scholarly journals The dynamic competition hypothesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehan Taj Malik
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Discrete Time ◽  
Dynamic Competition ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Big Brother ◽  
Social Game ◽  
The Social ◽  
Competition Hypothesis ◽  
Negative Relationships ◽  
Over Time

We study competitive and negative interactions in real world social network in which nodes represent agents and edges appear over discrete time step. We consider directed social network of competing agents that evolve dynamically over time, where directed edges represent some kind of negative relationships between the agents in the social network. We present a novel hypothesis to identify the alliances and leaders within the the dynamic competition networks. We verify our hypothesis by using historical voting data of the social game shows Survivor and Big Brother.

scholarly journals The dynamic competition hypothesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehan Taj Malik
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Discrete Time ◽  
Dynamic Competition ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Big Brother ◽  
Social Game ◽  
The Social ◽  
Competition Hypothesis ◽  
Negative Relationships ◽  
Over Time

We study competitive and negative interactions in real world social network in which nodes represent agents and edges appear over discrete time step. We consider directed social network of competing agents that evolve dynamically over time, where directed edges represent some kind of negative relationships between the agents in the social network. We present a novel hypothesis to identify the alliances and leaders within the the dynamic competition networks. We verify our hypothesis by using historical voting data of the social game shows Survivor and Big Brother.

scholarly journals Election Control in Social Networks via Edge Addition or Removal

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 1878-1885
Author(s):  
Matteo Castiglioni ◽  
Diodato Ferraioli ◽  
Nicola Gatti
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Positive Result ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Local Modification ◽  
Edge Addition ◽  
Over Time

We focus on the scenario in which messages pro and/or against one or multiple candidates are spread through a social network in order to affect the votes of the receivers. Several results are known in the literature when the manipulator can make seeding by buying influencers. In this paper, instead, we assume the set of influencers and their messages to be given, and we ask whether a manipulator (e.g., the platform) can alter the outcome of the election by adding or removing edges in the social network. We study a wide range of cases distinguishing for the number of candidates or for the kind of messages spread over the network. We provide a positive result, showing that, except for trivial cases, manipulation is not affordable, the optimization problem being hard even if the manipulator has an unlimited budget (i.e., he can add or remove as many edges as desired). Furthermore, we prove that our hardness results still hold in a reoptimization variant, where the manipulator already knows an optimal solution to the problem and needs to compute a new solution once a local modification occurs (e.g., in bandit scenarios where estimations related to random variables change over time).

scholarly journals Tuning in to others: Exploring relational and collective bonding in singing and non-singing groups over time

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiluned Pearce ◽  
Jacques Launay ◽  
Pádraig MacCarron ◽  
Robin I. M. Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Class Group ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Creative Writers ◽  
Social Network Structure ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cohesion Theory ◽  
Over Time

Although it has been shown that singing together encourages faster social bonding to a group compared with other activities, it is unknown whether this group-level “collective” bonding is associated with differences in the ties formed between individual singers and individuals engaging in other activities (“relational” bonding). Here we present self-report questionnaire data collected at three time points over the course of seven months from weekly singing and non-singing (creative writing and crafts) adult education classes. We compare the proportion of classmates with whom participants were connected and the social network structure between the singing and non-singing classes. Both singers and creative writers show a steeper increase over time in relational bonding measured by social network density and the proportion of their classmates that they could name, felt connected with, and talked to during class compared to crafters, but only the singers show rapid collective bonding to the class-group as a whole. Together, these findings indicate that the process of creating a unitary social group does not necessarily rely on the creation of personal relationships between its individual members. We discuss these findings in the light of social cohesion theory and social identity theory.

Coauthorship Networks in Public Service Motivation Scholarship: Implications for the Evolution of a Field

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deneen M. Hatmaker ◽  
Amy E. Smith ◽  
Sanjay K. Pandey ◽  
Sushmita Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Public Service Motivation ◽  
Coauthorship Network ◽  
Coauthorship Networks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Over Time

How does a body of scholarship emerge, develop, and evolve? Research is the product of a community of scholars and their collaboration over time builds and disseminates knowledge. One way to examine a scholarly community and scholarship evolution is to consider patterns of collaboration through coauthorship networks. This article conducts a social network analysis of coauthorship between public service motivation (PSM) scholars from 1990 to 2016. This analysis depicts the social structure of the field as it evolved and offers implications both for its theoretical progress and for individual scholars. In general, we find that the PSM coauthorship network has grown increasingly since 1990 but it is not a cohesive network of scholars. It consists of many disconnected subgroups that actually represent opportunities for individual scholars to build social capital and influence. We conclude with implications of our findings and we offer suggestions for further analysis.

scholarly journals Social Networks and Social Interaction among People with Psychiatric Disabilities-Comparison of Users of Day Centres and Clubhouses

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Hultqvist ◽  
Urban Markström ◽  
Carina Tjörnstrand ◽  
Mona Eklund
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychiatric Disabilities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Over Time

