scholarly journals EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT OF “IDENTITY CRISIS” IN DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN PSYCHOLOGY

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Zhylin M.V.
Keyword(s):  
Identity Crisis ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

Статья посвящена рассмотрению основных теоретических подходов к определению особенностей понятия «кризис идентичности» в трактовках отечественных и зарубежных психологов. Цель. Рассмотреть эволюцию понятия «кризис идентичности» в подходах отечественной и зару-бежной психологии. Методы. Для решения поставленных задач использовался следующий комплекс теоретических методов исследования: изучение и анализ психологической литературы по теме исследования, обобще-ние и систематизация материала, что дало возможность охарактеризовать основные аспекты и направления, по которым ведутся научные изыскания. Научная статья является обобщающим систематическим исследованием. Результаты. Представлен теоретический анализ развития понятия «кризис идентичности личности» в психологии, показаны его особенности и степень воздействия на жизнь современного человека. Раскрыты взгляды на феномены «идентичность» и «кризис идентичности» в отечественной и зарубежной психологии. Выводы. В ходе исследования были сделаны следующие выводы: современные представления о кризисе идентичности основываются на теоретических концепциях Э. Эриксона, Э. Фромма, Дж. Мида, К. Гергена, Г. Олпорта, Л.И. Анциферовой, Ю.Г. Овчинниковой и других. Научные труды исследователей позволяют рассмотреть процесс кризиса идентичности и его воздействие на динамику жизненных процессов, однако являются недостаточными для понимания тенденций индивидуального развития человека в неразрывной связи с современными общественно-социальными явлениями. Это объясняется тем, что в условиях глобализации и усложнения общественно-экономических процессов требования к человеку с каждым днем увеличиваются. Так, в настоящее время для успешного профессионального развития и поддержания высокого качества жизни человеку зачастую необходимо выполнять сразу несколько ролей, обретать несколько социальных идентичностей. В связи с этим кризис идентичности приобретает новые формы и требует поиска дополнительных теоретических и практических идей для осмысления и концептуализации существующего проблемного поля. Ключевые слова: идентичность, кризис идентичности, идентификация, история психологии. The article is devoted to the consideration of the main theoretical approaches to the definition of the peculiarities of the concept of “identity crisis” in the interpretations of domestic and foreign psychologists.Purpose. Consider the evolution of the concept of “identity crisis” in the approaches of domestic and foreign psychology.Methods. To solve the set tasks, the following set of theoretical research methods was used: study and analysis of psychological literature on the topic of research, generalization and systematization of the material, which made it possible to characterize the main aspects and directions in which scientific research is being conducted. A scientific article is a generalized systematic study.Results. The article presents a theoretical analysis of the development of the concept of “personality identity crisis” in psychology, shows its features and the degree of impact on the life of a modern person. The views on the phenomena of “identity” and “identity crisis” in domestic and foreign psychology are revealed.Conclusions. In the course of the study, the following conclusions were made: modern ideas about the identity crisis are based on the theoretical concepts of E. Erickson, E. Fromm, J. Mead, K. Gergen, G. Allport, L. I. Antsiferova, Yu. G. Ovchinnikova, etc. The scientific works of researchers allow us to consider the process of the identity crisis and its impact on the dynamics of life processes, however, they are insufficient for understanding the tendencies of individual development of a person in an inextricable connection with modern social and social phenomena. This is due to the fact that in the context of globalization and the complication of social and economic processes, the requirements for a person are increasing every day. So, at present, for successful professional development and maintaining a high quality of life, a person often needs to fulfill several roles at once, acquire several social identities. In this regard, the identity crisis takes on new forms and requires the search for additional theoretical and practical ideas to comprehend and conceptualize the existing problem field.Key words: identity, identity crisis, identification, history of psychology.

scholarly journals Оn the problems of understanding the category «sanction» in the theory of law and branch jurisprudence

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 288-293
Author(s):  
T.V. Mikhailina ◽  
Yu. Gotsulyak ◽  
А. Gel
Keyword(s):  
Legal Liability ◽  
Legal Norm ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Restrictive Measures

