scholarly journals Theory of practice in the version of Theodor Schatzki

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
L. G. Skokova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Organized Activities ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Theory Of Practice ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Individual

The article is devoted to the features of the conceptual vocabulary of the theory of practices according to the version of T. Schatzki. The study showed that practical-theoretical approaches distinguish themselves from ontological individualism, for which social phenomena are constellations of individual activities. Practices are treated as organized activities of many people (and not the activities of individuals); human actions, thoughts, motives, identities are formed under the influence of involvement in practices and should be considered in conjunction with the context of the practices. The study emphasized the importance of practical knowledge, corporality, materiality and analyzed the definition of the «practice» concept as an open, dispersed spatio-temporal nexus of doings&sayings, differences in disperse and integrative practices, concepts of «practice organizers» (practical understanding, rules, teleoaffective structures, generalized understanding). Material components, the external context of practice is explained by the term «practice-arrangement bundle». In order to explain the mechanisms of the formation of bundles of practices and arrangements, Schatzki reveals five types of relations: causality, prefiguration, constitution, intentionality, intelligibility. Binding of relations of all five types can be more or less dense, intensive. It is the concentrated density, the connection between practices and arrangements creates a bundlе. The reorientation of the analysis from the level of the individual, that is, the placement of values, motivations in the individual consciousness, to the level of practice as a constellation of elements, opens the new ways to studying cultural practices, optimizing the ways of their performance. The study showed the applicability of the Schatzki`s practice-theoretical concepts for the sociological study of cultural practices in a broad sense (as membership in a particular culture) and for applied analysis of practices in specific fields of culture (art, literature, media, leisure etc.).

scholarly journals THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE DETERMINATION OF THE SOCIO-CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT AS A SOCIAL PHENOMENON

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6/1) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. VINNIKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Individual

The article deals with the definitions of the concepts of “social environment”, “socio-cultural approach”, their historical genesis in the theoretical studies of domestic and foreign researchers. The concepts of “culture” and “environment” and their role in the development of society are studied. The environment is one of the priority factors of personal development and the person through his actions and deeds affects the environment, forming it for himself. The specificity of the sociocultural approach is seen in the integration of the three dimensions of human existence (the type of relationship between man and society, the nature of culture, the type of sociality) as the fundamental and most important components of human communities. One of the main objectives of the socio-cultural approach is to try to explain mental processes and their interrelationships in historical, institutional and cultural contexts. Studies of the dynamics of socio-cultural rhythms, causes and factors of socio-cultural changes and their impact on the formation of “social man” are considered. Studied the genesis of the development of the socio-cultural approach in Russia (A.S. Akhiezer, T.I. Zaslavskaya, G.V. Osipov, N.I. Lapin, F.I. Minushev, V.N. Kuznetsov, A.I. Rakitov). The sociological approach in understanding the sociocultural environment, which is aimed at studying the patterns of interaction between the individual, society and culture, structure and structural functioning of culture in the dynamics of social structure, development of social institutions and ongoing socio-cultural changes, is defined. Based on the study of the concept of “socio-cultural approach” and the methodology of its implementation in the system of humanitarian knowledge, a number of concepts of the social environment, the main difference of which is the anthropocentric and ecocentric understanding of social phenomena and processes.

scholarly journals EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT OF “IDENTITY CRISIS” IN DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN PSYCHOLOGY

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Zhylin M.V.
Keyword(s):  
Identity Crisis ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

