scholarly journals Assessment of Opportunities and Challenges of Urban Forestry in Nawalparasi District, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Pragya Sharma ◽  
Pramod Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Forest Policies ◽  
Awareness Raising ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City

This article highlights a research carried out in Gaindakot municipality of Nawalparasi district, Nepal to evaluate the opportunities and challenges of urban forestry regarding identification of existing policies and documentation of institutions involved in the field of urban forestry. Systematic random sampling method was used for the data collection during household survey. The study revealed that urban forests are governed through the all-size-fits-all forest policies, which are not favorable to urban forestry development. Plantation in the barren lands, park development, social mobilization and awareness raising are the major activities of urban forestry. The research also showed that main opportunities of urban forestry development in the study area are newly formed local government, high level willingness of local people to participate in urban forestry development, and presence of community forests around the city. On the other hand, lack of public space, narrow roads, increasing fragmentation of land, and lack of coordinated and planned efforts are major constraints to urban forestry development. This study recommends that government should take necessary steps to establish the institutional setup to facilitate the urban forestry development programmes. For this, mobilizing social organizations could be an effective tool to promote urban forestry, but a long-term plan for plantation and their management needs to be in place.

Struggles over the Use of Public Space: Exploring Moralities and Narratives of Inequality. Cartoneros and Vecinos in Buenos Aires

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
NATALIA COSACOV ◽  
MARIANO D. PERELMAN
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

AbstractBased on extensive and long-term ethnographic fieldwork carried out between 2002 and 2009, and by analysing the presence, use and struggles over public space of cartoneros and vecinos in middle-class and central neighbourhoods of the city of Buenos Aires, this article examines practices, moralities and narratives operating in the production and maintenance of social inequalities. Concentrating on spatialised interactions, it shows how class inequalities are reproduced and social distances are generated in the struggle over public space. For this, two social situations are addressed. First, we explore the way in which cartoneros build routes in middle-class neighbourhoods in order to carry out their task. Second, we present an analysis of the eviction process of a cartonero settlement in the city.

scholarly journals Impact of Municipalities on Branding Process of Cities: Example of Kirşehir Municipality

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Mustafa Kocaoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
External Factors ◽  
City Branding ◽  
Administrative Unit ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Awareness Raising ◽  
The City ◽  
Activity Report

In current times dominated by globalization, competition focused on enterprises and based on products became less sufficient and cities have become a part of the said competition perception. The focal point in competition of cities springs to life in brand and/or branding concepts. It is certain that there are many positive aspects of city branding, which can be assessed as gaining value based on the unique properties of each city, and a city should participate the process with all its stakeholders. At this point the prominent element of the process and the leading institution that will ensure success is the municipality. Municipalities gain importance as an administrative unit with principal responsibility in development and obligation of multi dimensional duty and service. A good branding process should be supported by internal and external sources. The history of the city and geographical, cultural and economic properties of the city are external factors supporting the branding process. in marketing external factors, i.e.: revealing physical properties and thus promoting their use and making the city a centre of attraction, municipality administrators and employees have vital duties and responsibilities. The extent of support the municipality administrators lend to branding process, which yields results in the long term are vital to the process. This study will examine the importance K?r?ehir Municipality attaches to branding process, the sources it uses to support the process, the properties of the city it uses to turn the city into a centre of attraction, the bodies and institutions it cooperates at home and abroad, projects supporting the process, awareness raising projects among its employees and the approach of the administrators and the employees to the branding process. Within this scope it is planned to inspect the strategic plan, activity report, performance program and web page of K?r?ehir Municipality and issue reports based on the results accompanied with recommendations. Finally, it is our hope that this study focusing on K?r?ehir will contribute highly to literature.

The Function of Commercial Centers in the Modernization of European Capitalism: Amsterdam as an Information Exchange in the Seventeenth Century

1984 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 985-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woodruff D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Informal Information ◽  
High Level ◽  
Functional Areas ◽  
The City ◽  
Commercial Center

During Amsterdam's development as the commercial center of Europe in the seventeenth century, an informal “information exchange” appeared among the economic and political institutions of the city. Informational economies of the types discussed by Stigler, North, and Pred led to the emergence of Amsterdam as the focal point of information flows throughout Europe. They also encouraged a high level of innovation within all functional areas of Amsterdam's information exchange—especially in long-term data analysis—which contributed to the general modernization of capitalism.

Comparison of a Traditional Landfill and a Mechanically-Biologically Treated waste Landfill (Case study; Kirkuk landfill)

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Aeesha Al-jaf ◽  
Jathwa Al-ameen
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Average Composition ◽  
Landfill Emissions ◽  
Domestic Solid Waste ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City

Owing to the increasing population in Kirkuk, Iraq and the consequent rise in the production of waste, alongside with global warming caused by an increase in the greenhouse gases concentrations, a high level of emissions was observed at the landfill site near Kirkuk. These emissions can be transmitted by the wind over considerable distances and adversely affect the environment and individual health. In this study, two pilot scale columns were built to investigate different options for achieving sustainability by reducing long-term landfill emissions. Each reactor was packed with (8.5) kg of shredded synthetic solid waste (less than 5 cm) that was prepared according to an average composition of domestic solid waste in the city of Kirkuk. The main result of this study was that the pretreatment of the waste may shorten the transition time for active methane development and increase the methanogenesis of the landfill site and also affects COD removals efficiencies which were 19.11% and 66.53% for columns A and B respectively.

scholarly journals What Still Matters in a City. The COVID-19 Pandemic Offers a “Teachable Moment” Illustrating that Public Spaces Must Simultaneously Connect us, and Protect us too

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Michael Mehaffy ◽  
Tigran Haas ◽  
Peter Elmlund
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Urban Inequality ◽  
Digital Surveillance ◽  
Protective Strategies ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The City

Various commentators have sought to assess the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on urban form and public space, with predictions ranging from “the end of urban density,” to a new impetus for auto-encapsulated sprawl, to exacerbation of the effects of urban inequality, to an explosion of digital surveillance, to a return to relative normalcy with new protective strategies. Here we tease out a more basic lesson about public space: that it is far from one amorphous thing, but it has both connective and protective characteristics. Its structure has a profound impact upon the life of the city and the health and well-being of its residents. Furthermore, it is up to us, as practitioners at the interface of science and policy, to chart the very real choices emerging for a better generation of public space and urban form.