The scientific article is devoted to the analysis and rethinking of the category «sanction» in the theory of law and branch jurisprudence.As a result of the conducted research, the general theoretical definition of the category «sanction» as part of a legal norm that provides for negative consequences of non-compliance or improper implementation of the rule enshrined in the disposition of the rule of law, is supported.It is noted that, despite the existence of certain terminological differences, in general, the sciences of criminal law and the theory of law are moving in the same direction regarding the definition of sanctions and their classification, which cannot be said about other branches of law. In the science of civil law, modern definitions take us not only beyond the legal norm, but also beyond the law as a whole, focusing on the ability of sanctions to be contained in the contract between the parties, and therefore associating the sanction not with part of the legal norm, but with legal responsibility as such. And sanctions in economic law fully relate to the type and degree of responsibility.It is concluded that theoretical approaches to the definition of sanctions in administrative law can be clearly divided into two groups, the first of which «fits» into the general understanding of sanctions. When referring to the latest doctrinal sources (the second group), there is a significant variability in them and attempts to move away from the established definition. Moreover, the understanding of the sanction goes far beyond both the legal norm and legal liability, extending it, among other things, to preventive measures.Thus, it is necessary to distinguish the category of «sanction» as specifically restrictive measures, as measures of legal liability and as a structural element of a legal norm. Moreover, if the term «sanction» may well be applied to restrictive measures, which is due to the etymology of this concept, then the identification of sanctions as an element of a legal norm and measures of legal liability should be completely excluded. The use of such categories as synonymous at both the doctrinal and practical levels leads to legal uncertainty and confusion of concepts.

scholarly journals Theory of practice in the version of Theodor Schatzki

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
L. G. Skokova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Organized Activities ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Theory Of Practice ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Individual

The article is devoted to the features of the conceptual vocabulary of the theory of practices according to the version of T. Schatzki. The study showed that practical-theoretical approaches distinguish themselves from ontological individualism, for which social phenomena are constellations of individual activities. Practices are treated as organized activities of many people (and not the activities of individuals); human actions, thoughts, motives, identities are formed under the influence of involvement in practices and should be considered in conjunction with the context of the practices. The study emphasized the importance of practical knowledge, corporality, materiality and analyzed the definition of the «practice» concept as an open, dispersed spatio-temporal nexus of doings&sayings, differences in disperse and integrative practices, concepts of «practice organizers» (practical understanding, rules, teleoaffective structures, generalized understanding). Material components, the external context of practice is explained by the term «practice-arrangement bundle». In order to explain the mechanisms of the formation of bundles of practices and arrangements, Schatzki reveals five types of relations: causality, prefiguration, constitution, intentionality, intelligibility. Binding of relations of all five types can be more or less dense, intensive. It is the concentrated density, the connection between practices and arrangements creates a bundlе. The reorientation of the analysis from the level of the individual, that is, the placement of values, motivations in the individual consciousness, to the level of practice as a constellation of elements, opens the new ways to studying cultural practices, optimizing the ways of their performance. The study showed the applicability of the Schatzki`s practice-theoretical concepts for the sociological study of cultural practices in a broad sense (as membership in a particular culture) and for applied analysis of practices in specific fields of culture (art, literature, media, leisure etc.).

scholarly journals My Reflections on Indigeneity

Te Kaharoa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abann Yor
Keyword(s):  
Social Identities ◽  
Indigenous Philosophy ◽  
Political Position ◽  
Hunting And Gathering ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Local Perspectives

In this philosophical paper, I present my views on the notion of indigeneity – I relay my understanding, interpretation, and definition of “indigeneity” and justify the applicability of this definition to the New Zealand context and my experience as a practitioner. I also compare this definition with three others from different authors: Firstly, Guenther (2006) discussed the concept of indigeneity and identified two key elements including a link to a history of hunting and gathering and having a weak political position. Secondly, McCormack (2012), reflected on the social identities study of race, nation, and culture, and discussed indigeneity as a process from the perspective of Māori claims and neoliberalism. McCormack (2012) looks at Indigeneity through various lenses: as a process intertwined with property struggles, dynamically constituted and reconstituted about the prevailing political economy, facilitated and inhibited by state organisations, and as both primordial and depending. Thirdly, Merlan (2009), looked at indigeneity from global and local perspectives. The term indigeneity, long used to distinguish between those who are native and others in specific locales, has also become a term for a social and cultural category, presupposing a world where are contrasted indigenous people to various others (Merlan, 2009). The three definitions are from different individuals with varying perspectives. In this paper, I present my understanding of indigeneity and indigenous philosophy that aligns with both my past experiences and current practice.   

PARADIPLOMACY AS A NEW ARCHITECTUREOF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 311-315
Author(s):  
О.V. DUBROVINA ◽  
R.R. SALAMOV
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Definition Of

The purpose of this scientific article is to study the paradiplomacy that acts as the new architecture of international relations. In this context, the article presents theoretical approaches to the definition of the concept of paradiplomacy and reveals its characteristic features. In addition, the role and importance of paradiplomacy in strengthening modern international relations are determined. The main methods of this scientific research are analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, a systematic approach, the institutional method and structural-functional analysis.