Статья посвящена рассмотрению основных теоретических подходов к определению особенностей понятия «кризис идентичности» в трактовках отечественных и зарубежных психологов. Цель. Рассмотреть эволюцию понятия «кризис идентичности» в подходах отечественной и зару-бежной психологии. Методы. Для решения поставленных задач использовался следующий комплекс теоретических методов исследования: изучение и анализ психологической литературы по теме исследования, обобще-ние и систематизация материала, что дало возможность охарактеризовать основные аспекты и направления, по которым ведутся научные изыскания. Научная статья является обобщающим систематическим исследованием. Результаты. Представлен теоретический анализ развития понятия «кризис идентичности личности» в психологии, показаны его особенности и степень воздействия на жизнь современного человека. Раскрыты взгляды на феномены «идентичность» и «кризис идентичности» в отечественной и зарубежной психологии. Выводы. В ходе исследования были сделаны следующие выводы: современные представления о кризисе идентичности основываются на теоретических концепциях Э. Эриксона, Э. Фромма, Дж. Мида, К. Гергена, Г. Олпорта, Л.И. Анциферовой, Ю.Г. Овчинниковой и других. Научные труды исследователей позволяют рассмотреть процесс кризиса идентичности и его воздействие на динамику жизненных процессов, однако являются недостаточными для понимания тенденций индивидуального развития человека в неразрывной связи с современными общественно-социальными явлениями. Это объясняется тем, что в условиях глобализации и усложнения общественно-экономических процессов требования к человеку с каждым днем увеличиваются. Так, в настоящее время для успешного профессионального развития и поддержания высокого качества жизни человеку зачастую необходимо выполнять сразу несколько ролей, обретать несколько социальных идентичностей. В связи с этим кризис идентичности приобретает новые формы и требует поиска дополнительных теоретических и практических идей для осмысления и концептуализации существующего проблемного поля. Ключевые слова: идентичность, кризис идентичности, идентификация, история психологии. The article is devoted to the consideration of the main theoretical approaches to the definition of the peculiarities of the concept of “identity crisis” in the interpretations of domestic and foreign psychologists.Purpose. Consider the evolution of the concept of “identity crisis” in the approaches of domestic and foreign psychology.Methods. To solve the set tasks, the following set of theoretical research methods was used: study and analysis of psychological literature on the topic of research, generalization and systematization of the material, which made it possible to characterize the main aspects and directions in which scientific research is being conducted. A scientific article is a generalized systematic study.Results. The article presents a theoretical analysis of the development of the concept of “personality identity crisis” in psychology, shows its features and the degree of impact on the life of a modern person. The views on the phenomena of “identity” and “identity crisis” in domestic and foreign psychology are revealed.Conclusions. In the course of the study, the following conclusions were made: modern ideas about the identity crisis are based on the theoretical concepts of E. Erickson, E. Fromm, J. Mead, K. Gergen, G. Allport, L. I. Antsiferova, Yu. G. Ovchinnikova, etc. The scientific works of researchers allow us to consider the process of the identity crisis and its impact on the dynamics of life processes, however, they are insufficient for understanding the tendencies of individual development of a person in an inextricable connection with modern social and social phenomena. This is due to the fact that in the context of globalization and the complication of social and economic processes, the requirements for a person are increasing every day. So, at present, for successful professional development and maintaining a high quality of life, a person often needs to fulfill several roles at once, acquire several social identities. In this regard, the identity crisis takes on new forms and requires the search for additional theoretical and practical ideas to comprehend and conceptualize the existing problem field.Key words: identity, identity crisis, identification, history of psychology.

scholarly journals Between Pleasure and Resistance: The Role of Substance Consumption in an Italian Working-Class Subculture

Societies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Placido
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Critical Criminology ◽  
Ethnographic Case Study ◽  
Youth Cultures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Substance Consumption ◽  
North Western

In this article I discuss how illegal substance consumption can act as a tool of resistance and as an identity signifier for young people through a covert ethnographic case study of a working-class subculture in Genoa, North-Western Italy. I develop my argument through a coupled reading of the work of the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) and more recent post-structural developments in the fields of youth studies and cultural critical criminology. I discuss how these apparently contrasting lines of inquiry, when jointly used, shed light on different aspects of the cultural practices of specific subcultures contributing to reflect on the study of youth cultures and subcultures in today’s society and overcoming some of the ‘dead ends’ of the opposition between the scholarly categories of subculture and post-subculture. In fact, through an analysis of the sites, socialization processes, and hedonistic ethos of the subculture, I show how within a single subculture there could be a coexistence of: resistance practices and subversive styles of expression as the CCCS research program posits; and signs of fragmentary and partial aesthetic engagements devoid of political contents and instead primarily oriented towards the affirmation of the individual, as argued by the adherents of the post-subcultural position.