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare users of community-based mental health day centres (DCs) and clubhouses in Sweden regarding reported social networks and social interaction and the stability of these over time. A further aim was to investigate social network predictors both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.METHODS: People regularly attending DCs (n=128) or clubhouses (n=57) completed questionnaires about social network and social interaction (social engagement and social functioning), self-esteem and socio-demographics at baseline and a nine-month follow-up. RESULTS: Perceived social engagement and social functioning did not differ between the groups and remained stable over time. Fewer in the DC reported having a close friend but there was no difference regarding having recently (the past week) seen a friend. When naming “someone with whom you can share your innermost thoughts and feelings”, the DC group named more professional contacts, fewer friends and more often “nobody” compared to the clubhouse group. Finally, on both occasions the DC group scored significantly lower on size of the social network compared to the clubhouse users. Self-esteem and having recently seen a friend could predict size of the social network in the cross-sectional perspective. Strong indicators of belonging to the group with a larger social network at follow-up were being a woman, attending a clubhouse programme and having scored high on social network at baseline.CONCLUSION & IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE: Having friends and strengthening one’s self-esteem may be essential factors for the social network of people with psychiatric disabilities in a short-term perspective. Visiting clubhouses seems advantageous in a longer-term perspective.

Codiffusion of Technologies in Social Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-228
Author(s):  
Natalia Lazzati
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Diffusion Process ◽  
Technology Diffusion ◽  
Consideration Sets ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Over Time

This paper studies the diffusion process of two complementary technologies among people who are connected through a social network. It characterizes adoption rates over time for different initial allocations and network structures. In doing so, we provide some microfoundations for the stochastic formation of consideration sets. We are particularly interested in the following question: suppose we want to maximize technology diffusion and have a limited number of units of each of the two technologies to initially distribute—how should we allocate these units among people in the social network? (JEL D83, O33, Z13)

Using the Five Field Map to Describe the Social Network of Children: A Methodological Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margareta Samuelsson ◽  
Gunilla Thernlund ◽  
Jerker Ringström
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social World ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Behaviour Problems ◽  
Methodological Study ◽  
School Class ◽  
Single Parent Families ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychiatric Problems ◽  
Over Time

There is a persistent need to find usable ways of measuring social network and support for children. Up to now virtually nothing is known about the social network from the child's viewpoint. In order to evaluate whether drawing a structured social network map (the Five Field Map) could serve as a way of elucidating important aspects of the social world of children, the maps of different samples of children were studied. In a school class of 27 children, aged 11 years, a test-retest study was undertaken. The essential aspects of the map showed good stability over time. The map was compared with other instruments of social interaction in different samples. Predicted associations were found in the nonclinical samples. Aspects of the map measuring dissatisfaction, negative contacts, and conflicts were found to be associated with behaviour problems. The closeness factor of the map and reported dissatisfaction and conflicts differentiated a normal group of children living in single-parent families from a similar group of children with psychiatric problems. The Five Field Map contributes important knowledge about how children perceive their social world. It can thus be considered a suitable instrument to describe the social network from the child's point of view.

The Lead Igniter: A Longitudinal Examination of Influence and Energy Through Networks, Efficacy, and Climate

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Hwa Liou ◽  
Alan J. Daly
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Social ◽  
Work Level ◽  
Over Time

Purpose: The social aspect of leadership is often overlooked in the educational reform. This study aims to address the dearth of work in the social space around leadership and examines two different types of relational ties between leaders that capture the affective and work-related aspects of interpersonal relationships. Research Method: This study takes place in one large urban school district serving a highly diverse student population and investigates a multiplex relation—energy and work-related influence—from a longitudinal dataset to better understand the complex nature of social ties. Descriptive statistics, multilevel social network modeling, and network sociograms are used to understand the characteristics of this over-time multiplex relationship among central office and site leaders. Findings: Drawing on social network theory, efficacy, and climate, findings suggest that gender, work level, experience, efficacy, and climate are associated with leaders engaging in this multiplex relationship over time. Conclusion and Implications: Investigating the intersection of both affective and instrumental relationships provides a nuanced and more reality-based picture about a complex set of leadership ties and perceptions as they go about improving educational systems.

A longitudinal study of depression in old age I: outcome and relationship to social networks

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aideen Freyne ◽  
Sabina Fahy ◽  
Angela McAleer ◽  
Fiona Keogh ◽  
Margo Wrigley
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Integrated Networks ◽  
Longitudinal Outcome ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

AbstractObjectives: To ascertain the relationship between social network type and depression over time.Method: A longitudinal outcome study of depressed elderly patients attending an old age psychiatric service was carried out. Subjects were seen at baseline and regular intervals over two years.Results: Depression severity at baseline and at follow-up times differed according to subjects' social network. Those with more socially integrated networks had the best outcome and those who had more dependent networks had a poorer outcome. There was a lot of movement between networks over time for subjects, with many moving towards more dependent networks.Conclusions: When treating depression in the elderly it is important to consider the social network and milieu in which the patient resides. Treatments should include strategies encouraging the maintenance and formation of social integration.

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