Toward Contemporary Novelism

Genre ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-157
Author(s):  
Madigan Haley
Keyword(s):  
Identity Crisis ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Contemporary Fiction ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fiction Writing ◽  
Sergei Eisenstein ◽  
The Arts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Contemporary Media ◽  
Chris Marker

This essay challenges a dominant way of plotting the novel genre’s history as a story of individual development, which is increasingly characterized by an identity crisis within the contemporary media landscape. As an alternative to this story, it develops a provisional account of “novelism” (adjacent to notions like lyricism and essayism) as a flexible and mobile mode of associative world-building across the arts. We can see novelism at play in the intermedial history of how novelistic forms and concerns informed the cinematic genre of the essay film. By recovering that history, from Sergei Eisenstein to Chris Marker, this essay helps explain what novelism does and why it makes sense to describe certain artworks as novelistic, even ones in nonliterary media. The concept of novelism not only applies to certain essay films, it also clarifies a recent essayistic or documentary turn in international fiction writing—involving writers such as W. G. Sebald, Valeria Luiselli, and Teju Cole—which some critics have interpreted as a sign of the novel’s exhaustion. This essay argues instead that such genre-bending works of contemporary fiction (and even nonfiction) are better understood as evidence of the current proliferation of novelism across the arts.

scholarly journals The origins of the theory of values in sociology and directions of its development

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 590-609
Author(s):  
A. S. Ryndina
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Scientific Models ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Value Diversity ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Since the first stages in the development of society and its scientific models, the term value has become a center of theoretical and applied concepts. On the one hand, in everyday life, we all understand the importance of value diversity; however, on the other hand, it is not clear how this diversity can be combined with the social order. The article presents an attempt to identify those interdisciplinary origins of the theory of values that are the most significant for the conceptual definition of value and for the empirical study of the value system of the contemporary society in sociology. The author identifies two conditional trends in the development of the theory of values, which are fundamentally important for sociology: the first trend is presented by the development of a kind of axiological concept which was originally purely philosophical. As a rule, the origins of this trend are found in the works of I. Kant (morality as duty, its relationship with freedom and natural aspirations, objective goals, absolute values, etc.), since all subsequent philosophical interpretations of values either followed or criticized his transcendental approach. Thus, representatives of neo-Kantianism focused on such concepts as revaluation of values, value devaluation, imaginary values and guiding cultural values, values and estimates. The origins of the classical sociological theories of values are found in the works of E. Durkheim: he believed that values formed a kind of objective reality on which social harmony can and should be based; therefore, the main social phenomena (religion, morality, law, economics, aesthetics) are systems of (very different) values, or social ideals. The evolution of sociological interpretations of values was determined by the gradual departure from purely theoretical concepts to generalized methodological models, which allowed to describe the role of values in the institutionalized performance of the functions of preserving and reproducing a cultural model, and then to empirical-instrumental models based on the terms value orientations and social attitudes. Thus, the second conditional trend in the development of the theory of values in sociology is determined by the introduction of methods for the empirical study of value diversity in the historical and comparative perspectives.

scholarly journals Development in the Context of Genesis and References to Origin. Rereading L.S. Vygotsky

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
D.M. Spector
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Development ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

It seems axiomatic that personality development involves the development of intellectual and other abili¬ties. However, if we speak about emotional development, its necessity cannot be supported theoretically since no object of emotions is involved or any of their specific forms (for instance, it is not common to consider "the development of emotional abilities"). Thus, "emotional development" is deprived of any ontological support as well as of criteria, tools etc. Critique of widespread theoretical concepts, in particular, those of psychoanalysis and cultural-historical theory, and reconstruction of phylogenesis enabled the author to propose a more pre¬cise definition of the content of "emotional sphere". "The history of childhood" is reviewed through the per¬spective of fundamental metamorphoses including childhood as a one-off rite of passage; the prototype of child¬hood as a period of animation; the modern notion of childhood (formed during the Enlightenment era) with its supremacy of play and intellectual development. For the first time the paper explores the inner metamorphoses of motivations and conditions required for their initiation. The core opposition between nature and culture that underpins the history of pedagogical thought is interpreted in the light of "two natures": one referring to the unprecedented, determined by coherent spontaneous reactions, and the other based on knowledge and algorithmic reactions, the two developing simultaneously and becoming effective only through their intercon¬nection. The relationship of these two natures (conceptualized by L.S. Vygotsky as the relationship between thought and affect) is projected into the area of fundamental approximations of world perception.

scholarly journals FOUNDERS OF DOMESTIC BYZANTINE STUDIES. THE RETURN OF FORGOTTEN NAMES IN MODERN HISTORICAL SCIENCE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilia Kulykova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pedagogical Analysis ◽  
Empirical Research Methods ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Byzantine History

