scholarly journals The origins of the theory of values in sociology and directions of its development

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 590-609
Author(s):  
A. S. Ryndina
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Scientific Models ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Value Diversity ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Since the first stages in the development of society and its scientific models, the term value has become a center of theoretical and applied concepts. On the one hand, in everyday life, we all understand the importance of value diversity; however, on the other hand, it is not clear how this diversity can be combined with the social order. The article presents an attempt to identify those interdisciplinary origins of the theory of values that are the most significant for the conceptual definition of value and for the empirical study of the value system of the contemporary society in sociology. The author identifies two conditional trends in the development of the theory of values, which are fundamentally important for sociology: the first trend is presented by the development of a kind of axiological concept which was originally purely philosophical. As a rule, the origins of this trend are found in the works of I. Kant (morality as duty, its relationship with freedom and natural aspirations, objective goals, absolute values, etc.), since all subsequent philosophical interpretations of values either followed or criticized his transcendental approach. Thus, representatives of neo-Kantianism focused on such concepts as revaluation of values, value devaluation, imaginary values and guiding cultural values, values and estimates. The origins of the classical sociological theories of values are found in the works of E. Durkheim: he believed that values formed a kind of objective reality on which social harmony can and should be based; therefore, the main social phenomena (religion, morality, law, economics, aesthetics) are systems of (very different) values, or social ideals. The evolution of sociological interpretations of values was determined by the gradual departure from purely theoretical concepts to generalized methodological models, which allowed to describe the role of values in the institutionalized performance of the functions of preserving and reproducing a cultural model, and then to empirical-instrumental models based on the terms value orientations and social attitudes. Thus, the second conditional trend in the development of the theory of values in sociology is determined by the introduction of methods for the empirical study of value diversity in the historical and comparative perspectives.

scholarly journals Transformations of the Food Practices in Modern Russia: the Institutional and Discursive Determinants

2014 ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
N. N. Zarubina
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Food Practices ◽  
Economic Stratification ◽  
Institutional Determinants ◽  
Institutional Organization ◽  
Food Market ◽  
The One

The author analyzes the transformation of the Russian food practices and reveals their discursive and institutional determinants. Feeding practices go beyond the satisfaction of biological needs of human food. They include a range of habitual actions, structured by the rules that are not determined by the physiology and the economy as a system of food production, but social institutions, cultural values, traditions and dominant discourses. Dynamics of food plays practices inherent peculiarities of Russian modernization transformations, which consist in the inversion transition character diametrically opposite types of the institutional organization and value orientations. During the period of economic reforms of the 90-th years of the twentieth century, there was a sharp institutional transition from the Soviet system of distribution of the food to the market system. It turned out to shock for most of the population and led to a controversial change in food practices. On the one hand, the deficit of food disappeared, on the other hand due to the socio-economic stratification the inequality has increased. In addition, the food market was almost completely dominated by profit-oriented manufacturers and retailers, which gave rise to problems of quality and food safety. These problems led to the actualization and interpenetration of medikalized and environmental discourses which reflect a massive concern. The food market development has also led to the marketization and spektaklization of the food practices. This is reflected in the promotion of products through a system of symbols that appeal to irrational emotions, myths, habits and traditions. Diverse discourses of the food practices - medikalizationed, environmental, hedonistic and other discourses, appear as a show representing the various, sometimes conflicting, rules of everyday activities. The functionality of the spektaklization is that it maintains an interest in the field of nutrition as a cultural phenomenon; emphasizes its importance and value. The spektaklization of food is in line traceable to the post-Soviet period general trend of increasing attention to the daily life, transforming it from a repressed and insignificant in the scope of the object of attention and cultivation.

Hayek and Spontaneous Orders

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Müfit Sabooglu
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Spontaneous Order ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Definition Of

Friedrich A. Hayek's work spans over more than forty years and encompasses a number of social disciplines. That work has a single goal, however: the justification of a liberal social order. Apart from the justification of the liberal order, two other elements of his work in particular draw the attention of many economists: his definition of the economic problem as being one of coordination, and his effort to explain certain social phenomena as the result of a spontaneous order.

scholarly journals The Problem of Human Identity in a Transboundary Sociocultural Space

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Zimina Nadezhda S. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Human Identity ◽  
Border Area ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The One

