AN ASSESSMENT OF LABOUR DAILY WAGE RATE FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES IN THE NORTH CENTRAL ZONE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Olarenwaju S. Akintobi ◽  
Julius Ajah ◽  
Edwin E. Edu
Keyword(s):  
Wage Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
North Central ◽  
Human Labour ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

The study evaluated small-scale farmers’ access to human labour in North Central Nigeria. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used for sample selection while questionnaires were used for data collection. A total of 1,750 farmers were randomly interviewed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and two-way mixed factorial analysis of variance and mean separation was done at 5% probability level. Result revealed labour wage per rate significantly (P < 0.05) dependent on the labour category, the location (state) and the effect of both human labour type and location (state). Mean separation showed adult male is the highest paid while young female is the least paid, while Kwara State has the highest labour wage rate and plateau State has the lowest wage rate per day. Based on the findings, the research concluded that small scale farmers access to labour based on wage rate is low, cost of agricultural labour is high which has resulted increased cost of production for the small-scale farmers. The study recommends among others that combine hiring should be encouraged among farmers for the adoption of expensive labour saving technologies/ implements

scholarly journals Analysis of the challenges of small-scale farmers’ access to labor in North Central Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
O.S Akintobi
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
North Central ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Human Labour ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Good Access

The study analyzed the challenges experienced by small-scale farmers’ in accessing human labour in North Central Nigeria. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used for sample selection while questionnaires were used for data collection. A total of 1,750 farmers were randomly interviewed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and one-way factorial analysis of variance and mean separation was done at 5% probability level. Result revealed small scale farmers perceived a lack of access to human labour for agricultural activities in the zone while mean separation showed Niger state has the highest access to labour while Abuja and Kwara states are the least state with access to labour. High cost of labour, lack of fund and scarcity of labour are the major challenges experienced by the farmers in accessing labour for agricultural production. Based on the findings, the research concluded that small scale farmers do not good access to labour while facing serious challenges which has resulted into increased cost of production for the small-scale farmers. The study recommends among others that combine hiring should be encouraged among farmers for the adoption of expensive labour saving technologies/ implements.

MECHANIZATION OF POTATO GRADING ON SMALL-SCALE FARMS: A CASE STUDY FROM PERU

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. BUTLER ◽  
T. BERNET ◽  
K. MANRIQUE
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Critical Aspect ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Important Cash Crop

Potatoes are an important cash crop for small-scale producers worldwide. The move away from subsistence to commercialized farming, combined with the rapid growth in demand for processed agricultural products in developing countries, implies that small-scale farmers and researchers alike must begin to respond to these market changes and consider post-harvest treatment as a critical aspect of the potato farming system. This paper presents and assesses a low cost potato-grading machine that was designed explicitly to enable small-scale potato growers to sort tubers by size for supply to commercial processors. The results of ten experiments reveal that the machine achieves an accuracy of sort similar to commercially available graders. The machine, which uses parallel conical rollers, has the capacity to grade different tuber shapes and to adjust sorting classes, making it suitable for locations with high potato diversity. Its relatively low cost suggests that an improved and adapted version of this machine might enhance market integration of small-scale potato producers not only in Peru, but in other developing countries as well.

scholarly journals Socio-economic characteristics influencing small-scale farmers' level of knowledge on climate-smart agriculture in mahikeng local municipality, North West province, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L. Setshedi ◽  
S. Modirwa
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
North West ◽  
Local Municipality ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to identify knowledge gaps and the level of knowledge on climate-smart agriculture among small-scale farmers in Mahikeng Local Municipality. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 170 respondents from a population size of1449. A descriptive and quantitative research design was used for this study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse data. Most respondents were males, married, had high school education and farming experience of more than 20 years. Livestock farming, was found to be the main agricultural activity amongst the respondents. Knowledge test statements revealed that, respondents had a low level of knowledge about climate-smart agriculture. Age, access to climate information, farm income per month and access to off-farm income had statistically significant relationships with respondents' level of knowledge on climate-smart agriculture. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that, there should be training and education activities which should be implemented to assist small-scale farmers in Mahikeng Local Municipality in increasing their knowledge on climate-smart agriculture. Keywords: Climate-smart agriculture, Knowledge, Small-scale farmers, Socio-economic characteristics

scholarly journals Are There Road Blocks to Access Micro-Credit From Selected Microfinance Banks in Delta State, Nigeria? Implications for Small Scale Farmers Sustainability!