scholarly journals Sustainable Geographical Changes in Rural Areas: Key Paths, Orientations and Limits

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2059
Author(s):  
Angel Paniagua
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Rural Studies ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Rural Restructuring ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Rurality

Rural differentiation processes have formed the backbone of rural studies. Owing to the strength of rural–urban and local–global relationships, the theoretical approaches to rural restructuring in the Anglo-Saxon world and new rurality in Latin America only have a limited capacity to explain contemporary global phenomena of rural spaces. Due to this, transverse theoretical and methodological approaches have emerged to explain social, environmental and spatial (rural) processes. Here, a new approach is proposed called the individual–global field, based on the individual–global binary category to substitute the traditional relevance of the locality–community–globality association This new approach tries to reinvigorate rural geography in a more flexible way, based on minor theory, to adapt to all the phenomena that can occur globally. In any case, various spatial planes are proposed, dominated by specific socioeconomic processes on which the rural individual would move.

scholarly journals Power, Agency, Relationality and Welfare Practice

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
RACHAEL DOBSON
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Working Through ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article argues that constructions of social phenomena in social policy and welfare scholarship think about the subjects and objects of welfare practice in essentialising ways, with negativistic effects for practitioners working in ‘regulatory’ contexts such as housing and homelessness practice. It builds into debates about power, agency, social policy and welfare by bringing psychosocial and feminist theorisations of relationality to practice research. It claims that relational approaches provide a starting point for the analysis of empirical practice data, by working through the relationship between the individual and the social via an ontological unpicking and revisioning of practitioners' social worlds.

scholarly journals Human security as biosecurity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Craig Albert ◽  
Amado Baez ◽  
Joshua Rutland
Keyword(s):  
International Security ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Human Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Global Security ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Research within security studies has struggled to determine whether infectious disease (ID) represents an existential threat to national and international security. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), it is imperative to reexamine the relationship between ID and global security. This article addresses the specific threat to security from COVID-19, asking, “Is COVID-19 a threat to national and international security?” To investigate this question, this article uses two theoretical approaches: human security and biosecurity. It argues that COVID-19 is a threat to global security by the ontological crisis posed to individuals through human security theory and through high politics, as evidenced by biosecurity. By viewing security threats through the lens of the individual and the state, it becomes clear that ID should be considered an international security threat. This article examines the relevant literature and applies the theoretical framework to a case study analysis focused on the United States.

scholarly journals Holocene changes in African vegetation: tradeoff between climate and water availability

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 681-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hély ◽  
A.-M. Lézine ◽  
APD contributors
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Tropical Plants ◽  
Plant Migration ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Instrumental Records

Abstract. Although past climate change is well documented in West Africa through instrumental records, modeling activities, and paleo-data, little is known about regional-scale ecosystem vulnerability and long-term impacts of climate on plant distribution and biodiversity. Here we use paleohydrological and paleobotanical data to discuss the relation between available surface water, monsoon rainfall and vegetation distribution in West Africa during the Holocene. The individual patterns of plant migration or community shifts in latitude are explained by differences among tolerance limits of species to rainfall amount and seasonality. Using the probability density function methodology, we show here that the widespread development of lakes, wetlands and rivers at the time of the "Green Sahara" played an additional role in forming a network of topographically defined water availability, allowing for tropical plants to migrate north from 15 to 24° N (reached ca. 9 cal ka BP). The analysis of the spatio–temporal changes in biodiversity, through both pollen occurrence and richness, shows that the core of the tropical rainbelt associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone was centered at 15–20° N during the early Holocene wet period, with comparatively drier/more seasonal climate conditions south of 15° N.