The socio-cultural cross-border is a space of interaction between cultures, which results in special social, cultural, socio-anthropological changes. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the fact that the socio-cultural space in which a person is located is constantly changing, exposed to outside influences, filled with new symbols, meanings, which is expressed in the transformation of the foundations of human life, cultural values, changes in his identity and the emergence of new personality types (“a marginal person”, “a transboundary person”), in the very ontological foundations of a person, changes in the boundaries of the space of his own identification, social relationships. The essence of the problem of human identity in the cross-border area is that, on the one hand, the person himself becomes cross-border, on the other hand, the cross-border area requires him to have a multidirectional orientation in self-identification. The aim of the work is to trace the influence of a multilayer transboundary space and the corresponding factors on a person’s identity, and to identify the types of personality and corresponding identity within the transboundary. The work uses dialectical, systemic, axiological, anthropological research methods, which together allowed a comprehensive approach to the analysis of the problem. As a result of the study of the influence of cross-border areas on human identity, some of its types were identified: cross-border, marginal, and transit ones. The work draws the following conclusions. A feature of identification in a transboundary space is its possible “transit” nature, which is determined by the search for new cultural forms close to a person and the constant transition in this regard from one form to another. Axiological involvement plays an important role in the identification of a person within a transboundary space, what he is guided by, what is important for him. Value orientations as the foundations of identity can be viewed through the prism of such positions as “our own-someone else’s”, “close-alien”, “I / we-they”, etc. The similarity of material and spiritual elements of culture, shared values serve as the basis for the formation of such meaningful characteristics of the transboundary sociocultural space as identity and self-awareness.

scholarly journals Complex concepts with varying connotations: In search for conceptual definitions

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-376
Author(s):  
I. V. Trotsuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Sociological Perspective ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Everyday Language ◽  
Social Standards ◽  
Conceptual Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Key Terms

One of the fundamental challenges for sociology is the interpretation of its key terms, which is determined by the fact that many words of everyday language and scientific discourse are the same despite implying a much higher level of generalization as sociological categories. Certainly, such challenges are more typical for the empirical research - when sociologists turn their theoretical concepts into sets of empirical indicators which have to be clear enough for the respondent to understand and answer the questionnaire and for the sociologist to interpret these answers correctly. Nevertheless, the lack of generally recognized conceptual definitions is no less important, because the general picture of social reality is necessarily made of them (the society is described as either fair, consisting of trustworthy institutions that provide opportunities for being happy, or in the opposite statements). The article presents a possible reconstruction of the strategy that sociologists use in the search for conceptual definitions for such complex concepts with varying connotations as love, happiness, trust and justice. This strategy consists of two steps: focus on the macro-sociological dimension of the phenomena under study as determining its various manifestations and everyday interpretations (the key step in the study of love and happiness); and identification of objective and subjective indicators of the phenomenon under study (the key step in the study of trust and justice). For instance, in the study of love and happiness, there is the obvious micro-sociological perspective that implies personal responsibility for being happy and loved, and the hidden macro-sociological perspective that implies social standards for identifying and achieving love and happiness; trust is defined as a source of social order, cooperation, institutional, organizational and everyday interactions, which reduces the level of uncertainty; in the searches for the conceptual definition of justice, there are two main approaches - the first approach considers justice as one of many grounds for developing some theoretical model; the second approach reconstructs justice either as an ideal political-philosophical model of social order or as a means of the comparative analysis of its practical implementations.

scholarly journals Traditional socio-cultural values: possibilities of forsite methodology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Wilchinska ◽  
Oksana Oliinyk
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the possibility of applying foresight methodology for the preservation of traditional socio-cultural values as an important element of innovative development.  Given the interdisciplinary nature of the problem, the methodology of the study is based on the complex-integrative combination of theoretical approaches of a number of sciences, in particular, cultural studies, public administration, as well as general scientific methods of system analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, and sub. The scientific novelty is connected with an attempt to outline theoretical and practical aspects of the importance of forsite methodology in preserving the traditions from the projection into practical measures of the state in this sphere. Conclusions. The forsite methodology - as a strategy of public administration of forsite on the basis of forward-thinking - is intended to promote the effectiveness of social development. The actual advance is the innovative mechanism that can, on the one hand, ensure the dynamics of development, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, ensure social stability on the basis of previous achievements and resources, which are analyzed and form (simulate) the idea of ​​a new scenario. At the same time, the results of forsite should be reflected in practical recommendations on the definition of promising directions of the state's cultural policy, in particular regarding the introduction of new forms of support for the activities of various components of the socio-cultural sphere. Key words:  traditional socio-cultural values,  transformations, innovations, culture, forsite methodology.