City of Forests, City of Farms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay K. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Community Gardens ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Urban Greening ◽  
Community Gardening ◽  
The City

This book begins with the question of why PlaNYC2030—New York City’s municipal, long-term sustainability plan, launched during the Mayor Michael Bloomberg administration—had a robust urban forestry agenda, but lacked an urban agriculture agenda. PlaNYC launched the MillionTreesNYC campaign, investing over $400 million in city funds and leveraging a public-private partnership to plant one million trees citywide. Meanwhile, despite NYC having a long tradition of community gardening and burgeoning interest in local food systems, the plan contained no mention of community gardens or urban farms. In contrasting the top-down, centralized investment in the urban forest with the dispersed and decentralized social movement around urban agriculture, the book describes the ways in which political, discursive, and material processes intertwine to construct nature in the city. Urban greening unfolds through the strategic interplay of actors, the deployment of different narrative frames, and the mobilizing and manipulation of the physical environment—including other living, non-human entities. Understanding how and why the sustainability agenda is set and implemented provides crucial lessons to scholars, policymakers, and activists alike as they engage in the greening of cities.

scholarly journals Build Art, Build Resilience. Co-creation of Public Art as a Tactic to Improve Community Resilience

2020 ◽  
pp. 283-300
Author(s):  
Guido Robazza
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
The Public ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Collective Creation ◽  
The City

Temporary urbanism practices are forms of appropriation of the public space by the citizens. They can be a powerful engine for urban regeneration and social innovation, empowering local communities to take ownership of urban spaces, promoting positive urban change. In particular, the collective creation of temporary art installations in public spaces can foster a sense of belonging and define new forms of civic participation, including unrepresented voices, and re-activate the public realm. The portfolio narrates the development of the “Co-Creation of Temporary Interventions in Public Space as a Tool for Community Resilience” (University of Portsmouth) project, which promotes and develops a series of tactical, small-sized, co-created, temporary interventions in public spaces, bringing together various local actors and underrepresented groups. Temporary urbanism initiatives can be very powerful tools; while the change they bring may be small at first and incremental, the varied ways in which such initiatives affect the city and its citizens lead to an extremely meaningful and long-term impact.

Vivid Imagers Are Better at Detecting Salient Changes

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Rodway ◽  
Karen Gillies ◽  
Astrid Schepman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Change Detection Task ◽  
Term Change ◽  
High Level

This study examined whether individual differences in the vividness of visual imagery influenced performance on a novel long-term change detection task. Participants were presented with a sequence of pictures, with each picture and its title displayed for 17  s, and then presented with changed or unchanged versions of those pictures and asked to detect whether the picture had been changed. Cuing the retrieval of the picture's image, by presenting the picture's title before the arrival of the changed picture, facilitated change detection accuracy. This suggests that the retrieval of the picture's representation immunizes it against overwriting by the arrival of the changed picture. The high and low vividness participants did not differ in overall levels of change detection accuracy. However, in replication of Gur and Hilgard (1975) , high vividness participants were significantly more accurate at detecting salient changes to pictures compared to low vividness participants. The results suggest that vivid images are not characterised by a high level of detail and that vivid imagery enhances memory for the salient aspects of a scene but not all of the details of a scene. Possible causes of this difference, and how they may lead to an understanding of individual differences in change detection, are considered.

Impact of the urban construction solutions on the safety population

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
R. D. Oktyabrskiy
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Residential Development ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
Safety Population ◽  
Peace And War ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to the justification of the need to reduce the population density in the residential development of cities. The analysis of vulnerability of the urban population from threats of emergency situations of peace and war time, and also an assessment of provision of the city by a road network is given. Proposals have been formulated to reduce the vulnerability of the urban population in the long term and to eliminate traffic congestion and congestion — jams.

Turkish Muslims in a German city: Entrepreneurial and residential self-determination

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sarah Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
German City ◽  
Post War ◽  
Oral History Interviews ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Term Objective

Drawing upon a collection of oral history interviews, this paper offers an insight into entrepreneurial and residential patterns and behaviour amongst Turkish Muslims in the German city of Bremen. The academic literature has traditionally argued that Turkish migrants in Germany have been pushed into self-employment, low-quality housing and segregated neighbourhoods as a result of discrimination, and poor employment and housing opportunities. Yet the interviews reveal the extent to which Bremen’s Turkish Muslims’ performances and experiences have overwhelmingly been the consequences of personal choices and ambitions. For many of the city’s Turkish Muslim entrepreneurs, self-employment had been a long-term objective, and they have succeeded in establishing and running their businesses in the manner they choose with regards to location and clientele, for example. Similarly, interviewees stressed the way in which they were able to shape their housing experiences by opting which districts of the city to live in and by purchasing property. On the whole, they perceive their entrepreneurial and residential practices as both consequences and mediums of success, integration and a loyalty to the city of Bremen. The findings are contextualised within the wider debate regarding the long-term legacy of Germany’s post-war guest-worker system and its position as a “country of immigration”.

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