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gbigbi Theophilus Miebi
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Logit Model ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cash Balance ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Cooperative Society ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

The study was carried out to investigate the factors that affect small scale farmers to access fund and utilized for greater efficiency in production in Delta State, Nigeria. The logit model was used to analyze the data. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used for the study. Charts were used to analyze the socioeconomic characteristics of the farmers. About 120 farmers were interviewed using pretested questionnaire. The study showed that sex, education, farm size, cash balance, collateral, frequency of transaction and membership of cooperative society were positive and significant at 1%, 5% and 10% probability levels respectively. The coefficient of age, interest rate, household size and distance were negative and significant at 10% and 5% levels. The results of the study call for policies aimed at encouraging microfinance banks to consider the farmers in accessing credit to increase their output, income and productivity in the study area.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Growth Enhancement Support Scheme (GESS) in Input Delivery in Southwest Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ibitunde Ibidun Olatohun ◽  
Farinde Akinloye Jimoh ◽  
Adereti Francis Oke
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
The Government ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
High Level ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

The study identified the problems of access to inputs by the small-scale farmers; and analyzed the structure and operations of the Growth Enhancement Support Scheme (GESS) on input supply to small-scale farmers in Southwestern Nigeria with the view to investigate the effectiveness of GESS in South western Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was employed in selecting 420 GESS farmers. The interview schedule was used to collect data which were subjected to descriptive and inferential analysis to test the hypothesis. Results showed that the mean age of the small-scale farmers was 49.57±10.49 years and a high level, 75.70 per cent were males. A higher percentage (55.80%) showed a high level of identified problems of access to inputs. Analysis of the structure and operations of GESS on input supply showed that GESS was structured and operated by the government among the various stakeholders using the top-down approach. Out of the nineteen GESS effectiveness indicators, none was effective at solving the problems of inputs delivery to the respondents. Chi-square analysis showed a significant association between the effectiveness of GESS and respondents' sex (χ2=46.159; p≤ 0.01). Correlation analysis showed a negative and significant relationship between the effectiveness of GESS and identified problems of access to inputs (r=-0.214, p≤0.001). It was concluded that GESS recorded a low level of effectiveness of GESS in the study area as a result of the high level of identified problems of access to agricultural inputs through GESS. The study therefore recommends that there should be better orientation for future likely programmes and a reorientation of the farmers about the GESS in which there will be more extensive sensitization and enlightenment, especially at the grassroots level, also that quantity of input supply be increased and that more inclusive participatory approach instead of top-down approach should be adopted for planning, execution and evaluation of the GESS programme.

scholarly journals A Study on Factors Affecting High Quality Fruit Tomato Production in a Greenhouse by Utilizing Low Cost Smart Agriculture Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Ramadhona Saville ◽  
Katsumori Hatanaka ◽  
Denis Pastory Rubanga
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Price ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Degree Production ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Nara Prefecture

In this paper, we present an examination of factors affecting the sweetness degree of fruit tomato by utilizing a low-cost smart agriculture framework. Japanese consumers are willing to pay a sky-high price for particularly high sweetness degree of tomato, known as fruit tomato. Japanese farmers would like to produce sustainable fruit tomato, yet only some of the veteran farmers with tens of years of experience or big industrialized farms can produce it. Small scale farmers still struggle to produce sustainable fruit tomato. Many of them would like to know what factors affecting the sweetness degree of tomato. This study aims to clarify factors affecting the sweetness degree production by using a low-cost smart agriculture framework installed in a fruit tomato farmer in Nara prefecture, a western part of Japan. The data used were automatic data gathered from the sensor network, i.e. temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure as well as CO2; and manually input cultivation records, namely, fertilizers (Ca, NO3), pH, EC (electrical conductivity), harvesting record (yield and sweetness degree) as well as cropping calendar. We gathered data from June 2017 to December 2019. We then conducted a statistical analysis using the R statistical computing language. We found that the most significant factor for a high sweetness degree of fruit tomato is the growing time, that is the longer the growing time, the higher the sweetness degree of fruit tomato. The growing time is likely to be affected by season, as in summer growing time is faster than in wintertime. Consequently, summer is not the best time to grow fruit tomato.