Reconfiguring the sensible through translation

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Monticelli
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Social Order ◽  
The One ◽  
Dominant Activity

The article investigates the ambivalent role of translation as a means of radical social and cultural change in a totalitarian situation such as the earlier Sovietization of Estonia after WWII. Translation becomes, on the one hand, an empowered and dominant activity in the establishment of the new ideological and cultural values; but it functions, at the same time, as a disempowering and marginalizing kind of writing to which writers suspicious to the new regime and silenced as authors are now confined. An original combination of Jacques Rancière’s notion of “distribution of the sensible” [partage du sensible] and Michel Foucault’s understanding of the “author-function,” is adopted in the article to describe all this as a process of deauthorization, thus unraveling the relation between authorial agency and political authority, the rationale behind hegemonic discursive attitudes toward different literary activities within a given social order, and political interventions in literature and culture under totalitarian rule.

scholarly journals The Contents of Value Orientations of Students in the Conditions of Military Education

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
I.I. Zvereva
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Military Education ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Expert Survey ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Rokeach Value Survey ◽  
Definition Of

We reveal the axiological aspect of the content of cadet education. An empirical study of value orientations content in military education students was conducted with the use of M. Rokeach Value survey. We analyzed the effectiveness of military education in terms of its influence on the formation of students’ values from the perspective of all the participants of the educational process: students (N = 75), teachers (N = 7), and parents (N = 22). The sample of students comprised cadets (N = 44) and students of secondary schools (N = 31) aged 15 to 17 years (25 girls). An expert survey (N = 7) was conducted, relating to the definition of values that are relevant to the content of military education. The results supported the hypothesis that the degree of values acquisition relevant to the content of military education, is higher in the cadets compared to the students of secondary schools. We discuss the causes of these differences. We conclude that teachers play the leading role in the development of the specific valuable orientations content in cadets. These findings can serve as a basis for the design and improvement of the content and forms of military education.

scholarly journals KEY TRENDS DURING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE "ONE BELT AND ONE ROAD" INITIATIVE

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shaikova ◽  
◽  
А. Zholdasbekova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Open Platform ◽  
International Transport ◽  
Strategic Program ◽  
New Vision ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

At the "One Belt and One Road" forum held in Beijing on May 14-15, 2017, Chinese Leader Xi Jinping formulated the basic principles of the "Chinese new vision of globalization". These are the principles of respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, social order and respect for the interests of all countries along the way. Dialogue, not confrontation, partnership, not rivalry. Within the framework of the project, China is creating an open platform for cooperation and a favorable investment environment. The most important component of globalization and economic growth is trade. It is on the basis of these assumptions that China calls for protecting multilateral trade relations and facilitating the simplification of customs and transit procedures. Investment "outside" will allow China not only to significantly expand the export market, but also to become a strong argument for the internationalization of the Chinese currency. In general, we are talking about maximizing the use of integration processes in the Eurasian space for the development of China's national economy. At the same time, China for the first time provided a strategic program for the creation of a land trade route, aimed at completely reformatting trade and economic processes on the continent, creating completely new geopolitical and geo-economic ties. The ongoing processes of globalization are gradually transforming the very concept of "landlocked country" into the definition of"country connected by land transport arteries". Keywords: "One Belt, One Road" initiative, Globalization and regionalization, development of trade relations in Eurasia, international transport corridors, integration with national projects.

scholarly journals Key trends during the implementation of the "One belt and one road" initiative

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
A. Shaikova ◽  
◽  
А. Ospanova ◽  
Y. Sergazin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Open Platform ◽  
Strategic Program ◽  
New Vision ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Economic Ties