scholarly journals Cultural factors that affected the spatial and temporal epidemiology of kuru

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 160789 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Whitfield ◽  
W. H. Pako ◽  
J. Collinge ◽  
M. P. Alpers
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Mortuary Practices ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Linguistic Group ◽  
Epidemiological Changes ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Linguistic Groups ◽  
Initial Pattern

Kuru is a prion disease which became epidemic among the Fore and surrounding linguistic groups in Papua New Guinea, peaking in the late 1950s. It was transmitted during the transumption (endocannibalism) of dead family members at mortuary feasts. In this study, we aimed to explain the historical spread and the changing epidemiological patterns of kuru by analysing factors that affected its transmission. We also examined what cultural group principally determined a family's behaviour during mortuary rituals. Our investigations showed that differences in mortuary practices were responsible for the initial pattern of the spread of kuru and the ultimate shape of the epidemic, and for subsequent spatio-temporal differences in the epidemiology of kuru. Before transumption stopped altogether, the South Fore continued to eat the bodies of those who had died of kuru, whereas other linguistic groups, sooner or later, stopped doing so. The linguistic group was the primary cultural group that determined behaviour but at linguistic boundaries the neighbouring group's cultural practices were often adopted. The epidemiological changes were not explained by genetic differences, but genetic studies led to an understanding of genetic susceptibility to kuru and the selection pressure imposed by kuru, and provided new insights into human history and evolution.

scholarly journals Theorising the deaf body: using Lefebvre and Bourdieu to understand deaf spatial experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 147447402110036
Author(s):  
Dai O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Deaf People ◽  
Work Practices ◽  
Spatial Experience ◽  
Individual Basis ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

In the field of Deaf Geographies, one neglected area is that of the individual deaf body and how individual deaf bodies can produce deaf space in isolation from one another. Much of the work published in the field talks about collectively or socially produced deaf spaces through interaction between two or more deaf people. However, with deaf children increasingly being educated in mainstream schools with individual provisions, and the old social networks and institutions of deaf communities coming under threat by the closure of deaf clubs and changing work practices, more research on the way in which individuals can produce their own deaf spaces and navigate those spaces is needed. In this paper, I outline two possible theoretical approaches, that of Lefebvre’s productive gestures to produce social space, and Bourdieu’s habitus, capital and hexis. I suggest that these theories can be productively utilised to better understand the individual basis of the production of deaf spaces.

A Comprehensive Synthesis of Theories of Mobile Shopping Adoption and Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-74
Author(s):  
Rajat Gera ◽  
Priyanka Chadha ◽  
Shirin Alavi
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Mobile Shopping ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Individual

This paper aims to synthesize and integrate the existing literature on MSA adoption and provide directions for future research through narrative review by classifying and organizing the accumulated knowledge into a thematic framework. The paper's theoretical, conceptual approaches, and results were organized into three themes: online distribution channel (theoretical approaches and antecedent factors of MSA adoption, consumer characteristics), advanced technology for in-store shopping (marketing aspects of MSA), and technology perspectives (technology aspects of MSA). The 25 theories of mobile shopping app (MSA) adoption and usage (at the individual level) from 22 reviewed papers were summarized, defined, and mapped with authors. Research questions have been proposed for theories used in reviewed papers and new theories. MSA adoption is at an emergent stage of evolution with fragmentation of theoretical and methodological approaches. While theories of technology adoption and behavioral intentions have been used predominantly, most studies have adopted a multi-theoretic approach or have extended/modified the model with hedonic, situational, and behavioral constructs. The findings related to consumer characteristics of MSA adoption, anchor constructs, moderator and mediator variables, and marketing and technology features of MSA are synthesized and organized according to the themes. Theoretical and practical implications are drawn, research limitations are identified, and future research directions are suggested.

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