniometer capable of tilting ± 45° in one axis and ± 30° in the other axis. The procedure is as follows. While viewing the microscope screen, one merely tilts the specimen until a standard recognizable reference Kikuchi pattern is centered, making sure, at the same time, that the focused electron beam remains on the (sub)grain in question.

Coherent electron nanodiffraction from clean silver nano particles in a UHV STEM

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1058-1059
Author(s):  
J. Liu ◽  
M. Pan ◽  
G. E. Spinnler
Keyword(s):  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Shape Structure ◽  
Dynamical Simulations ◽  
Small Metal Particles ◽  
Extract Information

Small metal particles have peculiar chemical and physical properties as compared to bulk materials. They are especially important in catalysis since metal particles are common constituents of supported catalysts. The structural characterization of small particles is of primary importance for the understanding of structure-catalytic activity relationships. The shape and size of metal particles larger than approximately 5 nm in diameter can be determined by several imaging techniques. It is difficult, however, to deduce the shape of smaller metal particles. Coherent electron nanodiffraction (CEND) patterns from nano particles contain information about the particle size, shape, structure and defects etc. As part of an on-going program of STEM characterization of supported catalysts we report some preliminary results of CEND study of Ag nano particles, deposited in situ in a UHV STEM instrument, and compare the experimental results with full dynamical simulations in order to extract information about the shape of Ag nano particles.

Characterization of the glycoconjugates of boar testis and epididymis

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Calvo ◽  
LM Pastor ◽  
S Bonet ◽  
E Pinart ◽  
M Ventura
Keyword(s):  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Lectin Histochemistry ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
In Situ Characterization ◽  
Intense Staining ◽  
Terminal Galactose ◽  
Boar Spermatozoa

Lectin histochemistry was used to perform in situ characterization of the glycoconjugates present in boar testis and epididymis. Thirteen horseradish peroxidase- or digoxigenin-labelled lectins were used in samples obtained from healthy fertile boars. The acrosomes of the spermatids were stained intensely by lectins with affinity for galactose and N-acetyl-galactosamine residues, these being soybean, peanut and Ricinus communis agglutinins. Sertoli cells were stained selectively by Maackia ammurensis agglutinin. The lamina propria of seminiferous tubules showed the most intense staining with fucose-binding lectins. The Golgi area and the apical part of the principal cells of the epididymis were stained intensely with many lectins and their distribution was similar in the three zones of the epididymis. On the basis of lectin affinity, both testis and epididymis appear to have N- and O-linked glycoconjugates. Spermatozoa from different epididymal regions showed different expression of terminal galactose and N-acetyl-galactosamine. Sialic acid (specifically alpha2,3 neuraminic-5 acid) was probably incorporated into spermatozoa along the extratesticular ducts. These findings indicate that the development and maturation of boar spermatozoa are accompanied by changes in glycoconjugates. As some lectins stain cellular or extracellular compartments specifically, these lectins could be useful markers in histopathological evaluation of diseases of boar testis and epididymis.

Spectro-mechanical Characterization of Aromaticity and Maturity of Kerogens in Oil Shale at 6 nm Spatial Resolution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devon Jakob ◽  
Le Wang ◽  
Haomin Wang ◽  
Xiaoji Xu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Optical Diffraction ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Eagle Ford Shale

<p>In situ measurements of the chemical compositions and mechanical properties of kerogen help understand the formation, transformation, and utilization of organic matter in the oil shale at the nanoscale. However, the optical diffraction limit prevents attainment of nanoscale resolution using conventional spectroscopy and microscopy. Here, we utilize peak force infrared (PFIR) microscopy for multimodal characterization of kerogen in oil shale. The PFIR provides correlative infrared imaging, mechanical mapping, and broadband infrared spectroscopy capability with 6 nm spatial resolution. We observed nanoscale heterogeneity in the chemical composition, aromaticity, and maturity of the kerogens from oil shales from Eagle Ford shale play in Texas. The kerogen aromaticity positively correlates with the local mechanical moduli of the surrounding inorganic matrix, manifesting the Le Chatelier’s principle. In situ spectro-mechanical characterization of oil shale will yield valuable insight for geochemical and geomechanical modeling on the origin and transformation of kerogen in the oil shale.</p>

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