scholarly journals Appropriate Green Materials for Affordable Building Construction in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 986-991
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
High Price ◽  
North Central ◽  
Green Materials

There are severe issues for the deficiency of affordable house for low-income earners in developing countries such as Nigeria. The high cost of conventional materials has been established to be one the major factors that heightened the cost of building in recent times. However the integration of green building materials that are relevant and sustainable for building construction in the present dispensation will provide excellent solutions to overcome high price of construction. The study was carried out on all the available green materials in north-central Nigeria. Surveyed instrument was prepared and distributed to building professional experts that are registered member of various professional bodies in the building sector. Four hundred questionnaires were distributed in the north-central zone. Three hundred five questionnaires that were filled correctly was used for the data analyses. Analysis of moments (AMOS) software through the structural equation model (SEM) was used to analysis and generated a model for the study. The result discloses that earth bricks, stone/rocks, timber, Bamboo, thatches, straw fibre, and rice husk are very relevant green materials that can be used to achieve affordable building construction. Therefore, the use and integration of green materials in building construction will produce low cost housing units

Influence of Psychological Factors on the Adoption of Farm-Forestry Practices among Small-Scale Farmers in Narok-North Sub-County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Cecilia Naeku; Prof. Mark Okere
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Farm Forestry ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Forestry Practices ◽  
Forestry Policies ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

The objective of this paper is to examine the psychological factors that influenced the adoption of farm-forestry practices among small-scale farmers. Despite the numerous benefits farmers can derive from incorporating farm-forestry practices in their farmlands, the adoption of such practices has remained sub-optimal. Kenya’s government has over the years implemented projects and enacted farm-forestry policies to encourage farmers to incorporate trees on farms. The researcher used an explanatory sequential mixed method research design with a sample size of 110 small-scale farmers in Narok-North Sub-County. Proportionate sampling technique was used to acquire the sample sizes of the different wards of the Sub-County while simple random sampling was used to obtain the research participants. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to research participants to generate information on the psychological factors that were measured on a 5-point Likert scale. The results of the Mann-Whitney tests showed that farm-forestry adopters and non-adopters differed significantly in the various constructs that were used to measure attitude. The adopters had a more favourable attitude towards farm-forestry than the non-adopters. They also differed in their subjective norms in which farm-forestry adopters had social networks that supported the practice of farm-forestry. The results also showed that farm-forestry adopters indicated that they faced certain barriers that hindered their adoption of farm-forestry.

Raising awareness of climate change issues in Nigeria through education for policy and practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Nimota Jibola Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Government School ◽  
North Central ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Significant Difference

The objective of this study is to raise awareness through education in mitigating of climate issues. Also, to finding out relationship between resilience teaching and learning and mitigating of climate change issues in North-central zone, Nigeria. The study investigated managing education toward mitigating climate change in North-central zone, Nigeria. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select 375 head teachers and 384 teachers in public primary schools in North-central zone, Nigeria. Questionnaire title “Managing Education Toward Mitigating Climate Change Issues Questionnaire (METACCIQ) was used to collect data for the study and analysed using descriptive statistics and t-test analysis. The results shown that there is no significant difference between raising awareness, resilience teaching and learning and mitigating of climate change issues in Nigeria. It was recommended that Government, school administrators, teachers and stakeholders should embark on raising awareness on climate change issues to encourage changes in young people attitudes and behavior. Also, resilience teaching and learning should be made interesting in order to increases climate literacy among learners through education.

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