scholarly journals MODERN APPROACHES TO THE QUESTION OF CHILD VIOLENCE IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Revt A.B. ◽  
Huk O.V.

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of domestic and foreign researches of the problem of violence and abuse of children; the concept of “violence” is substantiated; the semantic content of the leading concepts of the problem is revealed. The signs and types of violence against a child are highlighted and systematized. The causes of violence against a child are analyzed, as the commitments of violence, especially against children, become widespread nowadays.To solve the defined tasks, a set of research methods are used in the article, they include: analysis of philosophical, sociological, psychological and pedagogical literature, synthesis, comparison, systematization, generalization to substantiate the starting points of the study, identify the nature and risk factors for violence against children.It has been investigated and determined that the problem of violence does not arise by itself, it also brings other problems. There are many reasons for violence, it can be: social, economic factors; factors that determine the structure of the family and the model of communication in it; factors related to the identity of the parents, the child, etc.Violence is divided into the following main types: physical, psychological, sexual, and economic or neglect of the basic needs of the child. Each of these types has its own typical features in the set of which a psychologist or educator can identify children who have become victims of violence.The risk factors for violence against a child are described: socio-economic risk factors, risk factors related to the model of communication and family structure, risk factors due to the personality of the parents.It has been emphasized that a child who has become victim of violence suffers serious injuries and may become in the future a potential aggressor both for the society and his own immediate environment. According to the results of the study, we can conclude that it is important to implement a mandatory program of work with a child victim of violence, so that he could overcome this problem, get rid of fear, anxiety, emotional shock, and return to life as a psychologically healthy personality.Key words: violence, child, abuse, types of violence, risk factors. У статті здійснено комплексний аналіз вітчизняних і зарубіжних напрацювань з проблеми насильства та жорстокого поводження щодо дитини; обґрунтовано поняття «насильство»; розкрито змістове наповнення провідних понять проблеми. Висвітлено та систематизовано ознаки, види насильницьких дій щодо дитини. Проаналізовано причини виникнення насильства щодо дитини, оскільки скоєння насильства, особливо до дітей, набуває зараз надзвичайно великого масштабу.Для розв’язання визначених задач у статті використано комплекс методів дослідження, який вклю-чав аналіз філософської, соціологічної, психологічної та педагогічної літератури, синтез, порівняння, систематизацію, узагальнення задля обґрунтування вихідних положень дослідження, виявлення сутності та факторів ризику виникнення насильства щодо дитини.Досліджено та визначено, що проблема насильства не виникає сама по собі, їй передують інші. Причин виникнення насильства дуже багато, це можуть бути соціальні, економічні фактори; фактори, що обумовлені структурою сім’ї та моделлю спілкування у ній; фактори, що пов’язані з особистістю батьків, самої дитини тощо.Поділяється насильство на такі основні види, як фізичне, психологічне, сексуальне, економічне або нехтування основними потребами дитини. Кожен із цих видів має свої типові ознаки, в сукупності яких психологу чи педагогу можна визначити дітей, що стали жертвами насильства.Охарактеризовано фактори ризику виникнення насильства щодо дитини, такі як соціально-економічні фактори ризику, фактори ризику, що пов’язані з моделлю спілкування та структурою сім’ї, фактори ризику, що обумовлені особистістю батьків.Акцентовано увагу на тому, що дитина, яка стала жертвою насильства, зазнає надзвичайно важких травм, а в майбутньому сама може стати потенційним агресором для суспільства та свого близького оточення. За результатами дослідження можемо дійти висновку, що важливим є впровадження обов’язкової програми роботи з дитиною, що стала жертвою насильства, щоб вона змогла подолати цю проблему, позбутися страху, переживань, емоційних потрясінь та повернутись до життя як психологічно здорова особистість.Ключові слова: насильство, дитина, жорстоке поводження, види насильства, фактори ризику.

Author(s):  
Moon-Sook Kim ◽  
Hyun-Myung Jung ◽  
Hyo-Yeon Lee ◽  
Jinhyun Kim

The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors of serious fall-related injuries by analyzing the differences between two fall groups: one with serious fall-related injuries and one without such injuries. Applying a retrospective, descriptive investigation study design, we analyzed the degree of fall-related injury and the risk factors related to serious falls by conducting a complete survey of the medical records of fall patients reported throughout one full year, 2017, at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea. Among the patients with reported falls, 188 sustained no injury (63.1%), 72 sustained minor injury (24.2%), and 38 patients sustained serious injury (12.8%). The serious fall-related injuries included eight lacerations requiring suture (2.7%), 23 fractures (7.7%), five brain injuries (1.7%), and two deaths (0.7%). Analysis results indicated that taking anticoagulants/antiplatelet drugs (p = 0.016) and having a fall history (p = 0.038) were statistically significant in the differences between the group with serious injury related to falls and the group without serious injury. Logistic regression revealed that taking anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs was the factor most significantly correlated with serious injuries related to falls (OR = 2.299, p = 0.022). Results show that it is necessary to develop a patient-tailored fall prevention activity program.