The subject of the research is the study of scientific researches of personalities, biographies and creative way of outstanding domestic scientists, scholars of Byzantium in the second half of the 19th – first half of the 20th century, who be-came the founders of Byzantine studies. Research methods. A system of theoretical and empirical research methods was used to study the specific purpose of scientific research and solving problems, namely: historical and pedagogical analysis and syn-thesis, definition of the purpose, subject and tasks, exploration, synthesis of abstrac-tion, comparison, generalization and analogy to clarify the peculiarities of the devel-opment of theoretical approaches underlying the renewal and expansion of the study of Byzantinists and their research on the specified topic; analysis of sources, as well as research materials with the subsequent synthesis of its results into a holistic system of views on this problem; personalistic and biographical method – for the analysis of historical, biographical, reference and encyclopedic literature devoted to historical and pedagogical personalities. The aim of the study is to present to modern historians and all those interested in studying the history of Byzantium, both in Ukraine and abroad, the names of prominent historians of the past and objectively evaluate their work and scientific results in terms of modern international scientific views and approaches. Conclusion. Personalized study of life and scientific and pedagogical heritage of professors and academics of Byzantine studies V. G. Vasilievsky, O. O. Vasiliev, V. E. Regel, Y. A. Kulakovsky, F. I. Uspensky, A. G. Gotalov-Gottlieb gave the opportunity to reveal their fundamental role in the development of domestic Byzantine studies, the establishment of their own scientific schools and areas in scientific and pedagogical activities, created scientific and educational literature on Byzantine history, medieval history and culture, national foreign research institutes, scientific societies, associations and more. The scholars in their monographs and textbooks gave a personal vision of the problem and an interpretation of the expediency and importance of studying the history and culture of Byzantium and the Middle Ages in general. V. G. Vasilievsky, O. O. Vasiliev, V. E. Regel, Y. A. Kulakovsky, F. I. Uspensky, A. G. Gotalova-Gotliba laid the foundation of the national scientific championship. Their names and works are our scientific pride "forgotten", "shot", destroyed or simply unknown today to the general public of modern scientists in Ukraine and abroad. Further research of publications and use of their works and textbooks could become a valuable source for modern researchers of Byzantine history, as well as a discovery and subject for acquaintance for modern foreign researchers.

scholarly journals Comparing theoretical approaches towards style: Several possible criteria and changing cultural contexts

Stylistyka ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 381-387
Author(s):  
Michal Křistek
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
School Students ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Definition Of

The main aim of this contribution is to propose a general scheme that provides the possibility of comparing theoretical approaches to style, including approaches rooted in various cultural contexts. This kind of general scheme from the area of comparative stylistics offers the possibility to compare works on style written in various periods and various areas. The proposed scheme describing theoretical concepts of style, moving from linguistic to extralinguistic factors, is a sequence of five simple what-questions (in English, for the sake of the scheme could be simplicity referred to, e.g. as a “5 wh-sequence”): 1) WHAT definition of style is used? 2) WHAT kind of text is dealt with? 3) WHAT varieties of the particular language are taken into consideration? 4) WHAT is the purpose of work with texts? 5) WHAT other extralinguistic factors are taken into consideration? Since each proposed scheme must be tested in practice, two works are chosen for a brief test – namely, two works dealing with Slovak stylistics, published over nine decades apart, which in this particular case means each of them operated in a considerably different cultural context. The main differences between the compared works are 1) the aim – prescription vs. description, and 2) the supposed reader – secondary school students vs. university students (the academic community in general, re- spectively). Other differences are caused mainly by the different stages of the language as well as metalanguage development, and with the development of the language community in general.

scholarly journals Professionalization of social work in Germany: a reflection on the history of professional space development

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-439
Author(s):  
H. -V. Bossong ◽  
Z. H.-M. Saralieva ◽  
S. A. Sudjin
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Parasitism ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
Historical Continuity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

The professionalisation of social work is examined using Germany as an example. The main aspects of the process are explored: professional qualifications, content aspects of professional work, resources allocated and their control, as well as empirical and theoretical research in social work. The evolution of approaches to aid motivation from ecclesiastical and Christian traditions of love for one's neighbour to institutionalised aid within the functioning of welfare states is analysed. The dynamics of approaches to the definition of neediness in order to prevent the development of social parasitism is studied, the historical continuity of forms of work with socially deprived groups is shown. The professionalization of social work is considered in socio-historical context: its connection with protest movements of neo-Marxist persuasion in 1960s and changes in the system of academic training of social work professionals with the introduction of Bologna system is analyzed. The material in this article is the result of many years of research, including participant observation by the authors. This text is the latest and the last article by Professor Horst Bossong, one of Germany's leading specialists in social work, social policy and administration. The article summarizes the author's long-standing interest in the history and philosophy of social work, which reflects major milestones in the spiritual evolution and economic development of contemporary European societies.

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