At the «One Belt and One Road» forum held in Beijing on May 14-15, 2017, Chinese Leader Xi Jinping formulated the basic principles of «Chinese new vision of globalization». These are the principles of respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, social order and respect for the interests of all countries along the way. Dialogue, not confrontation, partnership, not rivalry. Within the framework of the project, China is creating an open platform for cooperation and a favorable investmentenvironment. Trade is an essential component of globalization and economic growth. It is on the basis of these assumptions that China calls for protecting multilateral trade relations and facilitating the simplification of customs and transit procedures. Investment «ou ts ide» will allow Chin a n ot on ly to s ign ifican tly expan d the e xpor t mar ke t, bu t als o to be come a strong argument for theinternationalization ofChinese currency. In general, we are talking about maximizing the use of integration processes in the Eurasian space for the development of China’s national economy. At the same time, China for the first time provided a strategic program for the creation of a land trade route, aimed at completely reformatting trade and economic processes on the continent, creating completely new geopolitical and geo-economic ties. The ongoing processes of globalization are gradually transforming the very concept of «landlocked country» into the definition of»country connected by land transport arteries»

scholarly journals EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT OF “IDENTITY CRISIS” IN DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN PSYCHOLOGY

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Zhylin M.V.
Keyword(s):  
Identity Crisis ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

Статья посвящена рассмотрению основных теоретических подходов к определению особенностей понятия «кризис идентичности» в трактовках отечественных и зарубежных психологов. Цель. Рассмотреть эволюцию понятия «кризис идентичности» в подходах отечественной и зару-бежной психологии. Методы. Для решения поставленных задач использовался следующий комплекс теоретических методов исследования: изучение и анализ психологической литературы по теме исследования, обобще-ние и систематизация материала, что дало возможность охарактеризовать основные аспекты и направления, по которым ведутся научные изыскания. Научная статья является обобщающим систематическим исследованием. Результаты. Представлен теоретический анализ развития понятия «кризис идентичности личности» в психологии, показаны его особенности и степень воздействия на жизнь современного человека. Раскрыты взгляды на феномены «идентичность» и «кризис идентичности» в отечественной и зарубежной психологии. Выводы. В ходе исследования были сделаны следующие выводы: современные представления о кризисе идентичности основываются на теоретических концепциях Э. Эриксона, Э. Фромма, Дж. Мида, К. Гергена, Г. Олпорта, Л.И. Анциферовой, Ю.Г. Овчинниковой и других. Научные труды исследователей позволяют рассмотреть процесс кризиса идентичности и его воздействие на динамику жизненных процессов, однако являются недостаточными для понимания тенденций индивидуального развития человека в неразрывной связи с современными общественно-социальными явлениями. Это объясняется тем, что в условиях глобализации и усложнения общественно-экономических процессов требования к человеку с каждым днем увеличиваются. Так, в настоящее время для успешного профессионального развития и поддержания высокого качества жизни человеку зачастую необходимо выполнять сразу несколько ролей, обретать несколько социальных идентичностей. В связи с этим кризис идентичности приобретает новые формы и требует поиска дополнительных теоретических и практических идей для осмысления и концептуализации существующего проблемного поля. Ключевые слова: идентичность, кризис идентичности, идентификация, история психологии. The article is devoted to the consideration of the main theoretical approaches to the definition of the peculiarities of the concept of “identity crisis” in the interpretations of domestic and foreign psychologists.Purpose. Consider the evolution of the concept of “identity crisis” in the approaches of domestic and foreign psychology.Methods. To solve the set tasks, the following set of theoretical research methods was used: study and analysis of psychological literature on the topic of research, generalization and systematization of the material, which made it possible to characterize the main aspects and directions in which scientific research is being conducted. A scientific article is a generalized systematic study.Results. The article presents a theoretical analysis of the development of the concept of “personality identity crisis” in psychology, shows its features and the degree of impact on the life of a modern person. The views on the phenomena of “identity” and “identity crisis” in domestic and foreign psychology are revealed.Conclusions. In the course of the study, the following conclusions were made: modern ideas about the identity crisis are based on the theoretical concepts of E. Erickson, E. Fromm, J. Mead, K. Gergen, G. Allport, L. I. Antsiferova, Yu. G. Ovchinnikova, etc. The scientific works of researchers allow us to consider the process of the identity crisis and its impact on the dynamics of life processes, however, they are insufficient for understanding the tendencies of individual development of a person in an inextricable connection with modern social and social phenomena. This is due to the fact that in the context of globalization and the complication of social and economic processes, the requirements for a person are increasing every day. So, at present, for successful professional development and maintaining a high quality of life, a person often needs to fulfill several roles at once, acquire several social identities. In this regard, the identity crisis takes on new forms and requires the search for additional theoretical and practical ideas to comprehend and conceptualize the existing problem field.Key words: identity, identity crisis, identification, history of psychology.

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