2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro José da Silva Filho ◽  
Elaine Cristina Martinez Teodoro ◽  
Elaine Cristina Alves Pereira ◽  
Vania Cristina dos Reis Miranda

Abstract Introduction: The high rate of diabetes mellitus index (DM), along with the increase in cardiovascular compromise that DM favors, and the scarcity of epidemiological data regarding the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in this population, make it important to study risk factors associated with the development of PAD in the population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Objective: To estimate the prevalence of PAD together with the associated factors in a sample of patients with DM2, treated in the Family Health Strategies (FHS) program, in the municipality of Pindamonhangaba, SP. Methods: Quantitative research in a cross-sectional study of 38 individuals who were diagnosed with DM2, between 40 and 77 years old, selected by convenience sampling and treated in the family health program in two different districts of the municipality. The method consisted of the evaluation of personal and anthropometric data, anamnesis and physical examination including the ankle-brachial index (ABI). Results: PAD was present in 21.1% (95%CI: 16.9 to 25.8) of the investigated population. Risk factors observed were age range of 51 to 69 years (75%), overweight (50%), systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) (100%), smoking (62.5%) and physical inactivity (87.5%). Conclusion: The prevalence of PAD was more than a fifth of those diagnosed with DM2, and the most prevalent associated risk factors were SAH, physical inactivity, smoking and overweight with and without PAD.


Author(s):  
Darya B. Mirolyubova

There was shown the significance of leading risk factors for the development of adverse changes in the body, forming the high level of the morbidity rate in children: biological (the character of the course of pregnancy and parturition), social and environmental (diet, living and learning conditions, standards of living of the family, a culture of the healthcare), medical (effectiveness of preventive, health and therapeutic work in children’s groups). There was determined the necessity of a differentiated approach to the evaluation of the role and contribution of factors for groups of the various age.


1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 249-257
Author(s):  
Alan D. Woolf

Adolescents may be predisposed to delinquency by a double-jeopardy situation of clustering of risk factors in physical health (eg, perinatal or nervous system trauma, naurodevelopmental or cognitive dysfunction, neglected health problems) and the environment (eg, poverty, disordered family dynamics, poor education). Pediatricians must be attentive to neglected or previously undiscovered health problems in this population, such as overlooked cosmetic or congential defects, nutritional problems, substance abuse, vision and hearing difficulties, dental pathology, and sex-related conditions and diseases. Delinquents, especially during the transition into detention, are at particular risk for injuries, depression, and suicidal behavior. The complete health assessment of the delinquent should include a neurodevelopmental, cognitive, and educational progress assessment. This will facilitate implementation of an appropriate individualized remediation program. The pediatrician, in the dual role of health care provider for the family and child advocate in the community, can accomplish much toward the primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of delinquency.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane S. Sillman

Intimate-partner violence describes relationships characterized by intentional controlling or violent behavior by someone who is in an intimate relationship with the victim. The abuser’s controlling behavior may take many forms, including psychological abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, economic control, and social isolation. Abuse may ultimately lead to the death of the victim from homicide or suicide. Typically, an abusive relationship goes through cycles of violence. There are periods of calm, followed by increasing tension in the abuser, outbursts of violence, and return to periods of calm. These cycles often spiral toward increasing violence over time. The victims of intimate-partner violence are usually women, but intimate-partner violence is also a significant problem for gay couples and for the disabled and elderly of both sexes. This review discusses the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, outcomes, and prevention of intimate-partner violence. Risk factors for experiencing violence, risk factors for perpetrating violence, and consequences of abuse are also analyzed. This review contains 5 figures, 14 tables, and 30 references. Keywords: Domestic abuse, intimate-partner violence, elder abuse, child abuse, batterer, sexual abuse, physical abuse


Author(s):  
David R. Grove ◽  
Gilbert J. Greene ◽  
Mo Yee Lee

An analysis of family support or lack of family support as key protective and risk factors is reviewed. Specific aspects of family support is defined and research on how it impacts trauma as both a preventative measure and a central component of the healing process is provided. Research regarding lack of family support and the consequences to the trauma survivor is offered. A description of numerous types of family interactional patterns and they interfere with family support is outlined. Cross-cultural issues related to trauma and trauma treatment are addressed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 104182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Porto Faus ◽  
Claudia Leite de Moraes ◽  
Michael Eduardo Reichenheim ◽  
Luciana Maria Borges da Matta Souza ◽  
Stella Regina Taquette

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balakrishna Kalakheti ◽  
Kiran Panthee ◽  
Kastur Chand Jain

Introduction: Diarrhea is a leading cause of mortality in children in developing countries and the condition is worse in slums. In order to provide effective preventive and management strategies, it is important to identify factors associated with the disease. This study was carried out to investigate the risk factors of diarrhea in  children under five years of age in urban slums.   Methods: Parents of all children under five years from the urban slums of Tansen municipality, Palpa, Nepal were interviewed using a standardized pretested questionnaire and proforma. Parental variables, environmental factors, and presence of diarrhea in those children in past three months were collected by trained enumerators and the data were analyzed with statistical software SPSS-10.   Results: A total of 450 under five years children were enrolled in the study. There were 216 (48%) male and 234 (52%) female children with F:M ratio of 1.08:1. Occurrence of diarrhea was lower if the children were breast-fed for more than six months, well-nourished, used fountain water for drinking, or used boiled or treated water. Similarly, diarrhea prevalence was lower if father had a regular job, daily income in the family was more than one US dollar, there was a toilet in the house, practice of hand washing was followed before feeding or preparing food, or there was no child suffering from diarrhea in the neighborhood.   Conclusion: There are a few variables that are significantly related to diarrhea in children under five years of age. In order to decrease the diarrheal episodes in children in the slums of the developing countries, priority could be given in the improvement of those variables.


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